NO NAME!

Habitat: At the side of a group of Pinus nigra trees, south oriented mountain slope, fairly sunny and relatively warm place, calcareous ground, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Dead stump of a cut down deciduous tree (possibly Ostrya carpinifolia) mostly still in bark and partly covered with mosses, also heavily infected with Trametes versicolor (as effuse-reflexed to pileate form), however fungus spread also to pieces of fallen off bark, herbaceous plant roots and old leaf petioles (as a resupinated form). - Comments: Subglobose to ovate and significantly larger spores (see spore measurement chart), smaller diameter pseudocystidia, conical and longer than 1 mm aculei (see Ref.:(2)) distinguish this observation from more frequent Steccherinum ochraceum well. All forms from pure resupinated to distinctly pileate present. Caps of pileate form zonate, up to 14 mm wide and 12 mm off the substrate, often confluent up to 2 mm thick, context thin, upper side beige-pink with some brown strips and green (algae?), with thin whitish margin. Hymenium aculei up to 1.5 mm long, mostly conical, ocher-pink (oac764); hymenium in resupinated form with white edge. Smell indistinctive on soil and rottenness. SP whitish. Spores smooth, subglobose to ovate, dimensions: 4.4 (SD = 0.3) x 3.7 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 1.21 (SD = 0.07), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Pseudocystidia 5-7 micr. diameter. Measured spores and a comparison of spore dimensions of S. bourdotii and S. ochraceus. - S.bourdotii. Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 327. (2) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceae s.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), pp 624. (3) http://aphyllopower.blogspot.com/2008/06/steccherinum-bourdotii-rundsporiger.html - S.ochraceum. (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 327. (2) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceae s.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), pp628. (3) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984).

Slo.: snenobeli sirovec - Habitat: Mixed light forest, former pasture, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana dominant; modestly inclined mountain slope, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, relatively dry and partly sunny place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 550 m (1.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: fallen dead branch of Betula pendula lying on ground. - Comments: Two sporocarps present; pileus about 2.5 - 3 cm wide; tube layer very thin compared to context; smell characteristic, pleasant, aromatic; flesh cheesy but tough when dry; SP none, spores taken directly from pore surface using a soft, moist brush. Spores apparently do not fit to expectations well. They seem to be too wide, but characteristic smell and typical hypha with short side branching (Ref.:(1)) make the determination almost certain. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 4.5 (SD = 0.3) x 2.2 (SD = 0.2) , Q= 2.0 (SD = 0.18), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot. Leg.: Bojan Rot, Det.: Mr.Branko Vrhovec. (2) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 550.(3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 595. (4) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 686. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 497.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 312. (7) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 599.

Slo.: gomoljavi luknicar - Habitat: Mixed hard-woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen heavily rotten branch of Fraxinus excelsior, on ground. Determination not certain, based on field characters only. Ref.: A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l. in Italia, Bologna Uni. (1990), p476

Slo.: jesenov večnoluknjičar - Habitat: A small opening in a fragment of an old Fagus sylvatica alpine forest, nearly full sun, fully exposed to direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.300 m (4.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: A large and old, partly rotten, still standing Fagus sylvatica trunk, covered by mosses and Lobaria pulmonaria. - Comment: Determination highly uncertain. Could eventually be also Heterobasidion annosum? See discussion on MushroomObserver, observation no. 44717. Many fruit bodies present, all around the trunk, many of them dead and black, spread from its base to up to 1.5 m (5 feet) above ground. - Ref.: (1) A. Poler, Ed., Seznam Gliv Slovenie (in Slovene) (Check list of mushrooms of Slovenia), Assoc. of Mycological Societies of Slovenia (1998), p 56. (2) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei 10, Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 376. - Comment #2: Second observation: June 7. 2010. - Spore dimensions: 6.0 (SD=0.7) x 3.3 (SD=0.3) micr., Q = 1.8 (SD=0.18), n=30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - I visited the place again and took samples to get spores. Spores and their dimensions as well as dimensions from literature (Ref.: (2), Bernicchia) are shown on (pictures) Figs. xxx and xxx. Unfortunately, measured spores don't fit neither to Perenniporia fraxinea nor to any Ganoderma in Refs.: (1) and (2) (G. lucidum and G. resinaceum not taken into account due to too different habitus). It is possible that I didn't measure mature spores or spores of something else??

Slo.: jesenov večnoluknjičar - Habitat: A small opening in a fragment of an old Fagus sylvatica alpine forest, nearly full sun, fully exposed to direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.300 m (4.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: A large and old, partly rotten, still standing Fagus sylvatica trunk, covered by mosses and Lobaria pulmonaria. - Comment: Determination highly uncertain. Could eventually be also Heterobasidion annosum? See discussion on MushroomObserver, observation no. 44717. Many fruit bodies present, all around the trunk, many of them dead and black, spread from its base to up to 1.5 m (5 feet) above ground. - Ref.: (1) A. Poler, Ed., Seznam Gliv Slovenie (in Slovene) (Check list of mushrooms of Slovenia), Assoc. of Mycological Societies of Slovenia (1998), p 56. (2) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei 10, Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 376. - Comment #2: Second observation: June 7. 2010. - Spore dimensions: 6.0 (SD=0.7) x 3.3 (SD=0.3) micr., Q = 1.8 (SD=0.18), n=30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - I visited the place again and took samples to get spores. Spores and their dimensions as well as dimensions from literature (Ref.: (2), Bernicchia) are shown on the pictures. Unfortunately, measured spores don't fit neither to Perenniporia fraxinea nor to any Ganoderma in Refs.: (1) and (2) (G. lucidum and G. resinaceum not taken into account due to too different habitus). It is possible that I didn't measure mature spores or spores of something else??

Habitat: mixed, predominantly valuable broad-leaved tree species woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 445 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen old deciduous tree, partly debarked, covered with mosses

Slo.: jelkin sivolukniar - syn.: Diplomitoporus lindbladii (Berk.) Gilb. & Ryv., Polyporus lindbladii Berk., Poria cinerasceus Sacc. & Syd., Antrodia lindbladii (Berk.) Ryv. - Habitat: mixed wood, close to a river, at the foot of steep mountain; northwest aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; in shade, high air humidity; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 570 m (1.870 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Rotten, Picea abies pole (formerly a part of wooden fence around a small pasture) lying on a large Picea abies stump; underside of the pole (resupinate form) and the gap between the pole and Picea abies stump (cottony-fibrous form). Comments: Growing in two forms, resupinate, poroid (underside of the pole hanging in the air) and cottony-fibrous (in-between the pole and the tree stump); dimensions of the resupinate part about 3.5 x 25 cm, dimension of cottony part 10 x 40 cm; pore layer up to 5 mm thick; about 3 pores/mm; subiculum very thin, almost none, less than 0.5 mm thick; sporocarps quite firm (photographed in half frozen state - air temperature was below zero C), hard when dry; pore surface of old and dry sporocarps gray with an interesting shimmer when looked at changing angle like a kind of interference pattern (German name of the species!); smell none (low temperatures? should be unpleasant according to literature); taste mild but distinctive, on resin, chemicals? 5% KOH reaction on pore surface mild, pale ocher-yellow; SP faint, oac color could not be determined. Accidentally small creatures living in the fungus were observed (Figs. ). Does anybody know what could they be? Spores smooth, cylindrical-allantoid with (mostly) two oil drops. Dimensions: 5.5 [6 ; 6.2] 6.6 x 1.9 [2.2 ; 2.4] 2.7 microns; Q = 2.2 [2.6 ; 2.7] 3.1; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 6.1 x 2.3 microns; Qe = 2.6. Basidia dimensions: 11.2 [13.7 ; 17.2] 19.8 x 4.3 [4.5 ; 4.7] 4.9 microns; Q = 2.4 [3 ; 3.7] 4.3; N = 6; C = 95%; Me = 15.5 x 4.6 microns (according to Ryvarden (2014) 10-20 x 4.5-5.5 microns). Tramal hyphae thick walled, not septated, generative hyphae with clamps not seen. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hyphae, hymenium, others), in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 280. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 515. (3) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993), p 246. (4) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 206. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 498. (6) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 329. (7) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 152. (8) http://aphyllopower.blogspot.si/2006/10/diplomitoporus-lindbladii-grauender.html

German name is Stinkende Lederkoralle

Slo.: ? - syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers. - Habitat: Mixed wood, dominant trees Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; at the foot of steep mountain slope, southeast oriented terrain, locally almost flat ground consisting of overgrown calcareous scree, rocks and boulders; in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: large, dead, water soaked trunk of Picea abies in the last stage of disintegration lying on ground. - Comments: Most sources consider this species as rare, however in Bovec region it doesn't seem so. I've found it several times. One could consider it as frequently overlooked species partly because it is really small and because its sporocarps are very ephemeral. However, on other side, it usually thrives gregariously in hundreds of sporocarps, which is, because of their white color contrasting to usually darkly colored rotten wood, quite easy to observe. This interesting fungus grows in symbiosis with algae (Coccomyxa) similar to lichens. While in true lichens algae are internal to fungi body, algae associated with Multiclavula mucida grow externally to the fungus on the same substratum. Algae can be observed like a thin layer of something green spreading around fungi sporocarps. M. mucida is also a rare example of symbiosis of a basidiomycete and algae. Vast majority of lichens is an association of ascomycete with algae. - Growing in groups of many fruit bodies; sporocarps up to 4 - 7 mm high and about 0.8 mm in diameter; most sporocarps are single, but some are branched into 2 (5) tips; no distinctive smell; taste slightly bitter; SP faint, whitish. - Measured spores are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps). All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key (Ref.:(4)), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which doesn't have hypha clamps, M. coronilla, which is terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. Therefore this measured spore width remains a secret to me. - Spores smooth; dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.9) x 3.6 (SD = 0.3) , Q = 2.0 (SD = 0.16), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, congo red. Basidia oblong with narrow, stalk like, base and with clamps; dimensions: 20.1 (SD = 1.9) x 7.0 (SD = 0.9) , n = 18. Hypha diameter 3.3 (SD = 0.4) , n= 30, with clamps, seems monomitic. NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis-C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D.Newman, available at Mushroom Observer.

Slo.: ovji mesnatovec - syn.: Boletus ovinus Schff., Scutiger ovinus (Schff.; Fr.) Murr. - Habitat: alpine valley, almost flat terrain, mixed wood with dominant Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, under a Picea abies canopy; calcareous ground; in shade, relatively humid place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, 4-6 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil. Comments: There are few polypores with so characteristic, aromatic and pleasant smell. To my experience only the scent of Gloeophyllum odoratum can compete with it. Once one experiences it, he will likely remember it forever. The traits like: habitus, prominent smell, shape and size of pores, areolate surface of pilei with yellow colored cracks (Ref.1.), a thin, darker, like gelatinous, layer (see picture 7b) above the pore layer, citric yellow bruising when handled, blackish reaction of pore layer on Meltzer's reagent, hypha with simple septa and Picea abies as mycorrhizal partner, seem convincing for Albatrellus ovinus. However, spores of this find seem a bit large. Dimensions fit reasonably well to Ref.6., but are larger than data given by other authors. Also the pilei seem to me unusually yellow. My former finds were of more cream-colored to buff appearance. Ref. 2. and 4. allow (among others) 'yellowish' and 'sulfur-yellow' color too and hence the observed color may still be within expectations. The mushroom is very rare in Great Britain (Ref.3.). It is rapidly disappearing in Germany (Ref.:4.) because of general eutrophication, it is highly endangered and enlisted in their Red list. In Slovenia it is not protected and still quite common. Fungi were growing in a few groups with two to several fruit bodies, partly confluent; pilei diameter 5-8 cm; stipe 3-6 cm long and up to 1.3 cm in diameter; pore layer up to 2.8 mm thick, bruising yellow, pores 3-4/mm in average, small and round with entire dissepiments near the edge of the pilei and larger and more angular with deeply lacerate dissepiments near the stipe; pore layer has a thin darker layer above it; Metzler's reaction on pore surface blackish; taste distinctive, porridge like, strange, on what?; smell strong, pleasant, aromatic, can be detected from far; dried pilei hard, completely yellow, characteristic smell remains; SP too faint to enable color determination. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 4 [4,7 ; 5] 5,6 x 3,1 [3,6 ; 3,8] 4,2 microns; Q = 1 [1,3 ; 1,4] 1,6; N = 28; C = 95%; Me = 4,8 x 3,7 microns; Qe = 1,3. Hypha thin walled, simple septa, with irregular swellings, 4 - 30 microns in diameter. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993)(1994), p 90. (2) A. Bernicchia, S.P. Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes .i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), p 80. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 468. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 474. (5) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 299. (6) Micologia e Botanica Udinese, http://www.micologiaebotanica.it/micologia.html

Slo.: belkasti rapovec - Habitat: alpine valley, an opening in mixed forest with predominantly Fagus sylvatica followed by Picea abies; modestly inclined southeast oriented mountain slope, overgrown calcareous ground composed of scree, rocks and boulders; mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: cut down trunk of Fagus sylvatica lying on ground, in its late initial phase of disintegration; the trunk was massively infected also with Trametes hirsutum. - Comments: fruit body mostly resupinated but also effused-reflexed; very large, about 1.5 m x 20 cm, about 2-3 mm thick, context thinner than pore layer; small 'pilei' up to 8(12) mm off the substrate; hymenophore with initially distinctly irregular angular, almost labyrinthine pores soon becomes irpiciform to hydnoid (compare Figs. 8. and 10.); smell indistinctive, taste initially indistinctive, after some time slightly unpleasant; 5% KOH reaction on context and pore layer mild, color changed to somewhat darker ocher-beige; SP abundant, white-yellowish with a slight green tint, oac014. No hypha clamps have been observed. All observed traits fit well to expectations for Irpex lacteus except cystidia. The fact that I haven't found conspicuously encrusted cystidia puzzles me. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.1 [5.9 ; 6.2] 7.1 x 2.5 [2.8 ; 2.9] 3.2 microns, Q = 1.9 [2.1 ; 2.2] 2.4; N = 47; C = 95%; Me = 6.1 x 2.8 microns; Qe = 2.2. Basidia dimensions approximately 20 x 4.5 microns.Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water (spores) and NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red (hymenium, cystidia). AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojam Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes.l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 296. (3) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, Fungiflora, Vol.1. (1993), p 352. 4) G. J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 329. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 176. (6) http://www.messiah.edu/Oakes//fungi_on_wood/poroid%20fungi/species%20pages/Irpex%20lacteus.htm

Slo.: osmojena bjerkandera - syn.: Boletus crispus Pers. - Habitat: alpine valley, river bank, locally almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, river bank vegetation mostly consisting of Salix eleagnos, Picea abies and some Fagus sylvatica; humid air and ground, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.720 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead wood, a stump of cut down Salix eleagnos in its late initial phase of disintegration. - Comments: There exist two species of the genus Bjerkandera growing in Europe and also in Slovenia: Bjerkandera adusta and Bjerkandera fumosa. Both have very variable and irregular habitus and can be found pileate, effuse reflexed and also totally resupinate. Bjerkandera adusta is more common and can be distinguished from Bjerkandera fumosa by its very, very small more or less angular pores (5-7/mm), darker gray pore surface with pale margin and smaller spores. But distinguishing is not always easy. Bjerkandera adusta can be found during the whole year but it sporulates only at temperatures below 10 deg C (Ref.:4). So, one can hope to get spore print only during colder seasons of my country. Generally in the literature the pilei are described as azonate or only weakly zonate, however when they are very young this apparently doesn't hold (see Fig.4). - Growing in imbricate groups of several fruit bodies; pilei 1.2 - 2.8 cm across, trama pale brown, corky-fibrous (cannot be chewed over but can be nicely cut with a razor), up to 4.5 mm thick, pore layer dark-grey and distinctly darker then trama, about 1 mm thick; stipe absent; taste mild, slightly unpleasant but not bitter; smell on sour earth similar to Trametes versicolor; SP faint, whitish. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.5 ; 4.7] 5.1 x 2.6 [2.9 ; 3] 3.4 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.8; N = 37; C = 95%; Me = 4.6 x 3 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 268. (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 316. (3) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993), p 168. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 486. (5) A. Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), p 139.

Slo.: hojeva tramovka - Habitat: Steep, rocky mountain slope, open rocks and light mixed wood, Ostrya carprinifolia, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant trees, calcareous ground, warm, dry, wind exposed place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 655 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead, debarked, partly still standing, partly loosely lying on ground, trunk of Picea abies in its initial stage of disintegration. - Comments: Four species of the genus Gloeophyllum have been reported in Slovenia: G. odoratum, G. separium, G. abietinum and G. trabeum. Far the most common is G. odoratum. It is one of the most frequent Polypores in my region. Number of my observations goes in several ten. G. separium follows, while both others are much, much rarer. This observation is my first find of G. abietinum, while I haven't yet found G. trabeum. Literature states G. abietinum to be rare or very rare in Britain and Europe in general, while Ref.:(3) states it is common in CH. Rivarden and Bernicchia say it is a perennial species, while Breitenbach and Krieglsteiner consider it as an annual species. Also there are two writings of genus name in use - Gloeophyllum and Gloephyllum. Index Fungorum uses the first one. - Growing in groups of many pilei; their dimensions up to 4 x 2 cm, quite thick at the base, pore layer thicker than context; smell distinctive, on leather or tobacco; taste mild, slightly bitter after a while; context tough, fibrous; SP faint whitish-ochre, oac858 (?). - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 10 [11,5 ; 12] 13,5 x 3,2 [3,7 ; 3,9] 4,5 microns, Q = 2,6 [3 ; 3,1] 3,5 ; N = 43 ; C = 95%, Me = 11,7 x 3,8 microns; Qe = 3,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, Congo red.AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 496. (2) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, Fungiflora, Vol.1. (1993), p 285.(3) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes.l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 243. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p308. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 524.

Slo.: mehka skutovka - Habitat: Mixed wood, east inclined fairly steep mountain slope, calcareous ground, humid place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: large, approximately 70 cm (2.3 feet) in diameter, debarked fallen trunk of Picea abies in its late stage of disintegration. - Comments: This is an interesting fungus from several reasons. First it is quite rare. Second it is the only known species in the genus Leptoporus. Third it is a real surprise when you touch it - surprisingly spongy and so soft, that it is hard to handle it without damaging it. Indeed in strong contrast to what one expects from similar bracket fungi on wood. - Growing in groups, many fruit bodies present on the log; sessile brackets up to 5 cm wide, up to 2.5 cm off the substrate and about 2 cm thick, trama layer up to 12 mm thick, pore layer 5-7 mm thick, brackets partly fused; thickly effuse-reflexed form up to 5 x 3.5 cm, totally resupinated patches up to 20 x 6 cm; bruising reddish-brown when touched; taste distinctly aromatic-bitter; smell mushroomy, pleasant, lightly acid; flesh very soft like watery white cheese; no SP obtained, spores collected directly from pore surface using a soft brush; no hypha clamps observed; 5% KOH reaction on pore surface deep brown with red tint; the same on pileus, yet slower reaction and less intensive. Spores' width fits expectations; however, their length is somewhat too small. Probably they were not yet mature. - Spores smooth. Dimensions (only larger spores have been measured): 4.7 (SD= 0.2) x 1.8 (SD = 0.1) μ, Q = 2.62 (SD = 0.23), n = 21. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Basidia dimensions: 16.1 (SD = 1.8) x 4.4 (SD = 0.4) μ, n = 7. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x, magnification 400 x, in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoivečih vrstah gliv, Uradni list RS, t.58/2011 (Regulation of protected wild fungi, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 58/2011), (2011). - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes.l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., EdizioniCandusso (2005), p 317. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 498. (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze BadenWrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 544. (4) Boletus Informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute, BI data base, http://www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (5) http://mushroomhobby.com/Gallery/Polypores/Leptoporus_mollis.htm (6) http://fr.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Link=T&TableKey=14682616000000063&Rec=22987&Fields=All (7) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=L&l=l&nom=Leptoporus%20mollis%20/%20Polypore%20mou&tag=Leptoporus%20mollis&gro=6

Slo.: pisana ploskocevka - Habitat: Young, mixed forest and bushes, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Ailanthus altissima, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia, Corylus avellana dominant; overgrown former pasture; slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground; relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, still standing Fagus sylvatica trunkComments: Trametes versicolor is a very common species. Several authors consider it as the most frequent decomposer of wood of deciduous trees. It almost always appears in large, sometimes very beautifully colored, colonies. But it is also a very variable species, particularly in colors of distinctly zonate pilei. Because of that confusion with other species of genus Trametes is quite possible. The best distinguishing traits of Trametes versicolor for me are very small pores (up to 5/mm) and a distinctive, but very thin dark brown line between context and tomentum in cross-section. But one should cut pilei with a very sharp knife, or better with a razor blade. In this way the line remains undamaged and clearly visible. Growing in a group of several hundreds of pilei; pilei dimensions up to 4.6 x 2.9 cm and up to 6(8) mm thick, pore layer 1.5(2.5) mm thick; taste distinct, unpleasant, on rotten something?; smell mild, mushroomy; pore density 43/cm (SD=5.3, n=8), SP whitish-beige, oac 851.Spores smooth. Dimensions; 5.3 [6.1 ; 6.4] 7.1 x 1.8 [2 ; 2.1] 2.4 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 6.2 x 2.1 microns; Qe = 3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, aniline blue, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 421. (2) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 537. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 508. (4) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 341. (5) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 317. (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 268.

Slo.: raznolini luknjiar - Royoporus badius (Pers.) A.B. De, Mycotaxon 65: 471 (1997) (index Fungorum current name), Syn.: Polyporus badius (Pers) Schwein, 1832; (Polyporus leptocephalus?); basionym: Boletus badius Pers. 1801 - Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica with some Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia, almost flat terrain near a mountain stream, humid, mostly shade, limestone bedrock, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Fallen and heavily rotten trunk of deciduous tree (probably Fagus sylvatica) 25 - 30 cm (10-15 inch) in diameter. - Comments: Growing in a group of 5 sporocarps on a fallen log, pileus diameter up to 20 cm (8 inch), flesh soft leathery when moist and very hard and thin when dry, upper surface shiny, not bruising, causing white rot; SP almost white. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (2) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 458. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562. (4) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6670.asp. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1061. (6) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/polyporus_badius.html . (7) http://mykoweb.prf.jcu.cz/polypores/list_p.html.

Slo.: blazinasti plutozob - Habitat: Young open mixed forest, predominately Picea abies, some Pinus.sp and Fagus sylvatica; grassy and mossy ground, quite humid ground, in half shade; no sun during winter months; nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil next to roots of Picea abies. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter ~11 cm (4 inch); taste mild and tough, smell aromatic, spicy; SP white; spore dimensions: warty, 4.0 (SD = 0.3) x 3.8 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.05 (SD = 0.05), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1046. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 628. (4) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6611~source~gallerychooserresult.asp (5) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si .

Slo.: hrastova labirintnica - Syn.: Trametes quercina Lloyd (1992)- Habitat: Mixed woods, shady, on rotten stub probably of an oak, precipitations >3.000 mm/year

Slo.: grbasta ploskocevka - Habitat: Old alluvial terrace of River Soča, flat terrain, former pasture, now light bush land, calcareous ground, fairly sunny and warm, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: two stumps of a cut down small Fraxinus sp. (probably F. ornus) trees in initial stage of disintegration. - Comments: Growing on two stumps, several large pileus of different age, pileus diameter up to 22 cm (8 inch), sterile surface white to beige, old caps overgrown with algae and mosses, context white, not zonate, pore surface white, light straw color on older pilei; SP faint, white. Pictures taken at below 0 deg C temperature and after a prolonged period of very cold weather (icy days with minimum temperatures -10 deg C (14 deg F)). - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 4.4 (SD = 0.4) x 2.3 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 1.88 (SD = 0.21), n = 25. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.:(1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 585. (2) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 527. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 317. (4) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 318.

Slo.: lososova sirovka - Habitat: Dense mixed forest of young Picea abies, Abies alba, Larix decidua and Fagus Sylvatica, flat terrain, calcareous bedrock, probably acid soil, in shade (little ground vegetation), humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.410 m (4.625 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary and in groups, many species, pileus diameter up to 14 cm, stem up to 7 cm tall; taste pleasant at the beginning, then slowly turning slightly burning, smell pleasant mushroomy, flesh quite brittle, milk orange-red at the beginning then turns beep blood red, SP creamy oac(857). - Spores warty with ornamentation. Dimensions: 9.2 (SD = 0.4) x 7.5 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.22 (SD = 0.07), n = 28 . Olympus CH20 (Motic B2-211A), NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 950. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 65. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 80. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 282.

Slo.: modri skutovec - Habitat: Mixed forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southeast oriented; calcareous ground; sunny place but in half shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 620 m (2.034 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on cut-off surface of a small, dead trunk of Picea abies lying on ground partly still in bark, in late initial stage of disintegration. - Comments: Growing solitary; pileus 7 x 3.5 x 2.5 cm, tube layer max 1.2 cm thick; smell indistinctive; flesh soft, fibrous, watery; bruising bluish-green-gray when handled; SP none; rather old sporocarp; spores taken from pore surface using soft, moist brush. Spores seem to be somewhat too small. - Spores smooth, cylindrical and allantoid. Dimensions: 4.6 (SD = 0.3) x 1.5 (SD = 0.1) , Q = 3.14 (SD = 0.29), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes.l., Fungi Europaei Vol.10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 332. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 490. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 316. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 313. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 548. (6) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 435.

Slo.: mrtvaka trobenta - Habitat: Light mixed wood, mostly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, calcareous bed rock, probably mild acid soil (among Vaccinium myrtillus and mosses), nearly flat ground, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 850 m (2.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil

Update info: This observation was first determined as Postia caesia (see former text in brackets below). But, a kind explanation of Mr. Gnter Sturm, Germany, having long 'mileage' in Polyporaceae, and the paper of David (1974), Ref.: (8) convinced me that the correct determination should be Postia subcaesia. Now substratum fits better. Also habitus of the find fits better to the new determination. Pileus of P. caesia is of more uniform colors and never as strongly zonate as in this observation. Another trait, which fits better now, is the fact that the pilei color didn't changed distinctly blue when bruised. Nevertheless, spore dimensions still don't fit to data from literature. May be Ryvarden's comment in Ref.: (7), p 405, regarding distinguishing both species: 'However, there are some disturbing intermediate specimens on hardwoods.' explains the situation?-------------------------((Slo.: modri skutovec - Habitat: Mixed forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground; full shade; humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevation 1.000 m (3.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on dead rotting branch laying on ground and on half buried rotten roots of Fagus sylvatica, partly still in bark. - Comments: This beautifully blue polypore may also be Postia subcaesia, syn.: Oligoporus subcaesius. Unfortunately, the distinguishing traits between P. caesia and P. subcaesia seem to be treated quite inconsistently in the literature. Postia caesia should principally thrive on wood of conifers (with rare but well documented exceptions) and should have spores wider than 1.5 , while Postia subcaesia is found on broadleaved trees and should have spores narrower than 1.5 (as per Refs.:(5), (6) and (1)). Contrary, Ref.: (4) states narrower than 1.5 spores for P.. caesi (mistake?). Also the information about spore shape (allantoid versus cylindrical) and pilei size is inconsistently given in different sources. In this observation measured spore width speaks in favor to P. caesia (according to Ref.:(1), (6) and (5)), while substratum doesn't. Since exceptions with regard to substratum of P. caesia are known, and based on quite distinctively blue color of the pilei I decided for P. caesia, but this may be wrong. - Growing in a small group of about 6 pilei of different size; pileus up to 6 x 4 cm across; flesh soft, fibrous; SP very faint, whitish(?), oac857(?). - Spores smooth, cylindrical and moderately allantoid. Dimensions: 5.3 (SD = 0.2) x 1.6 (SD = 0.1) , Q = 3.25 (SD = 0.26), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Mr. Guenter Sturm. Id'ed by Mr. Guenter Sturm. (2 ) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia(1986), p274. (3) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes.l., Fungi Europaei Vol.10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), pp 359.(4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 490. (5) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 313. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 560. (7) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 435. (8) A. David, Une nouvelle espece de Polyporaceae: Tyromyces subcaesius, Bull. Soc.Linn. Lyon, Vol.46. (1974), pp 119-126.