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Jackrogersella cohaerens (Pers.) L. Wendt, Kuhnert & M. Stadler, syn.: Annulohypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh, Sphaeria cohaerens Pers., Hypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Fr., Hypoxylon rutilum var. ericae Gonz. Frag., Hypoxylon atrorufum Ellis & Everh.DE: Zusammengedrngte Kohlenbeere, Schwarze BuchenkohlenbeereSlo.: ?Dat.: Nov. 21. 2008Lat.: 46.34042 Long.: 13.54176Code: Bot_314/2008_DSC5241Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; relatively warm place; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on bark of still standing, dead and rotten, partly decorticated Fagus sylvatica.Place: Bovec basin, east of Bovec, below Visna settlement, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Habit of the fungus on this pictures and substratum fit well to Jackrogersella cohaerens (Annulohypoxylon cohaerens). But several other taxa can be very similar. For example: Jackrogersella minutella (former Hypoxylon cohaerens var. microsporum) and Jackrogersella multiformis (former Annulohypoxylon multiforme) and a few others can have similar stromatal features. Microscopy is needed for a reliable determination. Tentative field identification often relies on host. Jackrogersella minutella is restricted to Quercus and Castanea, Jackrogersella multiformis grows mostly on Betula, Alnus and Corylus and Jackrogersella cohaerens is restricted to Fagus sylvatica. However, host specificity is rarely absolute. Since no microscopy was done for this observation, the determination remains unreliable.Ref.: (1)
www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/ZusammenKohlebeere.htm (accessed Dec. 22. 2018)(2)
pyrenomycetes.free.fr/hypoxylon/html/Hypoxylon_cohaerens.htm (accessed Dec. 22.2018)(3) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 281. (4)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=A&l=l&nom=Annuloh... (accessed Dec. 22.2018)
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Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Daldinia intermedia (Lloyd) Child, Hypoxylon concentricum (Bolton) Grev., Valsa tuberosa Scop., Sphaeria tuberosa (Scop.) TimmCarbon Balls, Coal Fungus, Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes, DE: Slo.: slojevita oglarka Dat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.17522 Long.: 13.72071Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1243Habitat: wood edge, hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) dominant tree; not far from river bank; almost flat terrain; calcareous, alluvial ground; half shade, relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 185 m (600 feet), borderline between alpine and sub-mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, dead and partly disintegrated thick branch of broadleaved tree, most probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Acer spp.Place: Tolmin region; southwest of the town and southeast of rubbish dump Vole, right bank of river Soa, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Daldinia concentrica is a quite common ascomycete, also in Slovenia. Its 'balls' are reddish or rusty-brown at first becoming black and shiny resembling charcoal. Flesh is conspicuously concentrically zoned when cut vertically. One can find it mostly on Fagus sylvatica but also on other broadleaved trees. There appears little possibility to misidentify it in Slovenia since all other species of the genus Daldinia are very rare. English vernacular name King Alfred's Cakes is based on the following legend. King Alfred was hiding in a country home during war time. Unaware of his identity, the mistress of the house put him in charge of watching the baking of the cakes in the oven. King fell asleep and the cakes burned. Daldinia concentrica apparently resembles these cakes.Growing gregariously in several groups all along the fallen branch. Tens of fruit bodies present.Ref.: (1) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 321.(2) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, University of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 293.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 375.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 274.
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Cosmospora coccinea Rabenh., [non Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849], syn.: Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not.; anamorph Verticillium olivaceum W. GamsSlo.: krlatna bradavikaDat.: March 25. 2017Lat.: 46.37361 Long.: 13.79341Code: Bot_1043/2017_DSC7186Habitat: alpine Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; in shade, rather cool and humid place; locally almost flat terrain; calcareous, colluvial, stony ground; elevation 950 m, average temperature 5-7 deg C, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: heavily decayed Poliporaceae (Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus most common at this place) on fallen off, rotten branch of Fagus sylvaticaPlace: Zadnjica valley west of Mt. Triglav, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: I found this ascomycete on heavily decayed pore layer of a Poliporaceae. Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus seem most probable at this regions. First I thought I found Nectria peziza (since on polypore). However, spores proved to be too big and too tuberculate. Also perithecia seem pyriforme rather than globose and they apparently do not degrade to widely open 'peziza' type cups when old as I expected. Surprisingly I was unable to find asci? In the literature available to me I found no fit to this find. Thanks to the help obtained at AscoFrance (Ref.:1) the find was determined as Cosmospora coccinea. The fungus grows almost exclusively on Inonotus nodulosus decayed pore layer.Spores tuberculate. Dimensions: 14.3 [16.5 ; 17.6] 19.8 x 8.6 [10.2 ; 11] 12.6 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 17 x 10.6 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (all pictures except:), Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (whole perithecia), in water, fresh material; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (macro pictures of habit). AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Gernot Friebes (idded the find) and Thomas Lsse, AscoFrance(2) T. Grfenhan, H.J. Schroers, H.I. Nirenberg, and K.A. Seifert (2011), An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella, Stud Mycol., 68: 79113.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065986/(3)
www.marn.at/index-fungorum/cosmariospora_mikro.html (4)
www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home
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Eutypella quaternata (Pers.) Rappaz, syn.: Quaternaria quaternata (Pers.) J. Schrt., Sphaeria quaternata Pers., Valsa quaternata (Pers.) Fr.DE: Vierfrchtige QuaternariaSlo.: ?Dat.: Oct. 3. 2018Lat.: 46.360883 Long.: 13.702422Code: Bot_1160/2018_DSC3578Habitat: Wood edge, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead branches of Fagus sylvatica still attached to the tree; branch diameter 9-14 mm.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, Na melu place near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Eutypella quaternata is a common fungus on dead Fagus branches. This is teleomorph form of anamorph Libertella faginea. In its sexual reproductive stage, it produces spores in fruiting bodies immerged in the barky of the tree in blackish perithecia. A few of them have a common stroma.Spores smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (11,3) 11,7 - 15,5 (16,6) (2,8) 3,4 - 4,3 (4,7) m, Q = (2,7) 3,2 - 4; N = 30; Me = 13,6 3,8 m; Qe = 3,6; Asci 140 -210/8-10 microns, some with very long 'tail'; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (asci tips); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (spores, asci), in water, dry material. Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (stroma, perithecia), dry material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and Herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Index Herbariorum acronym LJFRef.: (1)
www.bioimages.org.uk/html/r159161.htm?7 (accessed Nov. 2.2018)(2)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=E&l=l&nom=Eutypel... (accessed Nov. 5. 2018) (3)
www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/Quaternaria.htm (accessed Nov. 5.2018) (4)
www.ascofrance.com/recolte/4104/sordariomycetes-xylariale... (accessed Nov. 8.2018)(5)
www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/equaternata.php
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Biscogniauxia nummularia (Bull.) KunzeBeech Tarerust, DE: Rotbuchen- Rindenkugelpilz, Mnzenfrmige Rindenkugelpilz, Pfennig-KohlenkrusteSlo.: noviasta skorjederkaDat.: March 2. 2016Lat.: 46.34040 Long.: 13.69445 Code: Bot_935/2016_DSC0440Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; steep mountain slope, south aspect; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground; dry and sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 880 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, rotten but still standing Fagus sylvatica trunk and branches mostly still in bark.Place: Vrsnik valley, next to the trail from 'Pod Vriem' place to settlement 'Na skali', just below the chapel of Marija Snena, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Biscogniauxia nummularia is a common fungus in beech and mixed woods of the Upper Soa River region. It can be recognized by more or less round, but many times also confluent and irregular shape, (almost) black spots on rotting trunks and fallen branches of Fagus sylvatica. Spots are flat, not cushion like. Ostioles are rather small and inconspicuous. Spots of this observation were from about 5 mm in diameter to 10 x 2.5 cm large patches and about 1 mm thick. Perithecia have in average 0.7 x 0.55 mm in diameter.Spores smooth, dark. Dimensions: 10,5 [12,1 ; 12,8] 14,4 x 6,4 [7,3 ; 7,8] 8,7 microns; Q = 1,3 [1,6 ; 1,7] 2; N = 25; C = 95%; Me = 12,4 x 7,5 microns; Qe = 1,7. Perithecia dimensions: 592.3 [681.9 ; 744.4] 834.1 x 373.4 [514.6 ; 613] 754.3 microns; Q = 0.9 [1.2 ; 1.4] 1.7; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 713.2 x 563.8 microns; Qe = 1.3.Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 270. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 129.
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Diatrypella favacea (Fr.) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Sphaeria favacea Fr., Diatrype favacea Fr., Microstoma favaceum (Fr.) Auersw., Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke.Birch Blackhead, DE: Birken-Eckenscheibchen, Warziges EckenscheibchenSlo.: brezova predirnicaDat.: March 6. 2017Lat.: 46.35975 Long.: 13.70052Code: Bot_1035/2017_DSC6829Habitat: Light wood and bushes on the edge of a small alpine pasture, moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; shallow, skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Dead, still standing, almost horizontally positioned branch of Corylus avellana.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, near abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Taxonomy of genus Diatrypella is not yet settled on species level, even not on genus level. Consequently the descriptions in literature of the habit and host(s) of the species under the name Diatrypella favacea vary widely. There are mainly two approaches; 'lumpers' consider Diatrypella favacea in broader sense and consider different spore sizes of finds on different hosts as insignificant, while 'splitters' find these differences significant (among other traits) and recognize several host specific species. According to them this find would clearly be Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke., which grows on Corylus sp. only. They consider Diatrypella favacea a species bound exclusively on Betula sp.. I follow Index Fungorum where these taxa (and others) are considered synonyms. Stromata 2-5.5 mm in diameter, ostioles of mature stromata small, barely visible, when old and weathered much larger; stromata mostly on the upper side of the branch; branch decayed, about 5 cm in diameter; attempt to extract pigments using 5% KOH was negative. Spores smooth, curved. Dimensions: 6,2 [7,2 ; 7,6] 8,6 x 1,4 [1,7 ; 1,8] 2,1 microns; Q = 3,2 [4 ; 4,3] 5,1 ; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 7,4 x 1,8 microns; Qe = 4,2. Asci many spored. Olympus, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Osieck Eduard, AscoFrance. Many thanks for the links to relevant literature. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 282. SP 6-8/1.5 (3) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 327. SP 6-7/0.5-2(4) Vasilyeva, L.N. & S.L. Stephenson, Pyrenomycetes of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. II. Cryptovalsa Ces. et De Not. and Diatrypella (Ces. et De Not.) Nitschke (Diatrypaceae), Fungal Diversity (2005), 19: 189-200.
www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/19-12.pdf key ? , large ostioles; only, on Betula, SP 6-8 long, Breitenbach: stromata with 'barely visible ostioles(5)
www.pilzbestimmer.de/Detailed/17417.html SP 5-7/ 1 ogromne ostiole(6) Glawe, D.A. & J.D. Rogers, Diatrypaceae in the Pacific Northwest, Mycotaxon (1984), 20: 401-460; available at Cyberliber
www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0020/002/0430.htm (7) Croxall 1950 (Studies on British Pyrenomycetes. III. The British species of the genus Diatrypella Cesati & De Notaris, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. (1950), 33(1/2): 45-72.(8)
www.verspreidingsatlas.nl/0593010 (see tab "artikelen').
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Anthostoma decipiens (DC.) Nitschke 1867 Slo.: not found in ref.:(2)Date: March 29. 2009Lat.: 46.29983 Long.: 13.49883Code: Bot_251/2009-6407Habitat: Partly overgrown scree and rock slopes at the foot of steep mountain side, SW exposed, calcareous ground, light and warm place, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, medium air humidity, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: About 2 cm (4/5 inch) diameter dead and partly rotten, yet still in bark, branch of a deciduous tree or bush laying on ground, probably Fagus sylvatica or Coryllus avellanaPlace: SW slopes of Mt. Polovnik ridge, left bank of river Soca, downstream of village Log Cezsoski, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: A characteristic thin flat gray-brown stoma with 10-20 projecting thick finely furrowed perithecial beaks in irregularly cespitose groups (1). No microscopic investigations done.Ref.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Verlag Mykologia (1984), pp 290 (2) A.Poler, ed., Seznam Gliv Slovenije (Check list of Fungi of Slovenia), Association of Mycological Societies of Slovenia, second edition, (1998)
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Nectria peziza (Tode) Fr., syn.: Sphaeria peziza Tode, Neuronectria peziza (Tode) MunkSlo.: vrsta bradavikeDat.: Oct.22. 2011Lat.: 46.34859 Long.: 13.67895Code: Bot_563/2011_DSC0378Habitat: Mixed wood, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Pinus sp., Larix decidua, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect, calcareous bedrock; rather dry and warm place, partly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead trunk of a large Fagus sylvatica in its last stage of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, settlement Lemovlje, above the trail from the settlement to TV repeater, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Growing in large colony with hundreds of fruitbodies. No microscopy done.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260.(2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003)(3)
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid...(4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at
www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) (5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at
www.mycobank.org ) (6) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 116.
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The yellow phase of a fungal parasite which infests boletes.
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Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert & W. Gams, syn.: Penicillium roseum Link, Gliocladium roseum BainierDat.: Nov. 3. 2016Lat.: 46.35962 Long.: 13.70446Code: Bot_1026/2016_DSC6356Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; in shade; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on somewhat over-mature Rhizopogon aestivus fruitbody.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, near Skokar farm house, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Orange blobs on the surface of almost black sporocarp of Rhizopogon aestivus are anamorph form of a parasitic fungus Clonostachys rosea (teleomorph formerly known as Bionectria). This was determined by growing fungus in culture from herbarium sample (Ref.:1). Clonostachys rosea is a common species found on several substrates including other fungi (fungicolous species). It colonizes living plants as an endophyte, can live in ground living as a saprophyte, or lives as a parasite on other fungi or nematodes. It produces several kinds of mycotoxins. It is used in biological pest control on vegetable, mostly for treatment of grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) of tomato and strawberries.The long fusiform and septated conidia also observed belong most probably to another fungus belonging to genus Fusarium. It has not been determined to species level. Small conidia of Clonostachys rosea smooth; dimensions: 4.7 [5.5 ; 5.9] 6.8 x 2.9 [3.3 ; 3.5] 3.8 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 2; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 5.7 x 3.4 microns; Qe = 1.7. Fusiform, long, narrowly spindle-shaped, slightly bend conidia dimensions; 35.9 [46.9 ; 51.8] 62.8 x 4.5 [5.2 ; 5.5] 6.2 microns; Q = 6.2 [8.8 ; 9.9] 12.4; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 49.3 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 9.3; number of septa: AVG = 4.9 (SD = 1.4), N=34.Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (small conidia), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (large conidia, hypha, conidiophores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (squash); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Dr.Walter Gams,
www.ascofrance.com , who has grown a culture and determined the species.(2)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonostachys_rosea_f._rosea
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Oakland, California, United States
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Kretzschmaria deusta (Hoffm.) Martin, syn.: Ustulina deusta (Hoffm.) Lind, Hypoxylon deustumBrittle cinder, DE: BrandkrustenpilzSlo.: rnea ogankaDat.: Feb. 27. 2016Lat.: 46.33499 Long.: 13.69911Code: Bot_934/2016_IMG9669Picture file names: from Kretzschmaria-deusta_raw_10 to Kretzschmaria-deusta_raw_17.Habitat: light, mixed woodland Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant; slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous, skeletal ground; half shade, quite humid place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 8 deg C, elevation 715 m (2.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: mostly debarked places of a heavily decayed, still standing trunk of Fagus sylvatica.Place: Vrsnik valley, below 'Na skali' settlement, above Pod Vriem place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: This is a quite a common fungus in Upper Posoje region, not really among the most beautiful, but still interesting. This species is much brighter when young, becoming black as charcoal when old. Growing on several places of a still standing trunk of large Fagus sylvatica. Ascomata confluent into patches up to 25 x 10 cm, with bumps from 3 to 10(15) mm in diameter, 2 to 6(10) mm thick, perithecia about 1 mm in diameter; very brittle, so it can't be cut even not with a sharp surgical knife without breaking it into pieces; no smell; SP none, spores found within crashed perithecia; these were rather old sporocarps.Spores smooth, dark, seems much flattened on one side (which probably explains large variability of their measured width compared to stable length), some with small drops. Dimensions: 28.3 [30.3 ; 31.2] 33.1 x 8.8 [9.9 ; 10.5] 11.6 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 30.7 x 10.2 microns; Qe = 3. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400 x; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 377. (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 336. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1., Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 272.
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Jackrogersella cohaerens (Pers.) L. Wendt, Kuhnert & M. Stadler, syn.: Annulohypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh, Sphaeria cohaerens Pers., Hypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Fr., Hypoxylon rutilum var. ericae Gonz. Frag., Hypoxylon atrorufum Ellis & Everh.DE: Zusammengedrngte Kohlenbeere, Schwarze BuchenkohlenbeereSlo.: ?Dat.: Nov. 21. 2008Lat.: 46.34042 Long.: 13.54176Code: Bot_314/2008_DSC5241Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; relatively warm place; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on bark of still standing, dead and rotten, partly decorticated Fagus sylvatica.Place: Bovec basin, east of Bovec, below Visna settlement, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Habit of the fungus on this pictures and substratum fit well to Jackrogersella cohaerens (Annulohypoxylon cohaerens). But several other taxa can be very similar. For example: Jackrogersella minutella (former Hypoxylon cohaerens var. microsporum) and Jackrogersella multiformis (former Annulohypoxylon multiforme) and a few others can have similar stromatal features. Microscopy is needed for a reliable determination. Tentative field identification often relies on host. Jackrogersella minutella is restricted to Quercus and Castanea, Jackrogersella multiformis grows mostly on Betula, Alnus and Corylus and Jackrogersella cohaerens is restricted to Fagus sylvatica. However, host specificity is rarely absolute. Since no microscopy was done for this observation, the determination remains unreliable.Ref.: (1)
www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/ZusammenKohlebeere.htm (accessed Dec. 22. 2018)(2)
pyrenomycetes.free.fr/hypoxylon/html/Hypoxylon_cohaerens.htm (accessed Dec. 22.2018)(3) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 281. (4)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=A&l=l&nom=Annuloh... (accessed Dec. 22.2018)
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Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Daldinia intermedia (Lloyd) Child, Hypoxylon concentricum (Bolton) Grev., Valsa tuberosa Scop., Sphaeria tuberosa (Scop.) TimmCarbon Balls, Coal Fungus, Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes, DE: Slo.: slojevita oglarka Dat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.17522 Long.: 13.72071Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1243Habitat: wood edge, hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) dominant tree; not far from river bank; almost flat terrain; calcareous, alluvial ground; half shade, relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 185 m (600 feet), borderline between alpine and sub-mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, dead and partly disintegrated thick branch of broadleaved tree, most probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Acer spp.Place: Tolmin region; southwest of the town and southeast of rubbish dump Vole, right bank of river Soa, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Daldinia concentrica is a quite common ascomycete, also in Slovenia. Its 'balls' are reddish or rusty-brown at first becoming black and shiny resembling charcoal. Flesh is conspicuously concentrically zoned when cut vertically. One can find it mostly on Fagus sylvatica but also on other broadleaved trees. There appears little possibility to misidentify it in Slovenia since all other species of the genus Daldinia are very rare. English vernacular name King Alfred's Cakes is based on the following legend. King Alfred was hiding in a country home during war time. Unaware of his identity, the mistress of the house put him in charge of watching the baking of the cakes in the oven. King fell asleep and the cakes burned. Daldinia concentrica apparently resembles these cakes.Growing gregariously in several groups all along the fallen branch. Tens of fruit bodies present.Ref.: (1) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 321.(2) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, University of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 293.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 375.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 274.
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Cosmospora coccinea Rabenh., [non Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849], syn.: Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not.; anamorph Verticillium olivaceum W. GamsSlo.: krlatna bradavikaDat.: March 25. 2017Lat.: 46.37361 Long.: 13.79341Code: Bot_1043/2017_DSC7186Habitat: alpine Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; in shade, rather cool and humid place; locally almost flat terrain; calcareous, colluvial, stony ground; elevation 950 m, average temperature 5-7 deg C, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: heavily decayed Poliporaceae (Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus most common at this place) on fallen off, rotten branch of Fagus sylvaticaPlace: Zadnjica valley west of Mt. Triglav, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: I found this ascomycete on heavily decayed pore layer of a Poliporaceae. Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus seem most probable at this regions. First I thought I found Nectria peziza (since on polypore). However, spores proved to be too big and too tuberculate. Also perithecia seem pyriforme rather than globose and they apparently do not degrade to widely open 'peziza' type cups when old as I expected. Surprisingly I was unable to find asci? In the literature available to me I found no fit to this find. Thanks to the help obtained at AscoFrance (Ref.:1) the find was determined as Cosmospora coccinea. The fungus grows almost exclusively on Inonotus nodulosus decayed pore layer.Spores tuberculate. Dimensions: 14.3 [16.5 ; 17.6] 19.8 x 8.6 [10.2 ; 11] 12.6 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 17 x 10.6 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (all pictures except:), Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (whole perithecia), in water, fresh material; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (macro pictures of habit). AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Gernot Friebes (idded the find) and Thomas Lsse, AscoFrance(2) T. Grfenhan, H.J. Schroers, H.I. Nirenberg, and K.A. Seifert (2011), An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella, Stud Mycol., 68: 79113.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065986/(3)
www.marn.at/index-fungorum/cosmariospora_mikro.html (4)
www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home
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Eutypella quaternata (Pers.) Rappaz, syn.: Quaternaria quaternata (Pers.) J. Schrt., Sphaeria quaternata Pers., Valsa quaternata (Pers.) Fr.DE: Vierfrchtige QuaternariaSlo.: ?Dat.: Oct. 3. 2018Lat.: 46.360883 Long.: 13.702422Code: Bot_1160/2018_DSC3578Habitat: Wood edge, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead branches of Fagus sylvatica still attached to the tree; branch diameter 9-14 mm.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, Na melu place near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Eutypella quaternata is a common fungus on dead Fagus branches. This is teleomorph form of anamorph Libertella faginea. In its sexual reproductive stage, it produces spores in fruiting bodies immerged in the barky of the tree in blackish perithecia. A few of them have a common stroma.Spores smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (11,3) 11,7 - 15,5 (16,6) (2,8) 3,4 - 4,3 (4,7) m, Q = (2,7) 3,2 - 4; N = 30; Me = 13,6 3,8 m; Qe = 3,6; Asci 140 -210/8-10 microns, some with very long 'tail'; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (asci tips); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (spores, asci), in water, dry material. Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (stroma, perithecia), dry material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and Herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Index Herbariorum acronym LJFRef.: (1)
www.bioimages.org.uk/html/r159161.htm?7 (accessed Nov. 2.2018)(2)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=E&l=l&nom=Eutypel... (accessed Nov. 5. 2018) (3)
www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/Quaternaria.htm (accessed Nov. 5.2018) (4)
www.ascofrance.com/recolte/4104/sordariomycetes-xylariale... (accessed Nov. 8.2018)(5)
www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/equaternata.php
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Biscogniauxia nummularia (Bull.) KunzeBeech Tarerust, DE: Rotbuchen- Rindenkugelpilz, Mnzenfrmige Rindenkugelpilz, Pfennig-KohlenkrusteSlo.: noviasta skorjederkaDat.: March 2. 2016Lat.: 46.34040 Long.: 13.69445 Code: Bot_935/2016_DSC0440Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; steep mountain slope, south aspect; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground; dry and sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 880 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, rotten but still standing Fagus sylvatica trunk and branches mostly still in bark.Place: Vrsnik valley, next to the trail from 'Pod Vriem' place to settlement 'Na skali', just below the chapel of Marija Snena, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Biscogniauxia nummularia is a common fungus in beech and mixed woods of the Upper Soa River region. It can be recognized by more or less round, but many times also confluent and irregular shape, (almost) black spots on rotting trunks and fallen branches of Fagus sylvatica. Spots are flat, not cushion like. Ostioles are rather small and inconspicuous. Spots of this observation were from about 5 mm in diameter to 10 x 2.5 cm large patches and about 1 mm thick. Perithecia have in average 0.7 x 0.55 mm in diameter.Spores smooth, dark. Dimensions: 10,5 [12,1 ; 12,8] 14,4 x 6,4 [7,3 ; 7,8] 8,7 microns; Q = 1,3 [1,6 ; 1,7] 2; N = 25; C = 95%; Me = 12,4 x 7,5 microns; Qe = 1,7. Perithecia dimensions: 592.3 [681.9 ; 744.4] 834.1 x 373.4 [514.6 ; 613] 754.3 microns; Q = 0.9 [1.2 ; 1.4] 1.7; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 713.2 x 563.8 microns; Qe = 1.3.Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 270. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 129.
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Diatrypella favacea (Fr.) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Sphaeria favacea Fr., Diatrype favacea Fr., Microstoma favaceum (Fr.) Auersw., Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke.Birch Blackhead, DE: Birken-Eckenscheibchen, Warziges EckenscheibchenSlo.: brezova predirnicaDat.: March 6. 2017Lat.: 46.35975 Long.: 13.70052Code: Bot_1035/2017_DSC6829Habitat: Light wood and bushes on the edge of a small alpine pasture, moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; shallow, skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Dead, still standing, almost horizontally positioned branch of Corylus avellana.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, near abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Taxonomy of genus Diatrypella is not yet settled on species level, even not on genus level. Consequently the descriptions in literature of the habit and host(s) of the species under the name Diatrypella favacea vary widely. There are mainly two approaches; 'lumpers' consider Diatrypella favacea in broader sense and consider different spore sizes of finds on different hosts as insignificant, while 'splitters' find these differences significant (among other traits) and recognize several host specific species. According to them this find would clearly be Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke., which grows on Corylus sp. only. They consider Diatrypella favacea a species bound exclusively on Betula sp.. I follow Index Fungorum where these taxa (and others) are considered synonyms. Stromata 2-5.5 mm in diameter, ostioles of mature stromata small, barely visible, when old and weathered much larger; stromata mostly on the upper side of the branch; branch decayed, about 5 cm in diameter; attempt to extract pigments using 5% KOH was negative. Spores smooth, curved. Dimensions: 6,2 [7,2 ; 7,6] 8,6 x 1,4 [1,7 ; 1,8] 2,1 microns; Q = 3,2 [4 ; 4,3] 5,1 ; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 7,4 x 1,8 microns; Qe = 4,2. Asci many spored. Olympus, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Osieck Eduard, AscoFrance. Many thanks for the links to relevant literature. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 282. SP 6-8/1.5 (3) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 327. SP 6-7/0.5-2(4) Vasilyeva, L.N. & S.L. Stephenson, Pyrenomycetes of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. II. Cryptovalsa Ces. et De Not. and Diatrypella (Ces. et De Not.) Nitschke (Diatrypaceae), Fungal Diversity (2005), 19: 189-200.
www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/19-12.pdf key ? , large ostioles; only, on Betula, SP 6-8 long, Breitenbach: stromata with 'barely visible ostioles(5)
www.pilzbestimmer.de/Detailed/17417.html SP 5-7/ 1 ogromne ostiole(6) Glawe, D.A. & J.D. Rogers, Diatrypaceae in the Pacific Northwest, Mycotaxon (1984), 20: 401-460; available at Cyberliber
www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0020/002/0430.htm (7) Croxall 1950 (Studies on British Pyrenomycetes. III. The British species of the genus Diatrypella Cesati & De Notaris, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. (1950), 33(1/2): 45-72.(8)
www.verspreidingsatlas.nl/0593010 (see tab "artikelen').
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Anthostoma decipiens (DC.) Nitschke 1867 Slo.: not found in ref.:(2)Date: March 29. 2009Lat.: 46.29983 Long.: 13.49883Code: Bot_251/2009-6407Habitat: Partly overgrown scree and rock slopes at the foot of steep mountain side, SW exposed, calcareous ground, light and warm place, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, medium air humidity, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: About 2 cm (4/5 inch) diameter dead and partly rotten, yet still in bark, branch of a deciduous tree or bush laying on ground, probably Fagus sylvatica or Coryllus avellanaPlace: SW slopes of Mt. Polovnik ridge, left bank of river Soca, downstream of village Log Cezsoski, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: A characteristic thin flat gray-brown stoma with 10-20 projecting thick finely furrowed perithecial beaks in irregularly cespitose groups (1). No microscopic investigations done.Ref.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Verlag Mykologia (1984), pp 290 (2) A.Poler, ed., Seznam Gliv Slovenije (Check list of Fungi of Slovenia), Association of Mycological Societies of Slovenia, second edition, (1998)
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Nectria peziza (Tode) Fr., syn.: Sphaeria peziza Tode, Neuronectria peziza (Tode) MunkSlo.: vrsta bradavikeDat.: Oct.22. 2011Lat.: 46.34859 Long.: 13.67895Code: Bot_563/2011_DSC0378Habitat: Mixed wood, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Pinus sp., Larix decidua, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect, calcareous bedrock; rather dry and warm place, partly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead trunk of a large Fagus sylvatica in its last stage of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, settlement Lemovlje, above the trail from the settlement to TV repeater, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Growing in large colony with hundreds of fruitbodies. No microscopy done.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260.(2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003)(3)
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid...(4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at
www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) (5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at
www.mycobank.org ) (6) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 116.
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Haugh Wood Herefordshire. SO586361
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Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert & W. Gams, syn.: Penicillium roseum Link, Gliocladium roseum BainierDat.: Nov. 3. 2016Lat.: 46.35962 Long.: 13.70446Code: Bot_1026/2016_DSC6356Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; in shade; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on somewhat over-mature Rhizopogon aestivus fruitbody.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, near Skokar farm house, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Orange blobs on the surface of almost black sporocarp of Rhizopogon aestivus are anamorph form of a parasitic fungus Clonostachys rosea (teleomorph formerly known as Bionectria). This was determined by growing fungus in culture from herbarium sample (Ref.:1). Clonostachys rosea is a common species found on several substrates including other fungi (fungicolous species). It colonizes living plants as an endophyte, can live in ground living as a saprophyte, or lives as a parasite on other fungi or nematodes. It produces several kinds of mycotoxins. It is used in biological pest control on vegetable, mostly for treatment of grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) of tomato and strawberries.The long fusiform and septated conidia also observed belong most probably to another fungus belonging to genus Fusarium. It has not been determined to species level. Small conidia of Clonostachys rosea smooth; dimensions: 4.7 [5.5 ; 5.9] 6.8 x 2.9 [3.3 ; 3.5] 3.8 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 2; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 5.7 x 3.4 microns; Qe = 1.7. Fusiform, long, narrowly spindle-shaped, slightly bend conidia dimensions; 35.9 [46.9 ; 51.8] 62.8 x 4.5 [5.2 ; 5.5] 6.2 microns; Q = 6.2 [8.8 ; 9.9] 12.4; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 49.3 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 9.3; number of septa: AVG = 4.9 (SD = 1.4), N=34.Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (small conidia), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (large conidia, hypha, conidiophores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (squash); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Dr.Walter Gams,
www.ascofrance.com , who has grown a culture and determined the species.(2)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonostachys_rosea_f._rosea
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Herringfleet Hills
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Kretzschmaria deusta (Hoffm.) Martin, syn.: Ustulina deusta (Hoffm.) Lind, Hypoxylon deustumBrittle cinder, DE: BrandkrustenpilzSlo.: rnea ogankaDat.: Feb. 27. 2016Lat.: 46.33499 Long.: 13.69911Code: Bot_934/2016_IMG9669Picture file names: from Kretzschmaria-deusta_raw_10 to Kretzschmaria-deusta_raw_17.Habitat: light, mixed woodland Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant; slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous, skeletal ground; half shade, quite humid place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 8 deg C, elevation 715 m (2.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: mostly debarked places of a heavily decayed, still standing trunk of Fagus sylvatica.Place: Vrsnik valley, below 'Na skali' settlement, above Pod Vriem place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: This is a quite a common fungus in Upper Posoje region, not really among the most beautiful, but still interesting. This species is much brighter when young, becoming black as charcoal when old. Growing on several places of a still standing trunk of large Fagus sylvatica. Ascomata confluent into patches up to 25 x 10 cm, with bumps from 3 to 10(15) mm in diameter, 2 to 6(10) mm thick, perithecia about 1 mm in diameter; very brittle, so it can't be cut even not with a sharp surgical knife without breaking it into pieces; no smell; SP none, spores found within crashed perithecia; these were rather old sporocarps.Spores smooth, dark, seems much flattened on one side (which probably explains large variability of their measured width compared to stable length), some with small drops. Dimensions: 28.3 [30.3 ; 31.2] 33.1 x 8.8 [9.9 ; 10.5] 11.6 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 30.7 x 10.2 microns; Qe = 3. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400 x; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 377. (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 336. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1., Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 272.