British Timothy

600-2000 m.

Annual, tufted. Culms erect or geniculate at base, slender, 3–45 cm tall, 3–5-noded. Leaf sheaths glabrous, upper slightly inflated; leaf blades soft, 1.5–15 cm, 2–6 mm wide, glabrous, margins scabrid, apex acute; ligule 2–4 mm, obtuse. Panicle narrowly cylindrical, 1–10 × 0.4–0.8 cm, yellowish green; branches free from central axis. Spikelets obovate-cuneate, 2–3 mm; rachilla extension present; glumes inflated toward apex, narrowed toward base, deeply channeled between veins, scabrid, keel glabrous or shortly pectinate, apex truncate, cuspidate into a hard 0.3–0.6 mm mucro; lemma 1.3–2 mm, 5-veined, sparsely appressed-pubescent, apex subobtuse; anthers 0.4–0.8 mm. Caryopsis ca. 1 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr–Aug. 2n = 28.

Annual; culms 5-30(-55) cm high, erect. Leaf-blades up to 19 cm long, 3-9 mm wide, obtuse, shortly hairy on the margins; upper sheaths slightly inflated; ligule 2.5-7 mm long, obtuse. Panicle 1-12 cm long, 3.5-7 mm wide, cylindrical, pale green. Spikelets 1.5-2.8 mm long (including awns); glumes truncate, swollen at the tip, narrowed at the base, scabrid, sometimes slightly ciliate on the keel, the lower softly hairy on the margins; awn 0.3-0.6 mm long; lemma two-thirds the length of the glumes, 5-nerved, pubescent; anthers 0.5 mm long.

Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang (Lin'an) [Afghanistan, NW India, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Europe].

Distribution: Pakistan (Punjab, N.W.F.P. & Kashmir); Northwest India westwards to the Mediterranean.

Fl. & Fr. Per.: April-May.

Mountain slopes, riversides, field margins, roadsides; ca. 1800 m.

Chilochloa paniculata (Hudson) P. Beauvois; Phleum asperum Jacquin; P. japonicum Franchet & Savatier.

Phleum paniculatum Huds. Fl. Angl. 23. 1762
Phalaris aspera Retz. Obs. 4: 14. 1786. (Type from Europe.) Phleum asperum Jacq. Coll. Bot. 1: 110. 1786. (Type from Europe.)
Planlinia aspera Bubani, (Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 5: 317, hyponym. 1873) Fl. Pyren. 4: 269. 1901. (Based on Phleum asperum Jacq.)
Annual; culms erect, bushy-branched, glabrous, 10-40 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous or somewhat roughened, the upper more or less inflated; ligule truncate, as much as 3 mm. long; blades scabrous, flat, 2-10 cm. long, 4—10 mm. wide; panicles stiff, cylindric, somewhat narrowed at tip, 2-8 cm. long, 3-6 mm. wide; spikelets wedge-shaped or obcordate, about 2 mm. long; glumes glabrous or finely granulate-roughened, narrowed below, rounded above with a sharp hard tip; lemma acutish, about 1.3 mm. long.
Type locality: England.
Distribution: Ballast, near Portland, Oregon; Mediterranean region.

Annuals, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems solitary, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or sc apes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence simple spikes, Inflorescence a dense slender spike-like panicle or raceme, branches contracted, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence spike linear or cylindric, several times longer than wide, Inflorescence single raceme, fascicle or spike, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glumes awned, awn 1-5 mm or longer, Glumes keeled or winged, Glumes 3 nerved, Glume saccate, inflated, or flabellate, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma body or surface hairy, Lemma apex truncate, rounded, or obtuse, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to lemma, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.