Melanoleuca polioleuca (Fr. 1821) Khn. & Mre. 1934, syn.: Melanoleuca melaleuca ss. Bress., Khn. 1974, Melanoleuca oreina (Fr. 1815) Khn. & Mre. 1934, Melanoleuca vulgaris (Pat. 1887) Pat. 1900 (non 1897)Common Cavalier, DE: Schwarzweisser WeichritterlingSlo.: pegasta gostolistkaDat.: Oct. 19. 2014Lat.: 46.36029 Long.: 13.70264Code: Bot_850/2014_DSC4876Habitat: grassland mowed twice a year, semiruderal calcareous ground next to a small wooden building, on its southeast side, flat terrain, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right banks of river Soa, in front of Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Members of genus Melanoleuca are difficult to be determined to species level. Many pros agree this is almost impossible without microscopy. No wonder many old observations seem to be questionable particularly in Melanoleuca melaleuca group where in addition species names melaleuca, polioleuca and vulgaris have been treated differently by different authors. Krieglsteiner (2001) states that large part of all historical observations not supported with an available exsiccate should be simply forgotten. Nevertheless, following Ref.1.the mushrooms photographed seem to be Melanoleuca polioleuca. Two typical traits, large cheilocystidia (a few with a small head of crystals have been also observed) and brownish trama in stipe base should distinguish it from very similar M. melaleuca, which grows in exactly the same habitats.Growing in a group of about 10 pilei within 2 x 0.5 m area; pilei diameter 6-9 cm, pilei surface looking velvety; pilei slightly hygrophanous, cutis peels off easily up to about 1/3 of the radius of pilei; stipe fibrous,4.5-8 cm long and 9-12 mm in diameter, at the base somewhat club shaped with a diameter of up to 18 mm; taste mild, mushroomy, pleasant, somewhat sweet; smell none; SP abundant, beige with slight green tint, oac7.Spores warty. Dimensions: 7,1 [7,8 ; 8] 8,7 x 4,6 [4,9 ; 5] 5,3 micr., Q = 1,4 [1,6] 1,8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,9 x 5 mm ; Qe = 1,6. Cheilocystidia dimensions: 55 [65,3 ; 72,1] 82,4 x 8,7 [11,5 ; 13,3] 16,1 micr., Q = 4,3 [5,3 ; 5,9] 6,9; N = 16; C = 95%; Me = 68,7 x 12,4 micr.; Qe = 5,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, cystidia), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 375 (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 210.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 99. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 170, (M. melaleucas.lat.)
Tricholomopsis decora Prunes and CustardSlo.: lina trhlenkaDat.: Oct. 24. 2011Lat.: 46.32960 Long.: 13.52489Code: Bot_565/2011_DSC0456 Habitat: Mixed wood: Picea abies, Pinus nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus and Fraxinus excelsior, etc; flat terrain, shallow forest soil layer, probably somewhat acid, old consolidated river deposit, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Fallen rotten trunk of a small Pinus nigra.Place: Bovec basin, west of Bovec, on the terrace east of Bovec golf playground, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Several fruitbodies on the log, pileus diameter up to 6.5 cm (3.5 inch), taste and smell indistinctive, SP white with faint pink tint (oac795), cup golden-yellow (oac852), gills deep golden (oac811), stipe concolorous with gills, lighter at the base. Spore dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.5) x 5.3 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.4 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.:(1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot. (2)
www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholomopsis_decora.html .(3)
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Tricholomopsis_decora.htm .(4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 98. (5) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 150.
Tricholoma lascivum (Fr.: Fr.) Gillet, syn.: Tricholoma album ss. Kuhner & Romagnesi 1953, Gyrophila lasciva (Fr.) Qul.Aromatic Knight, DE: Unverschmte Ritterling,Widerlicher RitterlingSlo.: golobija kolobarnicaDat.: Oct. 18. 2010Lat.: 46.34299 Long.: 13.56724Code: Bot_470/2010_IMG3091Habitat: slightly inside light, mixed, unmaintained forest edge with many shrubs; Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Prunus spinosa, Rubus sp. etc. present; near a small water stream; flat terrain; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock with some limestone; humid place, mostly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, northeast of Mala vas, near a small stream, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: There exist four whitish species with similar habit in the genus Tricholoma: Tricholoma album, Tricholoma columbetta, Tricholoma inamoenum and Tricholoma lascivum. Also nomenclature history of these species is 'difficult'. Hence confusion and misidentifications are frequent. From this reason some experts consider published distribution ranges of these species as questionable. MycoBank (Ref.7) states: "Real distribution poorly known because of the taxonomic confusion with similar species".This find was at first (based on habit) recognized as Tricholoma inamoenum. However, measured spores were much too small for it. Their dimensions and particularly narrow spores (Q exceeding 1.6) speaks in favor of Tricholoma lascivum. Also other macro traits and habitat seems to fit reasonably well to this determination. On the other hand, Tricholoma album is a symbiont with Betula or Quercus, which were not present in the vicinity. Tricholoma columbetta is practically without odor (Ref. 2 and 3) while the find had strong, unpleasant smell on gas or chemistry. Tricholoma album and Tricholoma columbetta also have somewhat smaller spores, while, Tricholoma inamoenum has significantly larger spores.Description: Several fruitbodies present, some clustered; pilei diameter up to 3 - 7(8) cm; smell strong, unpleasant, on gas or some chemistry; taste not tested; SP abundant, white.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (6) 6,3 - 7,6 (8) x (3,5) 3,8 - 4,5 (4,8) microns; Q = (1,4) 1,5 - 1,9 (2,1); N = 35; Me = 6,9 x 4,1 microns; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) C. Bas, Th.W.Kuyper, M.E. Nordeloos, E.C. Vellinga (eds.), Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, A.A. Balkema, Vol.4. (1999), p 145.(2) M.Christensen, J. Heilmann-Clausen, The genus Tricholoma, Fungi of Northern Europe, Vol.4. (2013), p 186.(3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 330.(4)
www.myko.cz/myko-atlas/Tricholoma-lascivum/ (accessed Nov. 4. 2017) (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 568.(6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 154.
Leucopaxillus gentianeus (Qul.) Kotl., syn.: Leucopaxillus amarus auct., Clitocybe gentianea Qul., Clitocybe amara sensu auct., Lepista amara sensu auct.Bitter False Funnelcap, DE: Bitterer Krempenritterling, Bitterer KrempentrichterlingSlo.: grenka velepodvihankaDat.: Oct. 10. 2010Lat.: 46.33785 Long.: 13.49926Code: Bot_467/2010_IMG2973Habitat: Mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 930 m (3.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, southeast slopes of Mt. Kanin Mountain group, between the dirt road to station B of Kanin cable car and the forest road toward Mt. Kopa Mountain, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Leucopaxillus gentianeus is a beautiful mushroom with its nicely brown, felted hut, however, with disgusting taste. Definitely not a candidate for culinary experiences! Three pilei were found; pilei diameter up to 10 cm; gills can be easily separated from trama as a separate layer; not discoloring brownish on handling (as some sources say); smell mild, indistinctive, somewhat mushroomy or mealy; taste much unpleasant, bitter, jerked, or on some chemistry, persistent; SP abundant, white.Spores minutely warty (barely visible with my equipment and in water). Dimensions: (5.2) 5.5 - 6.3 (7) x (4.1) 4.3 - 5.1 (5.6) microns; Q = (1.1) 1.14 - 1.4 (1.5); N = 30; Me = 5.9 x 4.8 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 206. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1995), p 218. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 302.(5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 162.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 96. (7)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=L&l=l&nom=Leucopa... (accessed Nov.8. 2017)(8)
www.mushroomexpert.com/leucopaxillus_gentianeus.html (accessed Nov.8. 2017)
Lepista glaucocana (Bres.) Singer, syn: Clitocybe glaucocana (Bres.) Bigelow & Sm., Lepista nuda var. glaucocana (Bres.) Krieglst.Pale Violet Blewit (?) DE: Blassblauer Rtelritterling, Lavendelfarbener Rtelritterling, Blasser Rtelritterling Slo.: bledovijolina kolesnicaDat.: Oct.13. 2016Lat.: 46.35901 Long.: 13.69945Code: Bot_1017/2016_DSC5679Habitat: Mixed wood; Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant trees; under Fagus sylvatica; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal ground on coluvial ground; in shade, moderately dry and relatively warm place; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 605 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a layer of dead Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, near Strgulc abandoned farm house, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Lepista glaucocana is a quite common mushroom in Trenta valley. It is beautiful, quite large and usually occurs in large groups. Its color is variable and hence it is sometimes difficult to be distinguished in field from similar more violet Lepista nuda and more whitish Lepista irina. Growing gregarious, over 15 pilei present; pilei diameter from 5.5 to 10 cm, stipe from 4 to 6.5 cm long and from 1.3 to 4 cm in diameter; smell strong on something in between earthy, floury and mushroomy; taste mild, mushroomy, quite pleasant; pilei cuticle peels of easily; SP abundant, whitish-beige, oac7.Spores smooth, somewhat warty. Dimensions: 6.2 [6.9 ; 7.2] 7.9 x 3.6 [4.2 ; 4.4] 4.9 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7 x 4.3 microns; Qe = 1.7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 294.(2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 210. (3)
www.gobe.si/Gobe/LepistaGlaucocana (4)
www.svims.ca/council/Lepist.htm
Tricholoma aurantiumGolden Orange Tricholoma, DE: Orangeroter RitterlingSlo.: oranna kolobarnicaDat.: Oct. 8. 2012Lat.: 46.43181 Long.: 13.61063Code: Bot_666/2012_DSC5621 Habitat: Picea abies wood mixed with Fagus sylvatica, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, in shade, almost no ground vegetation, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.350 m (4.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Mt. Mangart's Alp (Mangartska planina), north of the central meadow, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This beautiful mushroom is not common in Slovenia. It is most frequently found in cultural and not natural landscape, namely in intensively forested stands of Picea abies (Ref.:(3)). Growing solitary, scattered and in groups, over 30 pilei at the site; pileus diameter up to 13 cm, stipe up to 8 cm tall; surface of the cap viscid, some pilei beaded with orange droplets; taste strong persistent, unpleasant, some kind of bitter, very specific; smell strong almost pleasant, on flour? fruits?, strange; SP white (oac909).Spores smooth, broad elliptical to globose. Dimensions: 5.3 (SD = 0.4) x 4.1 (SD = 0.3) , Q = 1.31 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.com.(2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 160. 5.5/4 (3) H.Doerfelt and E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze,Wissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 177.(4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 187. 4-6/3-5 (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 228. 4-5/3-3,5 (6)
www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholoma_aurantium.html 5-6/3-4
Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformisSlo.: latviasta palivkaDat.: Nov. 21. 2010Lat.: 46.33061 Long.: 13.69033Code: Bot_478/2010_IMG3257Habitat: Unimproved grassland grassed by sheep, northeast oriented mountain slope, calcareous ground, mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 630 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: grassland soil. Place: Vrsnik valley, at the foot of Mt. rni vrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary or two, tree together, pileus diameter up to 55 mm; smell mild, pleasant; SP white, slightly beige. Spore smooth, dimensions 8.3 (SD = 0.6) x 5.3 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.65 (SD = 0.12), n = 30.Ref.:(1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 290. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 130. (3) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 223. (4) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 218.
Clitocybe odora (Bull.: Fr.) Kumm, syn.: Clitocybe viridis (With.) GilletAniseed Funnel, Blue-green Clitocybe, DE: Grner AnistrichterlingSlo.: janeeva livkaDat.: Oct. 9. 2012Lat.: 46.35009 Long.: 13.57265Code: Bot_667/2012_IMG1427Habitat: former pastures, now light mixed wood, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; in haft shade; dry and relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-9 deg C, elevation 635 m (2.080 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil, under a canopy of Picea abies.Place: Bovec basin, at the base of Mt. ukla; east of meadows near Plajer farmhouse, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Clitocybe odora is easy to recognize. Blue-greenish appearance and strong characteristic smell on anis are distinctive.Growing scattered, several fruit bodies present; pileus diameter up to 6 cm, stipe length up to 5 cm; taste pleasant, on anis, smell strong on anis, sweets; SP whitish-beige.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,9 ; 6,4] 7,4 x 3,1 [3,7 ; 3,9] 4,5 microns; Q = 1,3 [1,6 ; 1,7] 1,9; N = 37; C = 95%; Me = 6,1 x 3,8 microns; Qe = 1,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot;
www.gobenabovskem.com.(2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 164. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 91. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 136. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 166. (6) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 234. Canon G11, 6.1-30mm/f2.8-4.5
Tricholoma ustaleBurnt Knight, DE: Brandige RitterlingSlo.: osmojena kolobarnicaDat.: Oct. 06. 2012Lat.: 46.42764 Long.: 13.61552Code: Bot_665/2012_DSC5508 Habitat: In mixed alpine forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica with some Picea abies and Abies alba; locally east, generally south oriented mountain slope, relatively warm place, calcareous bedrock however apparently at least to some extent acid soil (Vaccinium myrtillus abundant); mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.470 m (4.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Mt. Mangart region, northeast ridge of Mt.Planja, 1.553 m, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Following the key of Tricholoma (Fries.1821) in Ref.:(3), p521 I come to Tricholoma ustale without problems. However, the color of the fruitbodies found seems too to be too bright and to have more yellow and less red as in most references. Not sure the determination is OK.Growing scattered, about 5 - 6 fruitbodies; pileus diameter from 6 to 8.5 cm, stipe up to 8.5 cm long; taste mushroomy and moderately bitter and burning, unpleasant; smell not strong, on earth (?); flesh whitish, bruising slowly with time, particularly at the base of the stipe; SP white (oac909), pilei strongly slimy, the layer of the mucus more than 1 mm thick.Spores smooth, elliptical. Dimensions: 7.1 (SD = 0.4) x 5.4 (SD = 0.3) , Q = 1.31 (SD = 0.08), n = 28. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si .(2) M. E. Noordeloos, Th. Kuyper, E. Vellinga (1999). Flora Agaricina Neerlandica: Critical Monographs on Families of Agarics and Boleti Occurring in the Netherlands. Taylor & Francis. p126. cited after
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricholoma_ustale (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 3, Ulmer (2001), p 539. (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 236. (5) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 111. (6) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 158(7)
healing-mushrooms.net/archives/tricholoma-ustale.html