Upland Bentgrass

Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. 45 : 44
1843.
Cornucopiae perennans Walt. Fl. Carol. 74. 1788.
Agrostis Cornucopiae Smith; J. Nichols ["S. Urban"], Gentleman's Mag. 59: 873. 1789. (Based on
Cornucopiae perennans Walt.) Agrostis elegans Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. 25. 1796. (Based on Cornucopiae perennans Walt.) Agrostis anomala Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 370. 1797. (Based on Cornucopiae perennans Walt.) Alopecurus carolinianus Spreng. Nachtr. Bot. Gart. Halle 10. 1801. (Type from Kentucky.)
Not A. carolinianus Walt. 1788. Trichodium decumbens Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 42. 1803. (Type from Virginia to Florida, Michaux.) Trichodiurn perennans Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 99. 1816. (Based on Cornucopiae perennans Walt.) Trichodium Muhlenbergianum Schultes; in R. & S. Syst. Veg. Mant. 2: 159. 1824. (Based on
Muhlenberg's Trichodium no. 4, from Pennsylvania [Muhl. Descr. Gram. 62. 1817].) Agrostis Michauxii Trin. Gram. Unifl. 206. 1824. (Based on Trichodium decumbens Michx.)
Not A. Michauxii Zucc. 1809. Agrostis noveboracensis Spreng. Syst. 1: 260. 1825. (Type from New York, Torrey.) Agrostis decumbens Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 80. 1827. (Based on Trichodium decumbens Michx.)
Not A. decumbens Host, 1809. Trichodium noveboracense Schultes, in R. & S. Syst. Veg. Mant. 3: Addit. 555. 1827. (Based on
Agrostis noveboracensis Spreng.) Trichodium scabrum [Muhl. misapplied by] Darl. Fl. Cestr. 1 : 54. 1837. (Type from Pennsylvania.) Agrostis Schweinitzii Trin. Mem. Acad. St.-Petersb. VI. 6 2 : 311. 1841. (Type from Pennsylvania,
Schweinitz.) «.
Agrostis oreophila Trin. Mem. Acad. St.-Petersb. VI. 6 2 : 323. 1841. (Type from Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania.) Agrostis Schiedeana Trin. Mem. Acad. St.-Petersb. VI. 6 2 : 327. 1841. (Type from Mexico.) Agrostis novae-angliae Tuckerm. Mag. Hort. Hovey 9: 143. 1843. (Type from White Mountains,
New Hampshire.) Agrostis campyla Tuckerm. Am. Jour. Sci. II. 6: 231. 1848. (Type from New England.) A groslis scabra var. perennans Wood, Class-Book ed. 1861. 774. 1861. (Presumably based on A .
perennans Tuckerm.) Agrostis chinanlla Fourn. Mex. PI. Gram. 96. 1886. (Type from Chinantla, Mexico.) Agrostis perennans var. aestivalis Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 76. 1892. (Type from Athens,
Illinois; the slender lax form.) Agrostis intermedia Scribn. Bull. Torrey Club 20: 476. 1893. (Type from Pine Mountain, Harlan
County, Tennessee. Kearney 39.) Not A. intermedia Balb. 1801. Agrostis pseudoinlermedia Harwell, Ann. Rep. Comm. Parks & Boul. Detroit 11: 46. 1900. B I ed
on .4. intermedia Scribn.) Agrostis Scribneriana Nash, in Small, Fl. SK. l T . S. 126. 1903. (Based on .1. intermedia Scribn.) Agrostis perennans var. humilis Farwell, Papers Mich. Acad. 1 : 87. 1921 i Detroit,
Michigan. Farwell 567 2 §.)
Perennial; culms erect or decumbent at base, varying from weak and lax to relativelj stoul and tall, glabrous, 30-100 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous or slightly rough; ligule 2-5 mm. long; blades flat, lax to stiffly upright, scabrous, 10-20 cm. long, 1-6 mm. wide, those of the culm several; panicle pale-green or tawny, oblong, open, 10-20 or even 30 cm. long, the branches ascending, scabrous, capillary, naked on the lower half, verticillate, the branchlets appressed or divaricately spreading; glumes acute or acuminate, scabrous on the keel, 2-3 mm. long; lemma awnless, rarely awned, 1.5-2 mm. long; palea minute or wanting.
Type locality: South Carolina.
Distribution: Open ground, old fields and open woods, in rather dry soil from sea level to the tops of mountains, Quebec to Minnesota, and southward to Florida and Guatemala.