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Verrucaria nigrescens Pers., syn.: Zschackea nigrescens (Pers.) M. Choisy & Werner, Verrucaria umbrina var. nigrescens (Pers.) Ach., Verrucaria rupestris var. nigrescens (Pers.) Branth & Rostr., Tichothecium nigrescens (Pers.) Flot., Lithoicea tectorum A. Massal..Family: Verrucariaceae ZenkerEN: Black Pit Lichen, DE: Schwarze Mauerkruste, Schwrzliche WarzenflechteSlo.: no name foundDat.: April 22. 2021Lat.: 46.35910 Long.: 13.70411Code: Bot_1360/2021-DSC06774 Habitat: Light mountain Fagus sylvatica forest, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect, calcareous, colluvial ground, in half shade, partly protected from direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bare calcareous rock.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa, above the main road and the river near Matev farmhouse, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Verrucaria nigrescens is a very common, circumglobal lichen growing mostly on calcareous rocks. It is common in the Trenta valley too. Its thallus is superficial, not immersed into the rock (endolithic) as with many other Verrucaria species and relatively thick (0.3 - 0.5 mm). From far it looks like a black tar stain frequent on coastal rocks. From close one can see that the thallus is cracked into fine, irregular areoles, which are smaller than 1 mm. In the cracks among them black prothallus can be seen. Some of the areoles show the upper most part of immersed perithecia. When the thallus is wet it looks quite differently. The cracks in the thallus disappear and the perithecia tips look differently than in the dry state. Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 456.(2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 953.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 967.
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Verrucaria nigrescens Pers., syn.: Zschackea nigrescens (Pers.) M. Choisy & Werner, Verrucaria umbrina var. nigrescens (Pers.) Ach., Verrucaria rupestris var. nigrescens (Pers.) Branth & Rostr., Tichothecium nigrescens (Pers.) Flot., Lithoicea tectorum A. Massal..Family: Verrucariaceae ZenkerEN: Black Pit Lichen, DE: Schwarze Mauerkruste, Schwrzliche WarzenflechteSlo.: no name foundDat.: April 22. 2021Lat.: 46.35910 Long.: 13.70411Code: Bot_1360/2021-DSC06774 Habitat: Light mountain Fagus sylvatica forest, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect, calcareous, colluvial ground, in half shade, partly protected from direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bare calcareous rock.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa, above the main road and the river near Matev farmhouse, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Verrucaria nigrescens is a very common, circumglobal lichen growing mostly on calcareous rocks. It is common in the Trenta valley too. Its thallus is superficial, not immersed into the rock (endolithic) as with many other Verrucaria species and relatively thick (0.3 - 0.5 mm). From far it looks like a black tar stain frequent on coastal rocks. From close one can see that the thallus is cracked into fine, irregular areoles, which are smaller than 1 mm. In the cracks among them black prothallus can be seen. Some of the areoles show the upper most part of immersed perithecia. When the thallus is wet it looks quite differently. The cracks in the thallus disappear and the perithecia tips look differently than in the dry state. Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 456.(2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 953.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 967.
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Verrucaria nigrescens Pers., syn.: Zschackea nigrescens (Pers.) M. Choisy & Werner, Verrucaria umbrina var. nigrescens (Pers.) Ach., Verrucaria rupestris var. nigrescens (Pers.) Branth & Rostr., Tichothecium nigrescens (Pers.) Flot., Lithoicea tectorum A. Massal..Family: Verrucariaceae ZenkerEN: Black Pit Lichen, DE: Schwarze Mauerkruste, Schwrzliche WarzenflechteSlo.: no name foundDat.: April 22. 2021Lat.: 46.35910 Long.: 13.70411Code: Bot_1360/2021-DSC06774 Habitat: Light mountain Fagus sylvatica forest, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect, calcareous, colluvial ground, in half shade, partly protected from direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bare calcareous rock.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa, above the main road and the river near Matev farmhouse, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Verrucaria nigrescens is a very common, circumglobal lichen growing mostly on calcareous rocks. It is common in the Trenta valley too. Its thallus is superficial, not immersed into the rock (endolithic) as with many other Verrucaria species and relatively thick (0.3 - 0.5 mm). From far it looks like a black tar stain frequent on coastal rocks. From close one can see that the thallus is cracked into fine, irregular areoles, which are smaller than 1 mm. In the cracks among them black prothallus can be seen. Some of the areoles show the upper most part of immersed perithecia. When the thallus is wet it looks quite differently. The cracks in the thallus disappear and the perithecia tips look differently than in the dry state. Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 456.(2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 953.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 967.
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Sant'Eufemia a Maiella, Abruzzi, Italy
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Sant'Eufemia a Maiella, Abruzzi, Italy
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Edgewood, Florida, United States
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Edgewood, Florida, United States
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Edgewood, Florida, United States
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Candelariella xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Lettau, syn.: Caloplaca xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) H. Olivier, Candelariella lutella (Vain.) Rsnen, Gyalolechia vitellina var. xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth, Lecanora xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Rhl.(species of) Goldspeck Lichen, Yolk Lichen, DE: ?Slo.: ? Dat.: Jan. 14. 2018Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.702619Code: Bot_1105/2018_DSC0288 Habitat: natural tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of smaller branches of almost stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Candelariella xanthostigma is a tiny, common lichen. Its apothecia measure less than 1 mm in diameter. So, it is easy to overlook it. To use a hand lens for observation is a must. The species can be recognized by its yellow or yellow-greenish thallus, which consists of tiny corticated granules and yellow apothecia (if present). It grows on broadleaf tree bark. However, there exist several similar minute, yellow species, hence a mistake in determination cannot be excluded. Observing asci, which are 12- to 32-spored in Candelariella xanthostigma would make the determination reliable. Several specimens were found on this tree, mostly on thinner branches. Most of them were sterile (yellow granules only).Ref.:(1) C.W. Smith, et al, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 278.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 206.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 247.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 113.(5)
www.researchgate.net/publication/259591560_A_conspectus_o... (accessed Feb. 13. 2018) (6)
www.thm.de/lse/fachbereich/team/professoren/singlearticle... (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)(7)
www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/Candelariella/NIKB0666 (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)
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Candelariella xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Lettau, syn.: Caloplaca xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) H. Olivier, Candelariella lutella (Vain.) Rsnen, Gyalolechia vitellina var. xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth, Lecanora xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Rhl.(species of) Goldspeck Lichen, Yolk Lichen, DE: ?Slo.: ? Dat.: Jan. 11.2018Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.702619Code: Bot_1102/2018_DSC9988Habitat: natural tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of smaller branches of almost stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Candelariella xanthostigma is a tiny, common lichen. Its apothecia measure less than 1 mm in diameter. So, it is easy to overlook it. To use a hand lens for observation is a must. The species can be recognized by its yellow or yellow-greenish thallus, which consists of tiny corticated granules and yellow apothecia (if present). It grows on broadleaf tree bark. However, there exist several similar minute, yellow species, hence a mistake in determination cannot be excluded. Observing asci, which are 12- to 32-spored in Candelariella xanthostigma would make the determination reliable. Several specimens were found on this tree, mostly on thinner branches. Most of them were sterile (yellow granules only).Ref.:(1) C.W. Smith, et al, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 278.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 206.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 247.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 113.(5)
www.researchgate.net/publication/259591560_A_conspectus_o... (accessed Feb. 13. 2018) (6)
www.thm.de/lse/fachbereich/team/professoren/singlearticle... (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)(7)
www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/Candelariella/NIKB0666 (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)
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Candelariella xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Lettau, syn.: Caloplaca xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) H. Olivier, Candelariella lutella (Vain.) Rsnen, Gyalolechia vitellina var. xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth, Lecanora xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Rhl.(species of) Goldspeck Lichen, Yolk Lichen, DE: ?Slo.: ? Dat.: Jan. 14. 2018Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.702619Code: Bot_1105/2018_DSC0288 Habitat: natural tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of smaller branches of almost stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Candelariella xanthostigma is a tiny, common lichen. Its apothecia measure less than 1 mm in diameter. So, it is easy to overlook it. To use a hand lens for observation is a must. The species can be recognized by its yellow or yellow-greenish thallus, which consists of tiny corticated granules and yellow apothecia (if present). It grows on broadleaf tree bark. However, there exist several similar minute, yellow species, hence a mistake in determination cannot be excluded. Observing asci, which are 12- to 32-spored in Candelariella xanthostigma would make the determination reliable. Several specimens were found on this tree, mostly on thinner branches. Most of them were sterile (yellow granules only).Ref.:(1) C.W. Smith, et al, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 278.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 206.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 247.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 113.(5)
www.researchgate.net/publication/259591560_A_conspectus_o... (accessed Feb. 13. 2018) (6)
www.thm.de/lse/fachbereich/team/professoren/singlearticle... (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)(7)
www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/Candelariella/NIKB0666 (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)
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Candelariella xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Lettau, syn.: Caloplaca xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) H. Olivier, Candelariella lutella (Vain.) Rsnen, Gyalolechia vitellina var. xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth, Lecanora xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Rhl.(species of) Goldspeck Lichen, Yolk Lichen, DE: ?Slo.: ? Dat.: Jan. 14. 2018Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.702619Code: Bot_1105/2018_DSC0288 Habitat: natural tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of smaller branches of almost stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Candelariella xanthostigma is a tiny, common lichen. Its apothecia measure less than 1 mm in diameter. So, it is easy to overlook it. To use a hand lens for observation is a must. The species can be recognized by its yellow or yellow-greenish thallus, which consists of tiny corticated granules and yellow apothecia (if present). It grows on broadleaf tree bark. However, there exist several similar minute, yellow species, hence a mistake in determination cannot be excluded. Observing asci, which are 12- to 32-spored in Candelariella xanthostigma would make the determination reliable. Several specimens were found on this tree, mostly on thinner branches. Most of them were sterile (yellow granules only).Ref.:(1) C.W. Smith, et al, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 278.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 206.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 247.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 113.(5)
www.researchgate.net/publication/259591560_A_conspectus_o... (accessed Feb. 13. 2018) (6)
www.thm.de/lse/fachbereich/team/professoren/singlearticle... (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)(7)
www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/Candelariella/NIKB0666 (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)
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Candelariella xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Lettau, syn.: Caloplaca xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) H. Olivier, Candelariella lutella (Vain.) Rsnen, Gyalolechia vitellina var. xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth, Lecanora xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Rhl.(species of) Goldspeck Lichen, Yolk Lichen, DE: ?Slo.: ? Dat.: Jan. 11.2018Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.702619Code: Bot_1102/2018_DSC9949Habitat: natural tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of smaller branches of almost stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Candelariella xanthostigma is a tiny, common lichen. Its apothecia measure less than 1 mm in diameter. So, it is easy to overlook it. To use a hand lens for observation is a must. The species can be recognized by its yellow or yellow-greenish thallus, which consists of tiny corticated granules and yellow apothecia (if present). It grows on broadleaf tree bark. However, there exist several similar minute, yellow species, hence a mistake in determination cannot be excluded. Observing asci, which are 12- to 32-spored in Candelariella xanthostigma would make the determination reliable. Several specimens were found on this tree, mostly on thinner branches. Most of them were sterile (yellow granules only).Ref.:(1) C.W. Smith, et al, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 278.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 206.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 247.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 113.(5)
www.researchgate.net/publication/259591560_A_conspectus_o... (accessed Feb. 13. 2018) (6)
www.thm.de/lse/fachbereich/team/professoren/singlearticle... (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)(7)
www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/Candelariella/NIKB0666 (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)
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This one had me stumped for quite a while. I now think it could be a Paecilomyces species, most likely Paecilomyces tenuipes as that is the species recorded in Tasmania. Fuhrer states in his field guide that it parasitises beetle larvae. As you can see, there were two of them "growing" on this fern tree trunk.Photographed by my husband, Chris Ryan, in the Botanical Garden Reserve at Straun, on the Hogarth Falls walk.
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Encoelia furfuracea (Roth) P. Karst., syn.: Cenangium furfuraceum (Roth) De Not., Peziza furfuracea Roth, Phibalis furfuracea (Roth) Wallr.,Family: Sclerotiniaceae.EN: Spring Hazelcup, DE: Hasel-Kleiebecherling, Gewhnlicher HaselbecherlingSlo.: mekinasta mehurevkaDat.: April 27. 2021Lat.: 46.35948 Long.: 13.70049Code: Bot_1362/2021_DSC2218Habitat: Former mountain pasture, now densely overgrown with bushes and small trees, Corylus avellana, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus dominant; slightly incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground, shallow soil layer; mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, rotten but still in bark, 2.5 cm diameter branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa, between Trenta 2b cottage and abandoned farmhouse, Soa 48; right bank of the Skokar ravine; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Many sporocarps present on a piece of branch about 1m long; growing mostly in groups of several 'cups' but some also solitary; in case of many, cups dense and irregularly shapeed, confluent at the base, diameter from 0.8 cm to 1.8 cm, taste and smell indistinctive, SP abundant, whitish-yellow, oac 892. Spores cylindrical with rounded ends, smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (8,6) 9,2 - 11,1 (11,6) (2,1) 2,2 - 2,7 (2,9) m; Q = (3,2) 3,7 - 4,5 (4,9); N = 37; Me = 10,1 2,5 m; Qe = 4,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) M.W. Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014),(2) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1,2., Princeton University Press (2019), p 1408. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 99.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984),
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Encoelia furfuracea (Roth) P. Karst., syn.: Cenangium furfuraceum (Roth) De Not., Peziza furfuracea Roth, Phibalis furfuracea (Roth) Wallr.,Family: Sclerotiniaceae.EN: Spring Hazelcup, DE: Hasel-Kleiebecherling, Gewhnlicher HaselbecherlingSlo.: mekinasta mehurevkaDat.: April 27. 2021Lat.: 46.35948 Long.: 13.70049Code: Bot_1362/2021_DSC2218Habitat: Former mountain pasture, now densely overgrown with bushes and small trees, Corylus avellana, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus dominant; slightly incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground, shallow soil layer; mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, rotten but still in bark, 2.5 cm diameter branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa, between Trenta 2b cottage and abandoned farmhouse, Soa 48; right bank of the Skokar ravine; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Many sporocarps present on a piece of branch about 1m long; growing mostly in groups of several 'cups' but some also solitary; in case of many, cups dense and irregularly shapeed, confluent at the base, diameter from 0.8 cm to 1.8 cm, taste and smell indistinctive, SP abundant, whitish-yellow, oac 892. Spores cylindrical with rounded ends, smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (8,6) 9,2 - 11,1 (11,6) (2,1) 2,2 - 2,7 (2,9) m; Q = (3,2) 3,7 - 4,5 (4,9); N = 37; Me = 10,1 2,5 m; Qe = 4,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) M.W. Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014),(2) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1,2., Princeton University Press (2019), p 1408. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 99.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984),
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Encoelia furfuracea (Roth) P. Karst., syn.: Cenangium furfuraceum (Roth) De Not., Peziza furfuracea Roth, Phibalis furfuracea (Roth) Wallr.,Family: Sclerotiniaceae.EN: Spring Hazelcup, DE: Hasel-Kleiebecherling, Gewhnlicher HaselbecherlingSlo.: mekinasta mehurevkaDat.: April 27. 2021Lat.: 46.35948 Long.: 13.70049Code: Bot_1362/2021_DSC2218Habitat: Former mountain pasture, now densely overgrown with bushes and small trees, Corylus avellana, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus dominant; slightly incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground, shallow soil layer; mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, rotten but still in bark, 2.5 cm diameter branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa, between Trenta 2b cottage and abandoned farmhouse, Soa 48; right bank of the Skokar ravine; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Many sporocarps present on a piece of branch about 1m long; growing mostly in groups of several 'cups' but some also solitary; in case of many, cups dense and irregularly shapeed, confluent at the base, diameter from 0.8 cm to 1.8 cm, taste and smell indistinctive, SP abundant, whitish-yellow, oac 892. Spores cylindrical with rounded ends, smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (8,6) 9,2 - 11,1 (11,6) (2,1) 2,2 - 2,7 (2,9) m; Q = (3,2) 3,7 - 4,5 (4,9); N = 37; Me = 10,1 2,5 m; Qe = 4,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) M.W. Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014),(2) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1,2., Princeton University Press (2019), p 1408. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 99.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984),
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Encoelia furfuracea (Roth) P. Karst., syn.: Cenangium furfuraceum (Roth) De Not., Peziza furfuracea Roth, Phibalis furfuracea (Roth) Wallr.,Family: Sclerotiniaceae.EN: Spring Hazelcup, DE: Hasel-Kleiebecherling, Gewhnlicher HaselbecherlingSlo.: mekinasta mehurevkaDat.: April 27. 2021Lat.: 46.35948 Long.: 13.70049Code: Bot_1362/2021_DSC2218Habitat: Former mountain pasture, now densely overgrown with bushes and small trees, Corylus avellana, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus dominant; slightly incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground, shallow soil layer; mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, rotten but still in bark, 2.5 cm diameter branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa, between Trenta 2b cottage and abandoned farmhouse, Soa 48; right bank of the Skokar ravine; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Many sporocarps present on a piece of branch about 1m long; growing mostly in groups of several 'cups' but some also solitary; in case of many, cups dense and irregularly shapeed, confluent at the base, diameter from 0.8 cm to 1.8 cm, taste and smell indistinctive, SP abundant, whitish-yellow, oac 892. Spores cylindrical with rounded ends, smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (8,6) 9,2 - 11,1 (11,6) (2,1) 2,2 - 2,7 (2,9) m; Q = (3,2) 3,7 - 4,5 (4,9); N = 37; Me = 10,1 2,5 m; Qe = 4,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) M.W. Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014),(2) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1,2., Princeton University Press (2019), p 1408. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 99.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984),
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Encoelia furfuracea (Roth) P. Karst., syn.: Cenangium furfuraceum (Roth) De Not., Peziza furfuracea Roth, Phibalis furfuracea (Roth) Wallr.,Family: Sclerotiniaceae.EN: Spring Hazelcup, DE: Hasel-Kleiebecherling, Gewhnlicher HaselbecherlingSlo.: mekinasta mehurevkaDat.: April 27. 2021Lat.: 46.35948 Long.: 13.70049Code: Bot_1362/2021_DSC2218Habitat: Former mountain pasture, now densely overgrown with bushes and small trees, Corylus avellana, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus dominant; slightly incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground, shallow soil layer; mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, rotten but still in bark, 2.5 cm diameter branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa, between Trenta 2b cottage and abandoned farmhouse, Soa 48; right bank of the Skokar ravine; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Many sporocarps present on a piece of branch about 1m long; growing mostly in groups of several 'cups' but some also solitary; in case of many, cups dense and irregularly shapeed, confluent at the base, diameter from 0.8 cm to 1.8 cm, taste and smell indistinctive, SP abundant, whitish-yellow, oac 892. Spores cylindrical with rounded ends, smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (8,6) 9,2 - 11,1 (11,6) (2,1) 2,2 - 2,7 (2,9) m; Q = (3,2) 3,7 - 4,5 (4,9); N = 37; Me = 10,1 2,5 m; Qe = 4,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) M.W. Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014),(2) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1,2., Princeton University Press (2019), p 1408. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 99.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984),
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Encoelia furfuracea (Roth) P. Karst., syn.: Cenangium furfuraceum (Roth) De Not., Peziza furfuracea Roth, Phibalis furfuracea (Roth) Wallr.,Family: Sclerotiniaceae.EN: Spring Hazelcup, DE: Hasel-Kleiebecherling, Gewhnlicher HaselbecherlingSlo.: mekinasta mehurevkaDat.: April 27. 2021Lat.: 46.35948 Long.: 13.70049Code: Bot_1362/2021_DSC2218Habitat: Former mountain pasture, now densely overgrown with bushes and small trees, Corylus avellana, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus dominant; slightly incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground, shallow soil layer; mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, rotten but still in bark, 2.5 cm diameter branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa, between Trenta 2b cottage and abandoned farmhouse, Soa 48; right bank of the Skokar ravine; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Many sporocarps present on a piece of branch about 1m long; growing mostly in groups of several 'cups' but some also solitary; in case of many, cups dense and irregularly shapeed, confluent at the base, diameter from 0.8 cm to 1.8 cm, taste and smell indistinctive, SP abundant, whitish-yellow, oac 892. Spores cylindrical with rounded ends, smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (8,6) 9,2 - 11,1 (11,6) (2,1) 2,2 - 2,7 (2,9) m; Q = (3,2) 3,7 - 4,5 (4,9); N = 37; Me = 10,1 2,5 m; Qe = 4,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) M.W. Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014),(2) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1,2., Princeton University Press (2019), p 1408. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 99.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984),
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Encoelia furfuracea (Roth) P. Karst., syn.: Cenangium furfuraceum (Roth) De Not., Peziza furfuracea Roth, Phibalis furfuracea (Roth) Wallr.,Family: Sclerotiniaceae.EN: Spring Hazelcup, DE: Hasel-Kleiebecherling, Gewhnlicher HaselbecherlingSlo.: mekinasta mehurevkaDat.: April 27. 2021Lat.: 46.35948 Long.: 13.70049Code: Bot_1362/2021_DSC2218Habitat: Former mountain pasture, now densely overgrown with bushes and small trees, Corylus avellana, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus dominant; slightly incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground, shallow soil layer; mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, rotten but still in bark, 2.5 cm diameter branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa, between Trenta 2b cottage and abandoned farmhouse, Soa 48; right bank of the Skokar ravine; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Many sporocarps present on a piece of branch about 1m long; growing mostly in groups of several 'cups' but some also solitary; in case of many, cups dense and irregularly shapeed, confluent at the base, diameter from 0.8 cm to 1.8 cm, taste and smell indistinctive, SP abundant, whitish-yellow, oac 892. Spores cylindrical with rounded ends, smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (8,6) 9,2 - 11,1 (11,6) (2,1) 2,2 - 2,7 (2,9) m; Q = (3,2) 3,7 - 4,5 (4,9); N = 37; Me = 10,1 2,5 m; Qe = 4,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) M.W. Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014),(2) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1,2., Princeton University Press (2019), p 1408. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 99.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984),
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Encoelia furfuracea (Roth) P. Karst., syn.: Cenangium furfuraceum (Roth) De Not., Peziza furfuracea Roth, Phibalis furfuracea (Roth) Wallr.,Family: Sclerotiniaceae.EN: Spring Hazelcup, DE: Hasel-Kleiebecherling, Gewhnlicher HaselbecherlingSlo.: mekinasta mehurevkaDat.: April 27. 2021Lat.: 46.35948 Long.: 13.70049Code: Bot_1362/2021_DSC2218Habitat: Former mountain pasture, now densely overgrown with bushes and small trees, Corylus avellana, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus dominant; slightly incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground, shallow soil layer; mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, rotten but still in bark, 2.5 cm diameter branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa, between Trenta 2b cottage and abandoned farmhouse, Soa 48; right bank of the Skokar ravine; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Many sporocarps present on a piece of branch about 1m long; growing mostly in groups of several 'cups' but some also solitary; in case of many, cups dense and irregularly shapeed, confluent at the base, diameter from 0.8 cm to 1.8 cm, taste and smell indistinctive, SP abundant, whitish-yellow, oac 892. Spores cylindrical with rounded ends, smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (8,6) 9,2 - 11,1 (11,6) (2,1) 2,2 - 2,7 (2,9) m; Q = (3,2) 3,7 - 4,5 (4,9); N = 37; Me = 10,1 2,5 m; Qe = 4,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) M.W. Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014),(2) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1,2., Princeton University Press (2019), p 1408. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 99.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984),