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Amphidinium latum, an unsually large cell with green inclusions, observed in marine muds and sandy sediments in the vicinity of Broome, Western Australia in September 2003. This work was supported by the Australian Biological Resources Study.
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Amphidinium (am-fee-din-ee-um) mootonorum Murray et Patterson 2002. The image shows a cell in ventral view. The epicone is small. The plastids are yellow-brown. The nucleus is visible in the middle of the cell.
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Cells oval from the ventral side, dorso-ventrally flattened. Length 30 - 50 microns, width 24 - 44 microns. Epicone flattened anteriorly, reaching to approximately 0.4 of the cell length from the apex, becoming narrow and 'stem shaped' at the junction of the cingulum and sulcus. Epicone slightly deflected towards the left, just visible above the hypocone on the dorsal side. Cingulum relatively wide (2 - 3 microns), proximal end 0.4 of the cell length from the apex, travelling up to 0.05 of the cell length from the apex on the dorsal side, then descending, ends not displaced. Sulcus narrow initially, opening into a tear-drop shaped indentation approximately 0.7 of the cell length from the apex, not reaching the antapex. Short (2 - 3 microns) groove extends vertically near the ventral posterior end of the epicone . Nucleus in the centre of the hypocone, elongate oval. Non-motile cells slightly broader than motile cells, surrounded by hyaline layer, hypocone completely surrounds the epicone at the apex of the cell. Many small (2 - 4 microns diameter), yellow-brown chloroplasts present. Small lipid globules often present. Very occasionally, red bodies, possibly food particles, present. In high focus, surface of cell appears rough or grainy. A clonal culture of this species was temporarily kept. Under the culture conditions used, non-motile cells numerically dominated the culture over motile cells. Dividing non-motile cells were also seen.
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Amphidinium mootonorum Murray et Patterson 2002.
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Amphidinium mootonorum Murray et Patterson 2002.
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Amphidinium mootonorum Murray et Patterson 2002.
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Cells oval from the ventral side, dorso-ventrally flattened. Length 20 - 28 microns, width 10 - 20 microns, length to width ratio 1.3 - 2.0. Epicone triangular, curved anteriorly, deflected to the left. Cingulum beginning 0.2 of the cell length from the apex, distal end 2 - 4 microns below and to the right of the proximal. Sulcus beginning just to the right of the mid-ventral line, initially deep and wide (2 - 3 microns), becoming less distinct as it nears the posterior of the cell. Two pusules present, each approximately 1 microns diameter, one below the origin of the cingulum, the to the right of the origin of the sulcus. Longitudinal flagellum arising in a pocket just to the left of and below the origin of the sulcus. Nucleus in the posterior part of the hypocone, round to oval, approximately 10 microns diameter. Plastids yellow-brown, in strands radiating from the central pyrenoid, 4 -5 microns diameter . Asexual division occurring in hyaline covered cysts, in which either two or three daughter cells may be formed.
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A gymnodinioid dinoflagelate, identified by Shauna Murray, isolated from sandy sediments and photographed by Bob Moore and Dan Lahr. The nucleus with very dense genetic material is very evident in his picture.
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A optical slice showing some of the grooves in this gymnodinioid dino. Identifyed by Shauna Murray, Isolated and photographed by Bob Moore and Dan Lahr.
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Evident grooves on this vicious predator. Identified by Dr. Murray, isolated by Bob Moore, picture by Dan Lahr.
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This species (A. poecilochroum?) contains a number of symbiotic blue green algae (identifiable as such from the colour). Many protists contain blue green algae, and this has been used by some to create a taxon for protists with these symbionts, imagining that they represent some kind of intermediary between bacterial and eukaryotic life. The equatorial flagellum can be seen as it curves round the cell, the groove in which the longitudinal flagellum normally resides is evident, although the flagellum is not visible.
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Amphidinium (am-fee-din-ee-um) poecilochroum Larsen 1985. The image shows a cell in ventral view. The epicone is small, the cingulum is near the anterior end of the cell.
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Amphidinium (am-fee-din-ee-um) poecilochroum Larsen 1985. The image shows a mid-focal plane through a cell. The epicone is small, the cingulum is near the anterior end of the cell.
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Amphidinium (am-fee-din-ee-um) poecilochroum Larsen 1985. The image shows a cell in ventral view. The epicone is small, the cingulum is near the anterior end of the cell. This species contains blue green algae.
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Amphidinium (am-fee-din-ee-um) psittacus Larsen 1985. The image shows a cell in ventral view. The cell is asymmetrical, the cingulum is descending. The epicone is turned to the left. The cell contains no plastids.
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Amphidinium (am-fee-din-ee-um) psittacus Larsen 1985. The images show cells in ventral view. The cells are asymmetrical, the cingulum is descending. The epicone is turned to the left. The cell contains no plastids.
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Cells oval to oblong from the ventral side, dorso-ventrally flattened. Length 29 - 36 microns, width 16 - 26 microns, length to width ratio 1. 2 - 1.8. Cingulum beginning 0.2 - 0.3 of the cell length from the apex, initially narrow then becoming relatively wide (2 - 3 microns), following an almost horizontal path around the cell. Distal end of cingulum narrowing, approximately one cingulum width lower than the proximal end. Sulcus curving initially towards the right, then back to the left, reaching the antapex, left side of the hypocone appears to form an overlapping 'flap' on the right side. Short sulcal extension present on the epicone. Apical groove present, continuing from the sulcal extension in an anticlockwise spiral around the apex. Longitudinal flagellum arising in a pocket 0.5 - 0.6 of the cell length from the apex, slightly to the left of the mid ventral line. Flagellar pocket approximately 1 microns wide, covered by the left flap of the hypocone, continues in a straight line to the posterior end. Nucleus oval, in the centre of the hypocone, relatively large, approximately 10 x 15 microns. Chloroplasts absent. Different coloured food particles and colourless lipid globules often present.
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Gyrodinium (gyre-o-din-ee-um), a typical dinoflagellate. Most dinoflagellates have two flagella and they lie in grooves in the cell surface. There is an circumferential groove (the girdle or cingulum) which wraps around the cell, and a longitudinal groove which extends from the point of flagellar insertion towards the back of the cell. The two ends of the circumferential groove are offset, and this is said to define the genus. This groove contains a flagellum. This is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate Differential interference contrast.
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Gyrodinium (gyre-o-din-ee-um), a typical dinoflagellate. Most dinoflagellates have two flagella and they lie in grooves in the cell surface. There is an circumferential groove (the girdle or cingulum) which wraps around the cell, and a longitudinal groove which extends from the point of flagellar insertion towards the back of the cell. The two ends of the circumferential groove are offset, and this is said to define the genus. This image is focussed on the surface of the cell and shows the undulating flagellum within the circumferential groove. This is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate Differential interference contrast.
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Gyrodinium dominans cells are fusiform from the ventral side, circular or slightly flattened in cross-section, length 23 - 26 microns, width 13 - 15 microns. Hypocone moderately longer than epicone. Both have striations, approximately 8 across the ventral faces. Cingulum deep,with a slight overhang. Distal end approximately 2 - 3 cingulum-widths lower than proximal, displaced approximately 0.3 of the cell length. Sulcus widens as it reaches the antapical end. Longitudinal flagellum arises at the anterior end of the sulcus, in a 2 microns pocket just to the left of the junction of the cingulum and sulcus. Apical groove extends from the cingulum to the apex. Nucleus ellipsoidal, 6-8 microns diameter, in the epicone. Chloroplasts absent.
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Gyrodinium estuariale cells are round from the ventral side, slightly dorso-ventrally flattened, length 10 - 12 microns, width 9 - 10 microns. Cingulum wide, approximately 2 microns, proximal end 1 cingulum-width lower than distal end. Sulcus relatively wide, 1.5 - 2 microns. Apical groove present, curving to the left towards the apex from the junction of the cingulum and sulcus. Longitudinal flagellum arises at the anterior end of the sulcus. Orange stigma-like body present. Position of the nucleus not observed. A number of small yellow-green chloroplasts distributed in the epicone and hypocone. Generally very fast swimming.
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Gyrodinium mundulum cells are oval from the ventral side, slightly dorso-ventrally flattened. Epicone conical, wedge-shaped from the lateral side, hypocone slightly shorter than epicone from the ventral side and half as wide from the lateral side. Length 10 - 15 microns, width 7 - 10 microns. Cingulum 1-1.5 microns wide, distal end approximately 2 3 microns lower than the proximal and overhanging slightly. Sulcus shallow, barely visible. Apical groove begins at the intersection of the cingulum and sulcus, curves initially to the left and then back to the right towards the apex. Orange stigma present in hypocone, just to the left of the origin of the sulcus . Nucleus in the hypocone. Several yellow-green chloroplasts present in the epicone and hypocone. Generally very fast swimming.
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Gyrodinium (gyre-o-din-ee-um) oblongum Larsen & Patterson 1990. The image shows a cell in ventral view. The epicone is asymmetrical, the cingulum is strongly descending. The cell contains plastids.