Eupsophus vertebralis Grandison 1961

Diagnosis A large species of frog (50-66 mm. when mature) with broadly rounded snout and head broader than long ; vomerine teeth in two, only slightly curved groups between the posterior halves of the choanae, separated medially ; first finger not longer than second; toes somewhat flattened along sides with a rudiment of web at bases of digits and between metatarsals ; subarticular tubercles prominent ; no tarsal fold ; skin almost smooth, usually with a vertebral band which may be as broad as the distance between the nares ; supratympanic fold present ; usually two chevron-shaped ridges between the shoulders ; middle ear present and tympanic annulus visible externally ; mature males with a white glandular nuptial pad on basal phalanx of thumb and with paired internal vocal sacs.

Occurs in the lake region of Chile, approximately from 40°S to 44°S, and from a single locality in Argentina (Puerto Blest, Río Negro Province).

ANTRAQUINONAS, HETERÓSIDOS(1)

Descriptionof holotype Habitus robust. Tongue broadly rounded, its posterior + free and slightly notched. Vomerine teeth in two long, only slightly curved groups between and close to the posterior halves of the choanae, separated from each other by a space equal to 4 the width of one of the choanae. Snout fairly long, broad and rounded in dorsal view, equal in length to the horizontal diameter of the eye, somewhat angular in profile, the upper jaw scarcely extending beyond the lower jaw. Nares superolateral, slightly projecting, the distance between the middle of the nares 1 Å? times the width of the interorbital space which is narrower than the upper eyelid, equidistant between the anterior borders of the eyes and the tip of the snout. Canthus rostralis rounded and obtuse, not sharply defined ; loreal region flat and strongly oblique, upper lip flaring out strongly below ; eye large and prominent, not projecting beyond the jaws in dorsal view. Middle ear apparatus complete ; the horizontal diameter of the tympanic annulus rather less than half the diameter of the eye and conspicuous externally ; columella baton-shaped. Thick, glandular, supratympanic fold present. Omosternum cartilaginous with short broad stem, in the centre of which is a small calcified area, tip strongly dilated ; sternum cartilaginous, 1.4 times the length of the omosternum, somewhat rectangular in shape with slight median constriction, almost wholly calcified ; epicoracoids 1.25 times the length of the sternum. Tibio-tarsal articulation of the adpressed hind limb reaches to the middle of the eye. Fingers free of web, first finger slightly shorter than second ; subarticular tubercles moderate; small supernumerary palmar tubercles present ; two palmar tubercles, the outer one partially divided. Tips of fingers and toes rounded, with simple terminal phalanges. Toes with an inconspicuous ridge along the sides and separated by a rudiment of web ; between the third and fourth the web extends to the distal edges of the basal subarticular tubercles but is somewhat less between the other digits. Metatarsals partly separated by web. An elongate inner and a small rather inconspicuous outer metatarsal tubercle present ; supernumerary metatarsal tubercles absent ; subarticular tubercles rather prominent. Skin on upper parts of body pitted and finely granular with occasional small, elongated tubercles on flanks ; between the shoulders on either side of the mid-line are longitudinal crescent-shaped ridges. Venter smooth except for granulations in region of vent and on inside of thighs; limbs smooth. Dorsum mottled, with inconspicuous, light coloured vertebral band from tip of snout to vent ; a dark line from tip of snout through nares to anterior border of eye and a dark patch on upper lip just anterior to eye ; tympanic area dark; lips not barred. Limbs indistinctly cross barred. Ventral surface cream in alcohol. Measurements (in mm): snout-vent length 59.4, length of tibia 27.9, length of foot 28.3, length of head 21.7, width of head 23.7. Variation Mature males have a glandular nuptial pad on the basal phalanx of each thumb ; none shows any deposit of melanin. The vocal sac apparatus consists of paired subgular sacs communicating with the mouth through long slits which extend forwards from the jaw commissures. The females are somewhat larger than the males at sexual maturity.

NT. Near Threatened.

Eupsophus vertebralis also known as the Valdivian ground frog, is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae. It is found in Argentina and Chile. Its natural habitats are temperate forest, rivers, and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.