Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Caudal peduncle 1.1 to 1.2 times as long as deep.
Diseases and Parasites
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Hole-in-the-Head Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Life Cycle
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Mouthbrooding by females.
Morphology
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Dorsal spines (total): 1315
Biology
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Inhabits slow streams, river mouths, shallow parts of lake near rivers (Ref. 4967).
Importance
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fisheries: subsistence fisheries; aquarium: commercial