Comments
provided by eFloras
Roseberry juniper is unusual in that it sprouts from the stump after burning or cutting. Hybridization with Juniperus pinchotii occurs in Big Bend National Park, Texas (R. P. Adams and J. R. Kistler 1991), and possibly near Saltillo, Mexico. Reports of hybridization with J . ashei have been refuted (R. P. Adams 1975).
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
Shrubs or trees dioecious, to 8 m, single-stemmed to 1 m or branched at base; crown flattened-globose to irregular to round. Bark gray to brown, exfoliating in long ragged strips, that of small branchlets (5--10 mm diam.) smooth, that of larger branchlets exfoliating in strips, or occasionally in flakes. Branches spreading to ascending; branchlets erect, 3--4-sided in cross section, ca. 2/3 as wide as length of scalelike leaves. Leaves green to light green, abaxial glands elliptic to ovate, at least 1/4 of glands (on whip leaves) with an evident white crystalline exudate, margins denticulate (at 20´); whip leaves 4--6 mm, glaucous adaxially; scalelike leaves 1--3 mm, not overlapping or if so, by less than 1/4 their length, keeled, apex acute, spreading. Seed cones maturing in 1 year, of 1 size, with straight peduncles, globose to ovoid, 6--7 mm, rose to pinkish but yellow-orange, orange, or dark red beneath glaucous coating, fleshy and somewhat sweet, with 1(--2) seeds. Seeds 4--5 mm.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
provided by eFloras
Ariz., N.Mex., Tex.; Mexico.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
provided by eFloras
Bouteloua grasslands and adjacent rocky slopes; 980--1600(--2200)m.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
provided by eFloras
Juniperus erythrocarpa Cory var. coahuilensis Martinez, Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 115--116. 1946
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Common Names
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
redberry juniper
rose-fruited juniper
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
seed,
shrub,
treeRedberry juniper is a native, evergreen, small tree or large shrub.
Mature height usually ranges from 12 to 15 feet (3.6-4.5 m), with
spreading and ascending branches forming an open, irregular crown. The
ovulate cones contain one seed [
15]. The bark is shreddy, but but is
formed close to the trunk. Redberry juniper tends to have a central
erect stem with lower branches originating near the ground level [
5].
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Redberry juniper occurs in disjunct populations from western Texas
(Trans-Pecos), southwestern New Mexico, and southern Arizona south to
San Luis Potosi, Mexico [
10,
14].
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fire regime,
shrubsRedberry juniper occurs on juniper savannas, which are kept open by
fire. Fires in these habitats tend to be surface fires carried by
grasses, which burn so rapidly that heat levels lethal to large redberry
juniper are rarely generated [
7]. Fire-free intervals of 10 years or
more are usually sufficient to allow juniper (Juniperus spp.) saplings
to reach fire-resistant size: about 3 to 6 feet (1-2 m) [
22]. Redberry
juniper occurs in evergreen oak woodlands [
11] which experience rapidly
burning grass fires approximately every 10 to 20 years [
22].
In some areas, junipers (probably including redberry juniper) are
encroaching on grasslands that were historically kept clear of trees and
shrubs by very frequent fires. Climatic changes and intensive livestock
grazing have also been implicated in this encroachment [
7].
FIRE REGIMES : Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the
FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
phanerophyte Phanerophyte
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
In Trans-Pecos Texas junipers are most common on rocky or poor soils
[
14]. Redberry juniper occurs most often on dry, well-drained soils in
full sun [
19]. It occurs at elevations of 4,000 feet (1,200 m) to 6,500
feet (2,000 m) through its range [
1,
16].
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
66 Ashe - redberry (Pinchot) juniper
239 Pinyon - juniper
241 Western live oak
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
More info for the term:
shrub FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
FRES34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
FRES35 Pinyon - juniper
FRES40 Desert grasslands
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Plant Associations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
More info for the terms:
shrub,
woodland K023 Juniper - pinyon woodland
K031 Oak - juniper woodlands
K058 Grama - tobosa shrubsteppe
K059 Trans-Pecos shrub savanna
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Immediate Effect of Fire
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Specific information in the immediate effect of fire on redberry juniper
is lacking in the literature.
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
The fleshy, berry-like cones of redberry juniper are eaten by at least
four species of songbirds, Gambel's quail, coyotes, foxes, raccoons,
rock squirrels, Hopi chipmunks, and probably other birds and mammals [
14,
21].
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Key Plant Community Associations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
codominant,
shrubIn the Southwest junipers (Juniperus spp.) are associated with oaks
(Quercus spp.) and true pinyon (Pinus edulis). Junipers increase in
dominance over oaks and pinyons on dry sites [
14]. Redberry juniper is
common in alligator juniper (J. deppeana)-pinyon woodlands and savannas,
and in areas where its range overlaps with Utah juniper (J.
osteosperma), oneseed juniper (J. monosperma), and Rocky Mountain
juniper (J. scopulorum) [
8]. It occurs in evergreen oak woodlands with
Emory oak (Q. emoryi) and Mexican blue oak (Q. oblongifolia) [
11].
Redberry juniper is also found in Arizona chaparral woodlands with shrub
live oak (Q. turbinella) and Arizona rosewood (Vauquelinia californica)
[
20]. It occurs as scattered individuals in grama (Bouteloua spp.)
grasslands, along with scattered velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina),
Mexican blue oak, and alligator juniper [
14].
A publication listing redberry juniper as a codominant species is as
follows:
Classification of pinyon-juniper (p-j) sites on National Forests in the
Southwest [
12]
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
shrub,
treeTree, Shrub
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
AZ NM TX MEXICO
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Other uses and values
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Juniper bark was used by Native Americans to make mats, saddles, and
other items. They also used the seeds for beads or ground the fleshy
cones for flour [
14,
21].
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Phenology
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. Redberry juniper is pollinated in late fall, and the ovulate cones
mature in late spring [
5]. Most juniper seeds germinate in spring [
7].
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Post-fire Regeneration
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
root crown,
secondary colonizer,
tree Tree without adventitious-bud root crown
Secondary colonizer - off-site seed
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
seed,
top-killRedberry juniper reproduces by seed. Further information specific to
reproduction in redberry juniper is not available. Pinchot juniper is
one of the few juniper species known to sprout after top-kill, and it is
closely related to redberry juniper. In most junipers germination may
be delayed up to 2 years through embryo dormancy, seedcoat
impermeability, or chemical inhibitors. Juniper seedling establishment
is enhanced by light shade, which helps maintain adequate moisture [
7].
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regional Distribution in the Western United States
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):
7 Lower Basin and Range
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Successional Status
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. Facultative Seral Species
Redberry juniper is intolerant of shade [
7]. Junipers often invade
grasslands and are gradually replaced by pinyons [
7].
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Synonyms
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Juniperus erythrocarpa var. coahuilensis Martinez [
23]
Juniperus texensis Van Melle [
25]
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
hybrid swarmThe currently accepted scientific name for redberry juniper is Juniperus coahuilensis
(Martinez) Gaussen [
10,
26,
27]. Confusion about the correct name for this entity arose
over its morphological resemblance to oneseed juniper (J. monosperma) and over its red
cones, which resemble those of Pinchot juniper (J. pinchottii). Redberry juniper
intergrades with Pinchot juniper in the Trans-Pecos region of Texas, where their
ranges overlap. There is a probable hybrid swarm in the Basin of the Chisos Mountains,
Texas [
1,
14]. Zanoni and Adams [
24] determined that redberry juniper and Pinchot
juniper are the most closely related junipers based on similarity of leaf oil
terpenoids and other characters.
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Wood Products Value
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
fuelRedberry juniper wood is used locally for posts and fuel [
21].
- bibliographic citation
- Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Juniperus coahuilensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Physical Description
provided by USDA PLANTS text
Tree, Shrub, Evergreen, Dioecious, Habit erect, Trees without or rarely having knees, Tree with bark shaggy or peeling, Young shoots in flat sprays, Young shoots 3-dimensional, Buds not resinous, Leaves scale-like, Whip leaves present, Leaves of two kinds, Leaves opposite, Leaves whorled, Non-needle-like leaf margins entire, Non-needle-like leaf margins dentate or serrate, Leaf apex acute, Leaves < 5 cm long, Leaves < 10 cm long, Leaves not blue-green, Scale leaves without raised glands, Scale leaf glands not ruptured, Scales leaves not or barely overlapping, Whip leaf margins denticulate under magnification, Twigs glabrous, Twigs not viscid, Twigs without peg-like projections or large fascicles after needles fall, Berry-like cones light blue, Berry-like cones blue-black, Berry-like cones pink, Bracts of seed cone included, Seeds tan, Seeds brown, Seeds wingless.
- compiler
- Stephen C. Meyers
- compiler
- Aaron Liston
- compiler
- Steffi Ickert-Bond
- compiler
- Damon Little
Juniperus coahuilensis
provided by wikipedia EN
Juniperus coahuilensis, commonly known as redberry juniper, is a species of conifer in the family Cupressaceae.[2]
Description
Juniperus coahuilensis grows as a large shrubby tree up to 8 metres (26 feet) tall. It is usually multi-trunked.[3] The bark is brown to gray, exfoliating in long strips on mature trunks and branches.[3]
The leaves are green to light green, and have glands that can produce a white crystalline exudate.[3]
The cones are a fleshy glaucous yellow-orange to dark red, 6–7 millimetres (1⁄4–9⁄32 in) in diameter, and mature in one year.[3]
This species is unusual in that it sprouts from the stump when cut or burned, which has probably allowed it to remain in the grasslands in spite of periodic grass fires that kill all other juniper species.[4]
Fossil record
The species is known to have been present during the Late Wisconsin Glacial Episode of the last glacial period, in North American latitudes defined by fossils from the Waterman Mountains in present-day Arizona.[5]
Distribution
The shrubby tree is found in northern Mexico and areas of the Southwestern United States within central and southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and West Texas including Big Bend National Park.[3]
This species occurs in high desert grasslands at elevations of 1,200–2,000 m (3,900–6,600 ft), in Bouteloua spp. grasslands and adjacent rocky areas.[1] In Mexico, it can also occur in canyons or alluvial fans. In the Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert ecoregions, it often in association with Opuntia spp. and/or Yucca spp.[4]
References
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Juniperus coahuilensis: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Juniperus coahuilensis, commonly known as redberry juniper, is a species of conifer in the family Cupressaceae.
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- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
