Northern Dewberry

Rubus procumbens Muhl. (Cat. 50, hyponym. 1813);
W
1818.
Rubus trivialis Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 347, in part. 1814; Bigel. Fl. Bost. 122. 1814. Not R. trivi-
alis Michx. 1803. Rubus canadensis T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 455. 1840.
Rubus villosus L. H. Bailey, Evol. Nat. Fr. 371. 1898. Not R. villosus Thunb. 1784. Rubus subuniflorus Rydb. in Britton, Man. 498. 1901.
Stems biennial, prostrate, 3-20 dm. long, glabrous, with scattered, rather weak, recurved prickles; leaves of the turions 3-5-f oliolate; stipules linear-subulate, 1-1.5 cm. long; petioles, petiolules, and midveins more or less prickly; petioles 3-5 cm. long; leaflets rather firm, green on both sides, 4-10 cm. long, coarsely double-serrate, with triangular-ovate teeth, with scattered hairs above, pubescent on the veins beneath, abruptly acuminate at the apex, rounded or acute at the base; lateral veins 6-9 on each side, prominent beneath; terminal leaflet broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate, with petioles 1-2 cm. long, the lateral ones ovate and subsessile; floral branches 5-15 cm. long, sparingly villous; leaves ternate, the leaflets obovate or oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, acute at both ends, subsessile or the median one short-petioluled; flowers solitary in the upper axils or rarely 2-4 cymose at the ends of the branches; pedicels sparingly villous; sepals elliptic-ovate, acuminate, about 7 mm. long, sparingly villous without, tomentose within; petals white, elliptk-obovate, 10-15 mm. long; fruit black, hemispheric to thimble-shaped, 1-1.5 cm. long, more than 1 cm. thick; drupelets large, glabrous.
Type locality : Not given, probably near Philadelphia^
Distribution: Open places, from Maine to Virginia, Missouri, and Minnesota.

Rubus enslenii Tratt. Ros. Monog. 3: 63. 1823
Stems biennial, slender, prostrate, ascending or sometimes at first erect, glabrous, 3-15 dm. long, sparingly armed with small, retrorse prickles; leaves of the turions 3-foliolate; stipules lance-linear, 7-10 mm. long, ciliate; petioles glabrous, unarmed or with a few scattered weak prickles, 3-6 cm. long; leaflets thin, green on both sides, glabrous or slightly pubescent on the veins when young, ciliate on the margins, double-serrate, with ovate mucronate teeth, 3-6 cm. long, acute at both ends, lanceolate or rhombic-lanceolate; terminal leaflet with a petiolule 10-18 mm. long, the lateral ones subsessile or with very short petiolules; leaves of the floral branches 3-foliolate or the upper sometimes unifoliolate, similar but the leaflets smaller and broader, with broader and more obtuse teeth, sometimes obtuse at the apex and sometimes all subsessile; flowers mostly solitary at the ends of the branches; pedicels glabrous or nearly so, 3-6 cm. long; sepals ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, 5-7 mm. long, tomentulose within; petals 12-18 mm. long, elliptic-obovate, white; fruit black, hemispheric; drupelets rather few, glabrous.
Type locality: North America.
Distribution: Massachusetts (southern coast) to Missouri, Texas, and Florida.

Rubus flagellaris Wilid. Enum. 549. 1809
Stems biennial, prostrate, terete, light-green or purplish the first season, turning gray, glabrous, armed with weak, recurved, only slightly flattened prickles; leaves of the turions 3-5-foliolate; stipules linear-subulate, often 1 cm. long; petioles, petiolules, and midveins glabrous, more or less recurved-prickly; petioles 3-5 cm. long; leaflets dark-green, glabrate on both sides but often subviscid to touch, coarsely serrate, with triangular teeth, acute or short-acuminate at the apex, 4-6 cm. long; median leaflet broadly ovate or suborbicular, rounded or subcordate at the base, abruptly shortacuminate at the apex, its petiolule 1-1.5 cm. long; lateral leaflets subsessile, at the base acute or rounded, in the 3-foliolate leaves usually broadly rhombic-ovate, oblique, often 2-lobed or 2-cleft ; floral branches erect, 1-2 dm. high, glabrous; leaves 1-3-f oliolate ; 3-foliolate leaves similar to those of the turions, but smaller and the terminal leaflet with a shorter petiolule; unif oliolate leaves broadly ovate, orbicular, or rounded-cordate, sometimes 3-lobed; flowers several in terminal corymbiform cymes and on solitary peduncles in the upper axils, pedicels glabrous or slightly pubescent below the hypanthium, mostly unarmed; sepals ovate, 5-7 mm. long, abruptly acuminate, tomentulose within and on the margins; petals white, obovate or oblong, longer than the sepals; fruit insipid, watery, hemispheric or slightly elongate, about 1 cm. long; drupelets rather large, 15-30, arachnoid-pilose when young.
Type locality: North America.
Distribution: Coastal plains, L/ong Island, New York, to Nantucket Island, Massachusetts.