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Paraparap, Victoria, Australia
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Ascocoryne cylichnium Purple JellydiscSlo.: vijoliasta elatinkaDate: Nov. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.35813 Long.: 13.69517Code: Bot_400/2009-0620Habitat: Beach wood, steep southeast faced mountain slope, calcareous ground, in shade and protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 700 m (2.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: rotten trunk of a large Fagus sylvatica laying on ground.Place: Upper hunters trail from Na Melu place to Lemovje settlement, Trenta valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECRef.:
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Ascocoryne_cylichnium.htm
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Ascocoryne cylichnium Purple JellydiscSlo.: vijoliasta elatinkaDate: Nov. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.35813 Long.: 13.69517Code: Bot_400/2009-0620Habitat: Beach wood, steep southeast faced mountain slope, calcareous ground, in shade and protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 700 m (2.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: rotten trunk of a large Fagus sylvatica laying on ground.Place: Upper hunters trail from Na Melu place to Lemovje settlement, Trenta valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECRef.:
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Ascocoryne_cylichnium.htm
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Ascocoryne cylichnium Purple JellydiscSlo.: vijoliasta elatinkaDate: Nov. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.35813 Long.: 13.69517Code: Bot_400/2009-0620Habitat: Beach wood, steep southeast faced mountain slope, calcareous ground, in shade and protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 700 m (2.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: rotten trunk of a large Fagus sylvatica laying on ground.Place: Upper hunters trail from Na Melu place to Lemovje settlement, Trenta valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECRef.:
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Ascocoryne_cylichnium.htm
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This foliose lichen at center/top seems to best resemble Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca (Sm.) Zopf. As with many/most species of non-vascular plants, this lichen doesn't seem to have a common name. Since "Chryso" means white or whitish (referring no doubt to the thallus), and "leuca" means gold (referring to no doubt to the apothecia which can be pale orange to bright orange or perhaps also to the well-defined rimmed, i.e. lecanorine, apothecia), I have coined a not terribly clever non-scientific name for it in the caption.At the center/bottom, there seems to be a second species of lichen with the one above sometimes poking through; note the greenish to light olive colored apothecia which aren't described for Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca and unless it is a developmental stage, the lichen below might be Rhizoplaca melanophthalma.A third, small, physiod lichen species is at center-right (and there are others, e.g. the yellowish specks).On the right side, the dessicated moss along as well as the one immediately to its right are Pterygoneurum ovatum. At the center-right is a bit of Syntrhicia ruralis.January 10, 2013, Salt Lake County foothills, Utah, approx. 4800 ft., growing on quartzite rock outcrops.
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Sandalwood Mobile Home Park, Florida, United States
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West Trailer Park Mobile Home Park, Florida, United States
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Cypress Knee Cove Mobile Home Park, Florida, United States
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Rock Springs Mobile Home Park, Florida, United States
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Psora decipiensBlushing scaleDate: August 28. 2009Lat.: 46.43964 Long.: 13.64509Code: Bot_374/2009-2858Habitat: Dry upland grassland, open space, plain ground, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, elevation 1.960 m (6.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Shallow mossy soil covering calcareous rock.Place: Mangarts flats, west of Mt. Mangart, m (feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECReferences:- F. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmond Publ. (2005), p372 - V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer, Vol. 1.and 2.(1995), p787.- I. Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p599.- V. Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p116.Comments: Wirth considers this species as a rare one.
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Psora decipiensBlushing scaleDate: August 28. 2009Lat.: 46.43964 Long.: 13.64509Code: Bot_374/2009-2858Habitat: Dry upland grassland, open space, plain ground, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, elevation 1.960 m (6.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Shallow mossy soil covering calcareous rock.Place: Mangarts flats, west of Mt. Mangart, m (feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECReferences:- F. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmond Publ. (2005), p372 - V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer, Vol. 1.and 2.(1995), p787.- I. Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p599.- V. Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p116.Comments: Wirth considers this species as a rare one.
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Psora decipiensBlushing scaleDate: August 28. 2009Lat.: 46.43964 Long.: 13.64509Code: Bot_374/2009-2858Habitat: Dry upland grassland, open space, plain ground, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, elevation 1.960 m (6.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Shallow mossy soil covering calcareous rock.Place: Mangarts flats, west of Mt. Mangart, m (feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECReferences:- F. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmond Publ. (2005), p372 - V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer, Vol. 1.and 2.(1995), p787.- I. Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p599.- V. Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p116.Comments: Wirth considers this species as a rare one.
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Psora decipiensBlushing scaleDate: August 28. 2009Lat.: 46.43964 Long.: 13.64509Code: Bot_374/2009-2858Habitat: Dry upland grassland, open space, plain ground, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, elevation 1.960 m (6.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Shallow mossy soil covering calcareous rock.Place: Mangarts flats, west of Mt. Mangart, m (feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECReferences:- F. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmond Publ. (2005), p372 - V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer, Vol. 1.and 2.(1995), p787.- I. Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p599.- V. Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p116.Comments: Wirth considers this species as a rare one.
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Psora decipiensBlushing scaleDate: August 28. 2009Lat.: 46.43964 Long.: 13.64509Code: Bot_374/2009-2858Habitat: Dry upland grassland, open space, plain ground, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, elevation 1.960 m (6.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Shallow mossy soil covering calcareous rock.Place: Mangarts flats, west of Mt. Mangart, m (feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECReferences:- F. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmond Publ. (2005), p372 - V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer, Vol. 1.and 2.(1995), p787.- I. Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p599.- V. Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p116.Comments: Wirth considers this species as a rare one.
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Psora decipiensBlushing scaleDate: August 28. 2009Lat.: 46.43964 Long.: 13.64509Code: Bot_374/2009-2858Habitat: Dry upland grassland, open space, plain ground, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, elevation 1.960 m (6.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Shallow mossy soil covering calcareous rock.Place: Mangarts flats, west of Mt. Mangart, m (feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECReferences:- F. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmond Publ. (2005), p372 - V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer, Vol. 1.and 2.(1995), p787.- I. Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p599.- V. Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p116.Comments: Wirth considers this species as a rare one.
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Xanthoria aureola (Ach.) Erichsen, Syn: Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Xanthoria parietina var. ectanea auct. brit, Parmelia aureola Ach., Physcia aureola (Ach.) Linds., Xanthoria parietina f. aureola (Ach.) P. Syd.EN: no name found, DE: no name found Slo.: no name found Dat.: June 19. 2010Lat.: 44.36963 Long.: 14.77644Code: Bot_431/2010_DSC3098 Habitat: dry stony wall delimiting (mostly) abandoned fields and deserted terraced olive groves; close to sea shore; almost flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry place, full sun; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 35 m (110 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: vertical to steeply inclined surface of limestone rocks, west-southwest exposition.Place: Southwest of village Olib; next to the trail to Banjve bay; Island Olib; Kvarner bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC. Comment: This was a beautiful and interesting find. The lichen is very conspicuous because of its deep orange color and considerable size. Several specimens were found in the vicinity. Also its taxonomy is interesting. After Smith (2009) it should be named Xanthoria aureola. However, this name has been long time used (and is still so by many) for another very similar specimen Xanthoria calcicola Oxner. Many (Ref.:2) would rather call them and also do so (Ref.:3) Xanthoria ectaneoides. They claim that the name Xanthoria aureola opposes the Article 57 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Other consider this species only as a 'kind of' very common Xanthoria parietina. The result is a considerable confusion in naming. Be that as it may Xanthoria calcicola differs from Xanthoria aureola by densely isidiate central part of the thallus (see Ref.: 7) and less strap-shaped and sparsely overlapping thallus terminal lobes (Smith 2009). Smith (2009) considers this species as Western European species and GBIF map confirms this by showing most of observations along west coasts from north Scandinavia to Canary Islands and with a few exceptions in Germany (a single specimen now in herbarium Berlin), on Crete and several finds in Italy (Ref.:6). Almost all finds are close to sea shores.What puzzles me with this observation is the center of the thallus on picture 2b, upper part. The thallus is 'bumpy' there and this bumps may eventually be interpreted as isidia. I am not sure. If so, this would not fit to Xanthoria aureola. Also, Smith lists ' siliceous or, rarely, basic rock ' as a most common substratum, while Dobson 2005 doesn't list siliceous rock as an option, but eventually allows basic rock. This find was surely found on calcareous, basic rock. The lichen was photographed in completely dry state. Unfortunately, no chemical tests and microscopy have been done.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 968.(2)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_aureola.html (accessed April 3. 2018) (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 462.(4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 974.(5)
www.gbif.org/species/2609974 (accessed April 3. 2018)(6)
dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/italic/italic41 (accessed April 3. 2018)(7)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_calcicola.html (accessed April 4. 2018)
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Xanthoria aureola (Ach.) Erichsen, Syn: Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Xanthoria parietina var. ectanea auct. brit, Parmelia aureola Ach., Physcia aureola (Ach.) Linds., Xanthoria parietina f. aureola (Ach.) P. Syd.EN: no name found, DE: no name found Slo.: no name found Dat.: June 19. 2010Lat.: 44.36963 Long.: 14.77644Code: Bot_431/2010_DSC3098 Habitat: dry stony wall delimiting (mostly) abandoned fields and deserted terraced olive groves; close to sea shore; almost flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry place, full sun; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 35 m (110 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: vertical to steeply inclined surface of limestone rocks, west-southwest exposition.Place: Southwest of village Olib; next to the trail to Banjve bay; Island Olib; Kvarner bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC. Comment: This was a beautiful and interesting find. The lichen is very conspicuous because of its deep orange color and considerable size. Several specimens were found in the vicinity. Also its taxonomy is interesting. After Smith (2009) it should be named Xanthoria aureola. However, this name has been long time used (and is still so by many) for another very similar specimen Xanthoria calcicola Oxner. Many (Ref.:2) would rather call them and also do so (Ref.:3) Xanthoria ectaneoides. They claim that the name Xanthoria aureola opposes the Article 57 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Other consider this species only as a 'kind of' very common Xanthoria parietina. The result is a considerable confusion in naming. Be that as it may Xanthoria calcicola differs from Xanthoria aureola by densely isidiate central part of the thallus (see Ref.: 7) and less strap-shaped and sparsely overlapping thallus terminal lobes (Smith 2009). Smith (2009) considers this species as Western European species and GBIF map confirms this by showing most of observations along west coasts from north Scandinavia to Canary Islands and with a few exceptions in Germany (a single specimen now in herbarium Berlin), on Crete and several finds in Italy (Ref.:6). Almost all finds are close to sea shores.What puzzles me with this observation is the center of the thallus on picture 2b, upper part. The thallus is 'bumpy' there and this bumps may eventually be interpreted as isidia. I am not sure. If so, this would not fit to Xanthoria aureola. Also, Smith lists ' siliceous or, rarely, basic rock ' as a most common substratum, while Dobson 2005 doesn't list siliceous rock as an option, but eventually allows basic rock. This find was surely found on calcareous, basic rock. The lichen was photographed in completely dry state. Unfortunately, no chemical tests and microscopy have been done.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 968.(2)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_aureola.html (accessed April 3. 2018) (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 462.(4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 974.(5)
www.gbif.org/species/2609974 (accessed April 3. 2018)(6)
dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/italic/italic41 (accessed April 3. 2018)(7)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_calcicola.html (accessed April 4. 2018)
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Xanthoria aureola (Ach.) Erichsen, Syn: Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Xanthoria parietina var. ectanea auct. brit, Parmelia aureola Ach., Physcia aureola (Ach.) Linds., Xanthoria parietina f. aureola (Ach.) P. Syd.EN: no name found, DE: no name found Slo.: no name found Dat.: June 19. 2010Lat.: 44.36963 Long.: 14.77644Code: Bot_431/2010_DSC3098 Habitat: dry stony wall delimiting (mostly) abandoned fields and deserted terraced olive groves; close to sea shore; almost flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry place, full sun; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 35 m (110 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: vertical to steeply inclined surface of limestone rocks, west-southwest exposition.Place: Southwest of village Olib; next to the trail to Banjve bay; Island Olib; Kvarner bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC. Comment: This was a beautiful and interesting find. The lichen is very conspicuous because of its deep orange color and considerable size. Several specimens were found in the vicinity. Also its taxonomy is interesting. After Smith (2009) it should be named Xanthoria aureola. However, this name has been long time used (and is still so by many) for another very similar specimen Xanthoria calcicola Oxner. Many (Ref.:2) would rather call them and also do so (Ref.:3) Xanthoria ectaneoides. They claim that the name Xanthoria aureola opposes the Article 57 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Other consider this species only as a 'kind of' very common Xanthoria parietina. The result is a considerable confusion in naming. Be that as it may Xanthoria calcicola differs from Xanthoria aureola by densely isidiate central part of the thallus (see Ref.: 7) and less strap-shaped and sparsely overlapping thallus terminal lobes (Smith 2009). Smith (2009) considers this species as Western European species and GBIF map confirms this by showing most of observations along west coasts from north Scandinavia to Canary Islands and with a few exceptions in Germany (a single specimen now in herbarium Berlin), on Crete and several finds in Italy (Ref.:6). Almost all finds are close to sea shores.What puzzles me with this observation is the center of the thallus on picture 2b, upper part. The thallus is 'bumpy' there and this bumps may eventually be interpreted as isidia. I am not sure. If so, this would not fit to Xanthoria aureola. Also, Smith lists ' siliceous or, rarely, basic rock ' as a most common substratum, while Dobson 2005 doesn't list siliceous rock as an option, but eventually allows basic rock. This find was surely found on calcareous, basic rock. The lichen was photographed in completely dry state. Unfortunately, no chemical tests and microscopy have been done.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 968.(2)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_aureola.html (accessed April 3. 2018) (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 462.(4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 974.(5)
www.gbif.org/species/2609974 (accessed April 3. 2018)(6)
dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/italic/italic41 (accessed April 3. 2018)(7)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_calcicola.html (accessed April 4. 2018)
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Xanthoria aureola (Ach.) Erichsen, Syn: Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Xanthoria parietina var. ectanea auct. brit, Parmelia aureola Ach., Physcia aureola (Ach.) Linds., Xanthoria parietina f. aureola (Ach.) P. Syd.EN: no name found, DE: no name found Slo.: no name found Dat.: June 19. 2010Lat.: 44.36963 Long.: 14.77644Code: Bot_431/2010_DSC3098 Habitat: dry stony wall delimiting (mostly) abandoned fields and deserted terraced olive groves; close to sea shore; almost flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry place, full sun; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 35 m (110 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: vertical to steeply inclined surface of limestone rocks, west-southwest exposition.Place: Southwest of village Olib; next to the trail to Banjve bay; Island Olib; Kvarner bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC. Comment: This was a beautiful and interesting find. The lichen is very conspicuous because of its deep orange color and considerable size. Several specimens were found in the vicinity. Also its taxonomy is interesting. After Smith (2009) it should be named Xanthoria aureola. However, this name has been long time used (and is still so by many) for another very similar specimen Xanthoria calcicola Oxner. Many (Ref.:2) would rather call them and also do so (Ref.:3) Xanthoria ectaneoides. They claim that the name Xanthoria aureola opposes the Article 57 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Other consider this species only as a 'kind of' very common Xanthoria parietina. The result is a considerable confusion in naming. Be that as it may Xanthoria calcicola differs from Xanthoria aureola by densely isidiate central part of the thallus (see Ref.: 7) and less strap-shaped and sparsely overlapping thallus terminal lobes (Smith 2009). Smith (2009) considers this species as Western European species and GBIF map confirms this by showing most of observations along west coasts from north Scandinavia to Canary Islands and with a few exceptions in Germany (a single specimen now in herbarium Berlin), on Crete and several finds in Italy (Ref.:6). Almost all finds are close to sea shores.What puzzles me with this observation is the center of the thallus on picture 2b, upper part. The thallus is 'bumpy' there and this bumps may eventually be interpreted as isidia. I am not sure. If so, this would not fit to Xanthoria aureola. Also, Smith lists ' siliceous or, rarely, basic rock ' as a most common substratum, while Dobson 2005 doesn't list siliceous rock as an option, but eventually allows basic rock. This find was surely found on calcareous, basic rock. The lichen was photographed in completely dry state. Unfortunately, no chemical tests and microscopy have been done.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 968.(2)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_aureola.html (accessed April 3. 2018) (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 462.(4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 974.(5)
www.gbif.org/species/2609974 (accessed April 3. 2018)(6)
dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/italic/italic41 (accessed April 3. 2018)(7)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_calcicola.html (accessed April 4. 2018)
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Xanthoria aureola (Ach.) Erichsen, Syn: Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Xanthoria parietina var. ectanea auct. brit, Parmelia aureola Ach., Physcia aureola (Ach.) Linds., Xanthoria parietina f. aureola (Ach.) P. Syd.EN: no name found, DE: no name found Slo.: no name found Dat.: June 19. 2010Lat.: 44.36963 Long.: 14.77644Code: Bot_431/2010_DSC3098 Habitat: dry stony wall delimiting (mostly) abandoned fields and deserted terraced olive groves; close to sea shore; almost flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry place, full sun; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 35 m (110 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: vertical to steeply inclined surface of limestone rocks, west-southwest exposition.Place: Southwest of village Olib; next to the trail to Banjve bay; Island Olib; Kvarner bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC. Comment: This was a beautiful and interesting find. The lichen is very conspicuous because of its deep orange color and considerable size. Several specimens were found in the vicinity. Also its taxonomy is interesting. After Smith (2009) it should be named Xanthoria aureola. However, this name has been long time used (and is still so by many) for another very similar specimen Xanthoria calcicola Oxner. Many (Ref.:2) would rather call them and also do so (Ref.:3) Xanthoria ectaneoides. They claim that the name Xanthoria aureola opposes the Article 57 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Other consider this species only as a 'kind of' very common Xanthoria parietina. The result is a considerable confusion in naming. Be that as it may Xanthoria calcicola differs from Xanthoria aureola by densely isidiate central part of the thallus (see Ref.: 7) and less strap-shaped and sparsely overlapping thallus terminal lobes (Smith 2009). Smith (2009) considers this species as Western European species and GBIF map confirms this by showing most of observations along west coasts from north Scandinavia to Canary Islands and with a few exceptions in Germany (a single specimen now in herbarium Berlin), on Crete and several finds in Italy (Ref.:6). Almost all finds are close to sea shores.What puzzles me with this observation is the center of the thallus on picture 2b, upper part. The thallus is 'bumpy' there and this bumps may eventually be interpreted as isidia. I am not sure. If so, this would not fit to Xanthoria aureola. Also, Smith lists ' siliceous or, rarely, basic rock ' as a most common substratum, while Dobson 2005 doesn't list siliceous rock as an option, but eventually allows basic rock. This find was surely found on calcareous, basic rock. The lichen was photographed in completely dry state. Unfortunately, no chemical tests and microscopy have been done.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 968.(2)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_aureola.html (accessed April 3. 2018) (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 462.(4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 974.(5)
www.gbif.org/species/2609974 (accessed April 3. 2018)(6)
dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/italic/italic41 (accessed April 3. 2018)(7)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_calcicola.html (accessed April 4. 2018)