Comments
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R.R. Stewart and Parker have reported it from Pakistan but I have not come across with any material. It may be found in N.E. areas adjacent to Indian Punjab.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
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A large shrub or small tree, up to 10 m high, almost glabrous except the young inflorescence and branches. Leaves unequally pinnate, scarcely pubescent, 19-37 cm long; leaflets 4-15 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, membranous, 5-7.5 x 2-3.5 cm, lower leaflets small; petiolules small, 1-2 mm long or sometimes longer. Flowers c. 7 mm in diameter, pedicel 7-8 mm long. Calyx: sepals 5, much smaller than petals, c. 1 mm Fong, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla: petals (4-) 5(-6), glabrous, ovate-obovate or rarely lanceolate, valvate. Stamens (4-) 5, arising from a thick disc. Ovary with 3-5 free carpels. Fruit a drupe, black.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
Trees, deciduous, up to 10 m tall; bark purplish brown, smooth, with gray stripes. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 15-30 cm; stipules lanceolate, early deciduous; leaflets 9-15; blades ovate-lanceolate or broadly ovate, base cuneate, oblique except for terminal leaflet, both surfaces glabrous except abaxially pubescent on midrib or lateral veins when young, then glabrescent, apex acuminate; leaf scar conspicuous, semirounded or rounded. Flowers dioecious, in axillary cymes; rachis densely yellow-brown puberulent. Sepals 4 or 5, small, ovate or oblong, abaxially yellow-brown puberulent, imbricate. Petals as many as sepals, ovate or broadly ovate, both surfaces with midrib puberulent. Stamens 2 × as long as petals in males, shorter than petals in females, opposite sepals. Disk 4- or 5-lobed. Carpels 4 or 5, free. Druparium blue-green when ripe, globose, 6-8 × 5-7 mm, calyx persistent, testa thin. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
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Himalaya (Kashmir to Bhutan), Assam, China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
provided by eFloras
Distribution: India (Himalaya from Chanab eastwards, 4-8000 ft), S. China.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
provided by eFloras
Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Elevation Range
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2000-3000 m
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
provided by eFloras
Mountainous mixed forests; 1400-3200 m.
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Cyclicity
provided by Plants of Tibet
Flowering from April to May; fruiting from June to September.
Diagnostic Description
provided by Plants of Tibet
Picrasma quassioides var. quassioides is close relative of Picrasma quassioides var. glabrescens, but differs from the latter in its leaflet blades abaxially pubescent only on midrib or lateral veins when young (vs. glabrous); inflorescence rachis densely yellow-brown puberulent (vs. glabrous or sparsely pubescent then glabrescent).
Distribution
provided by Plants of Tibet
Picrasma quassioides is occurring in Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang of China, Bhutan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Nepal, Sri Lanka.
General Description
provided by Plants of Tibet
Trees, deciduous, up to 10 m tall; bark purplish brown, smooth, with gray stripes. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 15-30 cm; stipules lanceolate, early deciduous; leaflets 9-15; blades ovate-lanceolate or broadly ovate, base cuneate, oblique except for terminal leaflet, both surfaces glabrous except abaxially pubescent on midrib or lateral veins when young, then glabrescent, apex acuminate; leaf scar conspicuous, semirounded or rounded. Flowers dioecious, in axillary cymes; rachis densely yellow-brown puberulent. Sepals 4 or 5, small, ovate or oblong, abaxially yellow-brown puberulent, imbricate. Petals as many as sepals, ovate or broadly ovate, both surfaces with midrib puberulent. Stamens 2 times longer than petals in males, shorter than petals in females, opposite sepals. Disk 4-5-lobed. Carpels 4 or 5, free. Druparium blue-green when ripe, globose, 6-8 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, calyx persistent, testa thin.
Genetics
provided by Plants of Tibet
The chromosomal number of Picrasma quassioides 2n = 24 (Sandhu and Mann, 1989).
Picrasma quassioides
provided by wikipedia EN
Picrasma quassioides (picrasma; Chinese: 苦樹 ku shu, Japanese: ニガキ nigaki "bitterwood"; also India quassia, quassia wood, shurni, quassia-wood, or quassiawood; syn. P. ailanthioides) is a species of Picrasma native to temperate regions of southern Asia, from the northeast of Pakistan east along the Himalaya and through East Asia from southern, central and eastern China to Taiwan, Japan and Korea. [1][2][3]
It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 10–15 m (rarely 20 m) tall with a trunk up to 50 cm diameter. The bark is smooth and dark grey-brown. The leaves are 15–40 cm long, pinnate, with 7–15 leaflets 2.5–10 cm long and 1.5–4.5 cm broad, with a coarsely and irregularly toothed margin. The flowers are green to yellow-green with four or five sepals and petals, produced in cymes 8–15 cm long in mid to late spring. The fruit is an ovoid to globose red to black drupe 6–7 mm diameter.[1][2][3][4][5]
Cultivation and uses
The bark is used in herbal medicine as a bitter flavouring and antibacterial agent. Extracts from the wood are also used as a natural insecticide in organic farming.[4]
It is occasionally grown as an ornamental tree in Europe and North America, valued for its bright orange to red autumn colour.[5]
Foliage and immature fruit, Japan
References
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Picrasma quassioides: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Picrasma quassioides (picrasma; Chinese: 苦樹 ku shu, Japanese: ニガキ nigaki "bitterwood"; also India quassia, quassia wood, shurni, quassia-wood, or quassiawood; syn. P. ailanthioides) is a species of Picrasma native to temperate regions of southern Asia, from the northeast of Pakistan east along the Himalaya and through East Asia from southern, central and eastern China to Taiwan, Japan and Korea.
It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 10–15 m (rarely 20 m) tall with a trunk up to 50 cm diameter. The bark is smooth and dark grey-brown. The leaves are 15–40 cm long, pinnate, with 7–15 leaflets 2.5–10 cm long and 1.5–4.5 cm broad, with a coarsely and irregularly toothed margin. The flowers are green to yellow-green with four or five sepals and petals, produced in cymes 8–15 cm long in mid to late spring. The fruit is an ovoid to globose red to black drupe 6–7 mm diameter.
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