Telmatobius pefauri Veloso & Trueb 1976

Diagnosis Telmatobius pefauri is a moderate-sized species that can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: 1) hind limbs long -- tibio-tarsal articulation of adpressed limb lying anterior to eye; 2) snout rounded in dorsal profile, depressed in lateral profile; 3) mandibular arch not prognathous; 4) nostrils barely protuberant; 5) tympanic annulus concealed externally and incompletely developed under the skin; 6) maxillaiy and premaxillary dentition embedded in mucosal labial folds; 7) dentigerous processes of prevomers small, horizontally oriented, bearing a moderate medial separation and located at the mid-level between large choanae; 8) eyes dorsolateral with a distinct anterior orientation; 9) tarsal fold well developed; 10) maxillary dentition present; and 11) prevomerine dention present.

Known only from the type locality: Murmuntani, at 3200 m, Departamento de Arica, Provincia de Tarapaca, Chile

Galegae herba,derivados flavonicos, alcalóide, vitamina C (1)

Semente

Description of the holotype Frog moderately large and with robust body, 75 mm in snout-vent length; males not known. Head large, its length 37 percent of snout-vent length, depressed and broader than long (head length only 82% of head width); in dorsal profile, snout broadly rounded and in lateral profile, long and sloping from the orbital region to a subacuminate terminus; lips thick and glandular externally and with maxillaiy and premaxillary teeth embedded in mucosal labial folds in the buccal cavity; nostrils small, scarcely protuberant, located approximately equidistant from the tip of the snout and the ventral margin of the lip and closer to the orbit than to the tip of the snout; internarial region flat; loreal region concave; canthus rostralis straight and poorly defined; tympanum absent externally but remnant of tympanic annulus present beneath skin. Supratympanic fold poorly developed and diminutive in size and length, extending from posterior border of orbit to approximately mid-point between end of mouth and axilla, where it is obscured within lateral skin folds of body. Eye large (diameter approximately 29% of head length), positioned far forward on the head and bearing anterior orientation in life. Maxillary and premaxillary teeth well-developed "fangs" strongly recurved toward tongue and embedded within the labial mucosa so that only tips of teeth protrude into buccal cavity. Dentigerous processes of prevomers exceedingly small, lying approximately equidistant from each other and medial margins of choanae, bearing two and three fang-like teeth on right and left processes, respectively. Choanae large, subcircular and widely separated medially. Tongue large, circular, with posterior border free, unnotched. Forelimb robust, lacking dennal wrist fold. First finger much longer than second and about equal in length to third; length of fourth finger slightly subequal to that of third; digital length in decreasing order, III-IV-I-II; phalangeal formula 2-2-3-3. Palmar webbing absent. Tips of fingers slightly expanded into spherical pads and lateral margins of digits with distinct fringes. Inner palmar tubercle large, elliptical and depressed. Outer palmar tubercle prominent, quadrangular and elevated. One large, round subarticular tubercle present on each of first two fingers; each of digits III and IV with two, smaller, round subarticular tubercles. Supernumerary palmar tubercles present and well developed. Hind limbs long and slender, approximately twice length of body. Toes long and slender, in decreasing order of length, IV-III-V-II-I; phalangela fomuila 2-2-3-4-3. Webbing formula I 1+ -2 II 11/3 -21/2' Â? III 2-3 IV 3 - 1 V; interdigital webbing smoothly concave, not sharply indented, diminishing distally to fringes along lateral margins of toes. Tips of toes spherical, slightly smaller than tips of fingers. Inner metatarsal tubercle small, elliptical and elevated. Outer metatarsal tubercle scarcely evident as an extremely small, round protuberance. Subarticular tubercles present but small and poorly developed on toes; the distribution of subarticular tubercles per toe as follows: 1(1), 11(2), 111(2), IV(3) and V(l); supernumerary tubercles small, scattered, few in number. Distinct tarsal fold extending length of tarsus and diminishing distally into fringe on inner margin of first ( I ) toe. Dorsal skin smooth except for few, scattered, low tubercles in presacral region; profusion of small tubercles on flanks, ventral surface of foream, knee, outer surfaces of tibia and tarsus and posteroventral surfaces of thighs; proliferation of small skin folds extending from posterior region of head posteroventrally along flanks. One, distinct, fleshy dermal ridge forming arc from posterodorsal corner of axilla downward across mid-flank region. Ventral surfaces smooth except for few, low tubercles in cloacal region. Cloacal opening directed posteriorly at dorsal level of thighs; opening oriented transversely and inconspicuously ornamented below by folded, tuberculate skin. Color in preservative: Uniform drab reddish brown above. Lips, side of head, anterior surface of upper ann, flanks and anterior surfaces of thighs gray to tan with indistinct mottling and small spots of dark, reddish brown. Gular and pectoral regions and inner surfaces of forelimb immaculate grayish tan; abdominal region darker gray-tan with fine gray mottling peripherally; ventral thighs and inner surfaces of hind limbs tan with moderately bold gray mottling along posterior margins of thighs and finer gray mottling peripheral to pale areas of hind limbs. Palmar and plantar surfaces uniform dark gray-brown except for creamy tan digital tips. Color in life: Dorsal surfaces olive-brown with distinct, darker brown spots and mottling. Ventral surfaces grayish white, and anterior surfaces of thighs yellow-orange. Iris drab olive-brown with darker reticulations. Morfología larval Stage 37 of Gosner (1960). Body depressed, 2.4 times longer than deep, elliptical in dorsal view, a slight constriction before the spiracle on each flank. Snout rounded; nostrils dorsal, equidistant from snout and eye, directed dorsally. Eyes small, separation about double internasal distance. Spiracle sinistral, directed posterodorsally, closer to the venter than to the dorsum. Anus dextral; anal tube long, triangular in ventral view. Tail long (1.7 times body length), tip rounded, musculature strong. Dorsal fin deeper than ventral, dorsal fin does not extend into body. Oral disk narrower than interorbital distance and narrower than 1/2 of maximal body width; ventral, lateral borders and lower lip fringed by minute papillae; tooth formula 2/3, innermost upper and lower rows interrupted medially. A cluster of papillae extending to both lips, including the area near the labial commisures. Crescent shaped mandibles, bearing fine serrations. Color in life light brown with shades of yellow and green on dorsal surface, ventral parts silvergray; translucent fins with a few chromatophores.

Europa

CR. Critically Endangered.

Telmatobius pefauri is a species of frog in the family Telmatobiidae. It is endemic to extreme northern Chile. It was already feared that this species is extinct, but recent research has suggested that the species is extant at several localities in the Arica y Parinacota Region, albeit at low numbers. Furthermore, morphological and genetic data suggest that Telmatobius zapahuirensis is a synonym of Telmatobius pefauri. Common name Arico water frog has been coined for this species.

class=notpageimage| The type locality of Telmatobius pefauri is the village of Murmuntani in northern Chile. Other records are from the same area.