Euglenoides

Petalomonas excavata Skuja, 1939. Cells oval and a little flattened. Left side strongly convex, right side less convex. Cells 30-35 x 22-25 microns, 16-18 microns thick with a large median dorsal groove. Flagellum about cell length or slightly longer. Cell surface smooth, and cytoplasma hyaline filled with grains. Nucleus below the center or a little to the left side. Moves with a rather slow gliding.

Scytomonas marina Massart, 1920. Flexible cell about 27.4 microns with one anterior flagellum, never swims only glides slowly with the flagellum directed to the anterior, advances stops, squirms and move forwards in a different direction. Not sure why he puts it to Scytomonas, and no comments on why it is different

Petalomonas micra Norris, 1964. Cells spherical, slightly flattened, usually with a very short neck from which a single flagellum emerges. Flagellum two to three times longer than the diameter of the cell. Periplast firm, with no ridges or markings. Cell clear, containing numerous small spherical granules. Nucleus usually located in the posterior end of the call. Some cell contain irregular-shaped bodies, probably food vacuoles. Cells from 3.5 to 6 microns in diameter.

Petalomonas phacoides Skuja, 1931. Cells oval or broadly egg-shaped, flattened, rigid, and 45-48 x 35-37 microns, thickness about 23 microns Ventral side is flat and the dorsal side is convex with 3 longitudinal keels. Flagellum about 1.5 times cell length. Vacuole is in right of the basis of the opening. There are a lot of roundish pellets (reserve substance).

Dolium (dough-lee-um) is so far only reported from marine habitats. This is the only known heterotrophic euglenid which does not swim around. It is usually found attached to the substrate by the tapered posterior end. Two flagella arise in the flagellar pocket, but only one emerges. Most usually with diatoms inside, method of feeding is not known. Seems to be more common in slightly anoxic sites. Differential interference contrast.

Dolium (doe-lee-um) sedentarium Larsen and Patterson, 1990. Cells are vase-shaped, about 37 - 43 microns long, rigid and slightly flattened, with an anterior end opened with an anterior depression in front of flagellar canal and a pointed posterior end. Cytoplasm is hyaline. The cells are with three longitudinal ridges on the dorsal side and three on the ventral side. The ventral ridges are more delicate than those on the dorsal side. One emergent flagellum is about the cell length and beats slowly, and two flagellar basal bodies are visible in the flagellar reservoir. One contractile vacuole is located near the reservoir. The nucleus is located laterally and below the reservoir. The cells contain large numbers of granular bodies. The cells attach to the substrate with the pointed posterior tip of the cell and appear to be sessile. Swimming or gliding forms were not seen. Not often found, but relatively frequent in some locations.

Dolium sedentarium Larsen and Patterson, 1990. Cells are vase-shaped, about 37 - 43 microns long, rigid and slightly flattened, with an anterior end opened with an anterior depression in front of flagellar canal and a pointed posterior end. Cytoplasm is hyaline. The cells have three longitudinal ridges on the dorsal side and three on the ventral side. The ventral ridges are more delicate than those on the dorsal side. One emergent flagellum is about the cell length and beats slowly, and two flagellar basal bodies are visible in the flagellar reservoir. One contractile vacuole is located near the reservoir. The nucleus is located laterally and below the reservoir. The cells contain large numbers of granular bodies. The cells attach to the substrate with the pointed posterior tip of the cell and appear to be sessile. Swimming or gliding forms were not seen.

Videos of single cell from One Tree Island in the Great Barrier Reef.

Euglenopsis zabra Norris, 1961. Cells colourless, cylindrical, usually with a more or less pointed posterior end. A wide shallow groove extending only a short distance is present at the anterior end of the cell. A single flagellum approximately as long as the cell emerged from the center of the groove. The flagellar pocket is small and very difficult to see. Striations are not evident on the periplast. The protoplast contained a large number of small granules and one very large golden granule that was probably an ingested food body. The nucleus is near the base of the flagellar pocket. The cells are only slightly metabolic and swim slowly, rotating and with the flagellum directed forward. Length of cell 18 to 23. microns, width 5 to 10 microns

Notosolenus (no-toe-so-lean-us) a rigid gliding euglenid. There are two flagella arising within the flagellar pocket, one projects out the front and is easy to see, the other is usually short, directed to the rear, and difficult to see - except perhaps when the cells are turning, as in this case. With a mouth. Consume algae. Phase contrast.

Notosolenus (no-toe-so-lean-us) a rigid gliding euglenid. There are two flagella arising within the flagellar pocket, one projects out the front and is easy to see, the other is usually short, directed to the rear, and difficult to see - except perhaps when the cells are turning. It can be seen in this image to the right. With a mouth. Consume algae. Differential interference contrast.

Gliding notosolenus, the anterior flagellum is to the right in the image. It emerges from the cell at the front where there is a small collar. A shorter flagellum trails behind the cell. Phase contrast microscopy.

Notosolenus orbicularis Stokes Cells oval, flattened, in front and in the back rounded off, and 10-12 microns long, Dorsal groove broad. Anterior flagellum about 1.5 times and posterior flagellum about 0.5 times cell length.

Notosolenus (no-toe-so-lean-us) a rigid gliding euglenid. This species, Notosolenus ostium one of the more easily recognised and common species (the deep longitudinal groove is the diagnostic feature). There are two flagella arising within the flagellar pocket, one projects out the front and is easy to see, the other is usually short, directed to the rear, and difficult to see - except perhaps when the cells are turning. With a mouth. Consume algae. Phase contrast.

Notosolenus (no-toe-so-lean-us) a rigid gliding euglenid. This species, Notosolenus ostium one of the more easily recognised and common species (the deep longitudinal groove is the diagnostic feature). There are two flagella arising within the flagellar pocket, one projects out the front and is easy to see, the other is usually short, directed to the rear, and difficult to see - except perhaps when the cells are turning. With a mouth. Consume algae. Phase contrast.

Notosolenus (no-toe-so-lean-us) a rigid gliding euglenid. This species, Notosolenus ostium one of the more easily recognised and common species (the deep longitudinal groove is the diagnostic feature). There are two flagella arising within the flagellar pocket, one projects out the front and is easy to see, the other is usually short, directed to the rear, and difficult to see - except perhaps when the cells are turning. With a mouth. Consume algae. Phase contrast

Notosolenus (note-owe-so-lean-us) ostium Larsen and Patterson, 1990. Cells are 18 - 65 microns long and have a small ingestion organelle, which is obliquely oriented and visible on the ventral face of the cell. The cells have a longitudinal dorsal groove and are slightly concave on the ventral face. The cells are with dorsally a median longitudinal groove, and ventrally a wide groove and four fine stripes. Two flagella emerge from the flagellar canal and are in unequal length. The anterior flagellum is about 1 - 1.5 times the length of the cell and the posterior flagellum is about 0.2 to 0.6 times the length of the cell. The organism contained eukaryotic algal food up to 8 microns long. The reservoir is anteriorly situated in the right side of the cell and the nucleus in the left side. Common in late cultures.

Notosolenus ostium Larsen and Patterson, 1990. Cells are 18 - 65 microns long and have a small ingestion organelle, which is obliquely oriented and visible on the ventral face of the cell. The cells have a longitudinal dorsal groove and are slightly concave on the ventral face which has a wide groove and four fine stripes. Two flagella emerge from the flagellar canal and are in unequal length. The anterior flagellum is about 1 - 1.5 times the length of the cell and the posterior flagellum is about 0.2 to 0.6 times the length of the cell. The reservoir is near the front in the right side of the cell and the nucleus is to the left.

Notosolenus ostium. Cell feeding on the plastid of a diatom - observed in sandy and muddy marine sediments in the vicinity of Broome, Western Australia in September 2003. This image was taken using phase contrast optics.   This work was supported by the Australian Biological Resources Study.

Notosolenus ostium. Cell observed in sandy and muddy marine sediments in the vicinity of Broome, Western Australia in September 2003. This image was taken using phase contrast optics.   This work was supported by the Australian Biological Resources Study.

Notosolenus ostium. Image of cell observed in sandy and muddy marine sediments in the vicinity of Broome, Western Australia in September 2003 showing the short recurrent flagellum. This image was taken using phase contrast optics.   This work was supported by the Australian Biological Resources Study.

Notosolenus chelonides Skuja, 1939. Cells rigid, oval or broadly egg-shaped, flattened. The cells are 27-35 x 19-28 microns and 10-14 microns thick. Dorsal side strongly convex with 3-4 very strong, high longitudinal keels, which converge forward. Ventral side flat and concave, with an twisted longitudinal furrow. Anterior flagellum approximately cell length and posterior flagellum 0.5-0.6 times cell length. Cytoplasm hyaline, with rather large, round paramylon granules. Large nucleus in left-central part of the cell.