dcsimg

Life Cycle

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Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Presence of asynchronous oocyte development in the ovaries (Ref. 109439).
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Recorder
Susan M. Luna
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Migration

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Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Recorder
Christine Papasissi
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Trophic Strategy

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Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154).
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Recorder
Pascualita Sa-a
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Biology

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Oceanic, schooling and gregarious. Occasionally shoals close to shore in large numbers (Ref. 9987). Feeds on zooplankton and fish larvae (Ref. 9987); food also includes fish eggs and small fishes (Ref. 5951). Preyed upon by fish, including tunas, marlin bluefish and cod (Ref. 9987); also pollock, dolphins and porpoises (Ref. 5951). It is an under-exploited fish in many parts of its range and suitable for canning and other inexpensive uses (Ref. 9987). Often leap of the water when chased by enemies (Ref. 35388).
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Recorder
Christine Papasissi
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Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; bait: occasionally; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
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Recorder
Christine Papasissi
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