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Canale Monterano, Lazio, Italy
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Peltigera rufescensField Dog-lichenDate: May 10. 2008Lat.: 46.37966 Long.: 13.78834Code: Bot_260/2008-7818 Habitat: on top of a south oriented dirt road cut, almost full sun, dry, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet)Substratum: moss and calcareous soil encrusted base of tree stumpPlace: Zadnjica valley, halfway from terminal parking place to the end of the dirt road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECRef: C.Smith et all, The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p672I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p520V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol.2, p689
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Peltigera canina (L.) Willd., syn.: Peltigera ulorrhiza (Flrke) Roum., Peltophora canina (L.) Clem, Pulmonaria terrestris Bory. Family: PeltigeraceaeEN: Dog Lichen, DE: Echte HundsflechteSlo.: pasji liajDat.: Oct. 12. 2021Lat.: 46.34956 Long.: 13.69225Code: Bot_1412/2021_4602Habitat: River bank, light mixed forest, at the base of a steep mountain, northeast aspect, locally almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, partly in shade, relatively cold and humid air place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 525 m (1.720 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: a medium size calcareous, moss overgrown boulder.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, next to Soa trail, near Trenta 46 farmhouse, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments (pertain to pictures of Flicker album Peltigera canina): Dog lichens (genus Peltigera sp.) are large folios lichens, which often form extensive patches on ground, rocks or grassland. They grow mostly in woods but one can find them also on open places. Particularly the green ones are beautiful when moist and richly developed. To recognize them on genus level is not at all a problem. However, to determine them correctly (particularly gray-brown ones) on species level is sometimes quite a challenge, more so, if the thali are sterile that is without apothecia. The large difference in their appearance between being in dry or moist state are often striking. So, wrong determinations are quite common. Peltigera canina is a species, which is frequently confused with others, most often with very similar (and much more frequent) Peltigera membranacea. Peltigera canina can be distinguished from other species by irregular, shaggy, markedly bushy, confluent at the base, white rhizines and fuzzy tomentum on the upper side of the lobes. The underside has flattened, smooth and whitish veins (except sometimes in the middle of the thallus where they may be darker). Quite rare, roundish and very dark brown to black apothecia are also typical. Richly branched, woolly rhizines are most diagnostic (Ref.:1.) (see Fig.3a.). However, this rhizines form is not the only one present. Often several other shapes, including those common to Peltigera membranacea, are present or even dominant. Yet, no other Peltigera species has rhizines of this typical appearance than Peltigera canina.The lichen was one time used to treat rabies because the rhizines supposedly look like dogs' teeth (Ref.:4.).Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 667.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 506.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 681.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 325.
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Peltigera aphthosaCommon freckle pelt, Felt lichenLat.: 46.44481 Long.: 13.65155Date: August 04. 2009 (macro photographed at home)Habitat: Among low alpine shrubs and upland grasses, on a windy ridge, nearly vertical surface northeast faced, only partly exposed to sun and precipitations, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 1-3 deg C, elevation 2.220 m (7.280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: mossy ground Place: East ridge of Mt. Travnik, 2.200 m (7.218 feet), north part of Mt. Mangart's flats, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Dry state. Upper side.
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Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg., syn.: Omphalia pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) J. Kickx f., Peltigera zopfii GyelnikFamily: PeltigeraceaeEN: Horizontal felt lichen, Horizontal Dog Lichen, DE: Waagrechte Blattflechte, Flachfrchtige Schildflechte SI: ravnodiskni pasji liajDat.: April 13. 2019Lat.: 46.359795 Long.: 13.709177Code: Bot_1180/2019_DSC4709 Picture file names: from Peltigera-horizontalis_raw_10 to Peltigera-horizontalis_raw_16.Habitat: Riparian forest, left bank of river Soa, flat terrain; moist ground and humid air, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; calcareous ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 535 m (1755 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Mossy, heavily rotten stump of (most probably) Picea abies.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa, near farmhouse Otokar, Trenta 4, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lichens in genus Peltigera are often very beautiful. They have large foliose thalli with deep colors when moist. Sometimes they form very large patches on ground, rocks or wood, which may have more than 50 cm across. Particularly the green ones are very conspicuous. There are 15 species of this genus known in Slovenia (Ref.6). When thali are not well developed, or sterile, without apothecia, or dry their determination to species level may not be an easy task.Peltigera horizontalis is relatively rare lichen in Slovenia. Horizontal, roundish apothecia is the dominant distinguishing trait. However, white underside, interwoven with almost black mesh of veins and distinctive fasciculate (in tight bundles of fibers, particularly toward their ends) rhizines are also important in determination. The species is a good indicator of old forests.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 681.(2)
www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Peltigera%20horizontalis (accessed April 14. 2019)(3)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Peltigera_horizontalis.html (accessed April 14. 2019)(4) Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press, p 520(5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 669.(6)
members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed April 14. 2019)
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Peltigera rufescensField Dog-lichenDate: May 10. 2008Lat.: 46.37966 Long.: 13.78834Code: Bot_260/2008-7818 Habitat: on top of a south oriented dirt road cut, almost full sun, dry, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet)Substratum: moss and calcareous soil encrusted base of tree stumpPlace: Zadnjica valley, halfway from terminal parking place to the end of the dirt road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECRef: C.Smith et all, The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p672I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p520V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol.2, p689
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British Camp Hills, Worcs
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Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.Lungwort, Lung Lichen, DE: Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Oct. 15. 2016Lat.: 46.34315 Long.: 13.71151Code: Bot_1018/2016_DSC5742File names: from Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_60 to Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_69.Habitat: Mixed alpine forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; quite sunny place since the surrounding forest was mostly cut down a few years ago; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.180 m (3.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of a large Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, above village Na Skali, near the dirt road to Dol pod Plazmi place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lobaria pulmonaria is very beautiful and one of the largest lichens of Slovenia. It is the most beautiful after a few rainy days. Then dry it is brownish or dull green, but when moist it becomes shiny green. Since it is very sensitive to air pollution it is in sharp decline in Europe and hence protected in many countries. As such it is used as an indicator of rich, healthy and undisturbed ecosystems. Lobaria pulmonaria can be quite common in its ideal habitat; however, actually it is quite a rare find nowadays, particularly in low-land industrial countries. It occurs most often in shady environments. Green algae give Lobaria pulmonaria its bright green appearance. The underside of this lichen is whitish with pockets of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Hence this species is an association of three much different living beings: fungus and two kinds of algae.Its main method of reproducing is by tiny granule-like isidia or soredia, which develop on the edges of its talus (Fig. 63), eventually break off and fall on ground or in crevices of three bank, where they can grow into new lichen. Sometimes Lobaria pulmonaria also has spore-producing structures called apothecia that spread fungal spores. But apothecia are very rarely observed.Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 255.(4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 561.
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Peltigera aphthosaCommon freckle pelt, Felt lichenLat.: 46.44481 Long.: 13.65155Date: August 04. 2009 (macro photographed at home)Habitat: Among low alpine shrubs and upland grasses, on a windy ridge, nearly vertical surface northeast faced, only partly exposed to sun and precipitations, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 1-3 deg C, elevation 2.220 m (7.280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: mossy ground Place: East ridge of Mt. Travnik, 2.200 m (7.218 feet), north part of Mt. Mangart's flats, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Wet state. Upper side.
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Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg., syn.: Omphalia pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) J. Kickx f., Peltigera zopfii GyelnikFamily: PeltigeraceaeEN: Horizontal felt lichen, Horizontal Dog Lichen, DE: Waagrechte Blattflechte, Flachfrchtige Schildflechte SI: ravnodiskni pasji liajDat.: April 13. 2019Lat.: 46.359795 Long.: 13.709177Code: Bot_1180/2019_DSC4709 Picture file names: from Peltigera-horizontalis_raw_10 to Peltigera-horizontalis_raw_16.Habitat: Riparian forest, left bank of river Soa, flat terrain; moist ground and humid air, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; calcareous ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 535 m (1755 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Mossy, heavily rotten stump of (most probably) Picea abies.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa, near farmhouse Otokar, Trenta 4, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lichens in genus Peltigera are often very beautiful. They have large foliose thalli with deep colors when moist. Sometimes they form very large patches on ground, rocks or wood, which may have more than 50 cm across. Particularly the green ones are very conspicuous. There are 15 species of this genus known in Slovenia (Ref.6). When thali are not well developed, or sterile, without apothecia, or dry their determination to species level may not be an easy task.Peltigera horizontalis is relatively rare lichen in Slovenia. Horizontal, roundish apothecia is the dominant distinguishing trait. However, white underside, interwoven with almost black mesh of veins and distinctive fasciculate (in tight bundles of fibers, particularly toward their ends) rhizines are also important in determination. The species is a good indicator of old forests.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 681.(2)
www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Peltigera%20horizontalis (accessed April 14. 2019)(3)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Peltigera_horizontalis.html (accessed April 14. 2019)(4) Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press, p 520(5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 669.(6)
members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed April 14. 2019)
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Peltigera rufescensField Dog-lichenDate: July 18. 2009Lat.: 46.37966 Long.: 13.78834Bot_363/2009-1215Habitat: on top of a south oriented dirt road cut, almost full sun, dry, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet)Substratum: moss and calcareous soil encrusted base of tree stumpPlace: Zadnjica valley, halfway from terminal parking place to the end of the dirt road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECRef: C.Smith et all, The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p672I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p520V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol.2, p689
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British Camp Hills, Worcs
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Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, lung lichenEchte LungenflechteDat.: May 17. 2009Lat.: 46.38938 Long.: 13.65219Code: Bot_340/2009-1272 (Canon G10)Habitat: Old dead, still standing, trunk of Fagus sylvatica in a small opening in Fagus sylvatica forest, full sun, fully exposed to direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.300 m (4.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Partly rotten Fagus sylvatica trunk, 1.8 m off ground, southwest exposed.Place: Next to hunter's cottage above Planina Bala, Bavica valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC
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Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg., syn.: Omphalia pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) J. Kickx f., Peltigera zopfii GyelnikFamily: PeltigeraceaeEN: Horizontal felt lichen, Horizontal Dog Lichen, DE: Waagrechte Blattflechte, Flachfrchtige Schildflechte SI: ravnodiskni pasji liajDat.: April 13. 2019Lat.: 46.359795 Long.: 13.709177Code: Bot_1180/2019_DSC4709 Picture file names: from Peltigera-horizontalis_raw_10 to Peltigera-horizontalis_raw_16.Habitat: Riparian forest, left bank of river Soa, flat terrain; moist ground and humid air, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; calcareous ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 535 m (1755 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Mossy, heavily rotten stump of (most probably) Picea abies.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa, near farmhouse Otokar, Trenta 4, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lichens in genus Peltigera are often very beautiful. They have large foliose thalli with deep colors when moist. Sometimes they form very large patches on ground, rocks or wood, which may have more than 50 cm across. Particularly the green ones are very conspicuous. There are 15 species of this genus known in Slovenia (Ref.6). When thali are not well developed, or sterile, without apothecia, or dry their determination to species level may not be an easy task.Peltigera horizontalis is relatively rare lichen in Slovenia. Horizontal, roundish apothecia is the dominant distinguishing trait. However, white underside, interwoven with almost black mesh of veins and distinctive fasciculate (in tight bundles of fibers, particularly toward their ends) rhizines are also important in determination. The species is a good indicator of old forests.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 681.(2)
www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Peltigera%20horizontalis (accessed April 14. 2019)(3)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Peltigera_horizontalis.html (accessed April 14. 2019)(4) Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press, p 520(5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 669.(6)
members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed April 14. 2019)
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Peltigera rufescensField Dog-lichenDate: July 18. 2009Lat.: 46.37966 Long.: 13.78834Bot_363/2009-1215Habitat: on top of a south oriented dirt road cut, almost full sun, dry, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet)Substratum: moss and calcareous soil encrusted base of tree stumpPlace: Zadnjica valley, halfway from terminal parking place to the end of the dirt road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECRef: C.Smith et all, The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p672I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p520V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol.2, p689
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Peltigera canina (L.) Willd., syn.: Peltigera ulorrhiza (Flrke) Roum., Peltophora canina (L.) Clem, Pulmonaria terrestris Bory. Family: PeltigeraceaeEN: Dog Lichen, DE: Echte HundsflechteSlo.: pasji liajDat.: Oct. 12. 2021Lat.: 46.34956 Long.: 13.69225Code: Bot_1412/2021_4602Habitat: River bank, light mixed forest, at the base of a steep mountain, northeast aspect, locally almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, partly in shade, relatively cold and humid air place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 525 m (1.720 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: a medium size calcareous, moss overgrown boulder.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, next to Soa trail, near Trenta 46 farmhouse, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments (pertain to pictures of Flicker album Peltigera canina): Dog lichens (genus Peltigera sp.) are large folios lichens, which often form extensive patches on ground, rocks or grassland. They grow mostly in woods but one can find them also on open places. Particularly the green ones are beautiful when moist and richly developed. To recognize them on genus level is not at all a problem. However, to determine them correctly (particularly gray-brown ones) on species level is sometimes quite a challenge, more so, if the thali are sterile that is without apothecia. The large difference in their appearance between being in dry or moist state are often striking. So, wrong determinations are quite common. Peltigera canina is a species, which is frequently confused with others, most often with very similar (and much more frequent) Peltigera membranacea. Peltigera canina can be distinguished from other species by irregular, shaggy, markedly bushy, confluent at the base, white rhizines and fuzzy tomentum on the upper side of the lobes. The underside has flattened, smooth and whitish veins (except sometimes in the middle of the thallus where they may be darker). Quite rare, roundish and very dark brown to black apothecia are also typical. Richly branched, woolly rhizines are most diagnostic (Ref.:1.) (see Fig.3a.). However, this rhizines form is not the only one present. Often several other shapes, including those common to Peltigera membranacea, are present or even dominant. Yet, no other Peltigera species has rhizines of this typical appearance than Peltigera canina.The lichen was one time used to treat rabies because the rhizines supposedly look like dogs' teeth (Ref.:4.).Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 667.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 506.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 681.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 325.
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Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, lung lichenEchte LungenflechteDat.: May 17. 2009Lat.: 46.38938 Long.: 13.65219Code: Bot_340/2009-1272 (Canon G10)Habitat: Old dead, still standing, trunk of Fagus sylvatica in a small opening in Fagus sylvatica forest, full sun, fully exposed to direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.300 m (4.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Partly rotten Fagus sylvatica trunk, 1.8 m off ground, southwest exposed.Place: Next to hunter's cottage above Planina Bala, Bavica valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC
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Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg., syn.: Omphalia pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) J. Kickx f., Peltigera zopfii GyelnikFamily: PeltigeraceaeEN: Horizontal felt lichen, Horizontal Dog Lichen, DE: Waagrechte Blattflechte, Flachfrchtige Schildflechte SI: ravnodiskni pasji liajDat.: April 13. 2019Lat.: 46.359795 Long.: 13.709177Code: Bot_1180/2019_DSC4709 Picture file names: from Peltigera-horizontalis_raw_10 to Peltigera-horizontalis_raw_16.Habitat: Riparian forest, left bank of river Soa, flat terrain; moist ground and humid air, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; calcareous ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 535 m (1755 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Mossy, heavily rotten stump of (most probably) Picea abies.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa, near farmhouse Otokar, Trenta 4, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lichens in genus Peltigera are often very beautiful. They have large foliose thalli with deep colors when moist. Sometimes they form very large patches on ground, rocks or wood, which may have more than 50 cm across. Particularly the green ones are very conspicuous. There are 15 species of this genus known in Slovenia (Ref.6). When thali are not well developed, or sterile, without apothecia, or dry their determination to species level may not be an easy task.Peltigera horizontalis is relatively rare lichen in Slovenia. Horizontal, roundish apothecia is the dominant distinguishing trait. However, white underside, interwoven with almost black mesh of veins and distinctive fasciculate (in tight bundles of fibers, particularly toward their ends) rhizines are also important in determination. The species is a good indicator of old forests.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 681.(2)
www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Peltigera%20horizontalis (accessed April 14. 2019)(3)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Peltigera_horizontalis.html (accessed April 14. 2019)(4) Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press, p 520(5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 669.(6)
members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed April 14. 2019)
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Peltigera rufescensField Dog-lichenDate: May 10. 2008Lat.: 46.37966 Long.: 13.78834Code: Bot_260/2008-7818 Habitat: on top of a south oriented dirt road cut, almost full sun, dry, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet)Substratum: moss and calcareous soil encrusted base of tree stumpPlace: Zadnjica valley, halfway from terminal parking place to the end of the dirt road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECRef: C.Smith et all, The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p672I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p520V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol.2, p689
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Peltigera canina (L.) Willd., syn.: Peltigera ulorrhiza (Flrke) Roum., Peltophora canina (L.) Clem, Pulmonaria terrestris Bory. Family: PeltigeraceaeEN: Dog Lichen, DE: Echte HundsflechteSlo.: pasji liajDat.: Oct. 12. 2021Lat.: 46.34956 Long.: 13.69225Code: Bot_1412/2021_4602Habitat: River bank, light mixed forest, at the base of a steep mountain, northeast aspect, locally almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, partly in shade, relatively cold and humid air place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 525 m (1.720 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: a medium size calcareous, moss overgrown boulder.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, next to Soa trail, near Trenta 46 farmhouse, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments (pertain to pictures of Flicker album Peltigera canina): Dog lichens (genus Peltigera sp.) are large folios lichens, which often form extensive patches on ground, rocks or grassland. They grow mostly in woods but one can find them also on open places. Particularly the green ones are beautiful when moist and richly developed. To recognize them on genus level is not at all a problem. However, to determine them correctly (particularly gray-brown ones) on species level is sometimes quite a challenge, more so, if the thali are sterile that is without apothecia. The large difference in their appearance between being in dry or moist state are often striking. So, wrong determinations are quite common. Peltigera canina is a species, which is frequently confused with others, most often with very similar (and much more frequent) Peltigera membranacea. Peltigera canina can be distinguished from other species by irregular, shaggy, markedly bushy, confluent at the base, white rhizines and fuzzy tomentum on the upper side of the lobes. The underside has flattened, smooth and whitish veins (except sometimes in the middle of the thallus where they may be darker). Quite rare, roundish and very dark brown to black apothecia are also typical. Richly branched, woolly rhizines are most diagnostic (Ref.:1.) (see Fig.3a.). However, this rhizines form is not the only one present. Often several other shapes, including those common to Peltigera membranacea, are present or even dominant. Yet, no other Peltigera species has rhizines of this typical appearance than Peltigera canina.The lichen was one time used to treat rabies because the rhizines supposedly look like dogs' teeth (Ref.:4.).Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 667.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 506.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 681.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 325.
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Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, Lung Lichen, Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Jan.24. 2011Lat.: 46.31661 Long.: 13.46331Code: Bot_486/2011_IMG3558 Habitat: Mountain secondary beach wood, step, south oriented slope, rocky calcareous ground, shallow soil layer, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-8 deg C, elevation 910 m (3.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen Fagus sylvatica, not yet rotten.Place: Uja valley, next to the trail from village aga to Planina Baban, south slopes of Mt. Kanin mountain group, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Thallus width of about 35 cm (one foot). Lichen in a half dry condition. Growing solitary. Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol. 2, p 563. (2) I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p417. (3) V.Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten ind Moose, Ulmer (2000), p67.
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Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg., syn.: Omphalia pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) J. Kickx f., Peltigera zopfii GyelnikFamily: PeltigeraceaeEN: Horizontal felt lichen, Horizontal Dog Lichen, DE: Waagrechte Blattflechte, Flachfrchtige Schildflechte SI: ravnodiskni pasji liajDat.: April 13. 2019Lat.: 46.359795 Long.: 13.709177Code: Bot_1180/2019_DSC4709 Picture file names: from Peltigera-horizontalis_raw_10 to Peltigera-horizontalis_raw_16.Habitat: Riparian forest, left bank of river Soa, flat terrain; moist ground and humid air, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; calcareous ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 535 m (1755 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Mossy, heavily rotten stump of (most probably) Picea abies.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa, near farmhouse Otokar, Trenta 4, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lichens in genus Peltigera are often very beautiful. They have large foliose thalli with deep colors when moist. Sometimes they form very large patches on ground, rocks or wood, which may have more than 50 cm across. Particularly the green ones are very conspicuous. There are 15 species of this genus known in Slovenia (Ref.6). When thali are not well developed, or sterile, without apothecia, or dry their determination to species level may not be an easy task.Peltigera horizontalis is relatively rare lichen in Slovenia. Horizontal, roundish apothecia is the dominant distinguishing trait. However, white underside, interwoven with almost black mesh of veins and distinctive fasciculate (in tight bundles of fibers, particularly toward their ends) rhizines are also important in determination. The species is a good indicator of old forests.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 681.(2)
www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Peltigera%20horizontalis (accessed April 14. 2019)(3)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Peltigera_horizontalis.html (accessed April 14. 2019)(4) Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press, p 520(5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 669.(6)
members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed April 14. 2019)
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Peltigera rufescensField Dog-lichenDate: May 10. 2008Lat.: 46.37966 Long.: 13.78834Code: Bot_260/2008-7818 Habitat: on top of a south oriented dirt road cut, almost full sun, dry, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet)Substratum: moss and calcareous soil encrusted base of tree stumpPlace: Zadnjica valley, halfway from terminal parking place to the end of the dirt road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECRef: C.Smith et all, The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p672I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p520V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol.2, p689