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Bigleaf Bristlegrass

Setaria palmifolia (J. Koenig) Stapf

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Panicum palmifolium Willdenow ex Poiret (1816) is a nomen novum for the illegitimate later homonym P. plicatum Willdenow (1809), not Lamarck (1791), but is itself illegitimate as a later homonym of P. palmifolium J. König (1788). Both Chaemaeraphis palmifolia and Chaetochloa palmifolia are based on P. palmifolium Willdenow ex Poiret, but must be treated as nomina nova rather than new combinations.

This species is used for food and medicine.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of China Vol. 22: 531, 532 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Perennials; clums caespitose, 60-100 cm tall, with short rhizome. Blade lanceolate, pubescent below, to 40 cm long, to 6.5 cm wide, plicate; sheath keeled, papillose-hispid; ligule a ring of hairs, 1.5- 2 mm long. Panicle loose, as much as 40 cm long, spikelets crowded, branches extending into bristles of 5-15 mm long; main axis nearly glabrous. Spikelets 3-4 mm long, lanceolate, acute; glumes and lower lemma with margins hyaline; lower glume 3-5-veined, ovate, 1/3-1/2 as long as spikelet; upper glume ovate, 5-7-veined, 1/2 to as long as spikelet; lower lemma 5-veined, acuminate, with a short incurved point, enclosing a hyaline lower palea; upper lemma ovate, faintly and transversely rugose, mucronate, shiny; anther ca.1.4 mm long.
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Gramineae (Poaceae) in Flora of Taiwan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Poaceae in Flora of Taiwan @ eFloras.org
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Chang-Sheng Kuoh
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Description

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Perennial from a short knotty rhizome. Culms erect or slightly geniculate, 75–200 cm tall, 3–7(–10) mm in diam. Leaf sheaths usually sparsely hispid, margins tuberculate-ciliate near ligule, otherwise glabrous; leaf blades fusiform-lanceolate, plicate, 20–60 × 2–7 cm, glabrous or hispid, narrowed toward base, apex acuminate; ligule 2–3 mm, ciliate. Panicle 20–60 × 2–10 cm, branches up to 20 cm, laxly spreading, flexuous, some spikelets subtended by a single 5–15 mm bristle. Spikelets broadly lanceolate, 3–4 mm, acute; lower glume triangular-ovate, 1/3–1/2 as long as spikelet, obtuse to acute; upper glume ovate, 1/2–3/4 as long as spikelet, 5–7-veined, acute; lower lemma neuter, often distinctly longer than upper floret, 5-veined, tipped with a short incurved beak; lower palea narrow, hyaline, 2/3 as long as lemma; upper lemma indistinctly rugulose to almost smooth, slightly shiny, apex apiculate, green and compressed. Fl. and fr. Aug–Dec. 2n = 36, 54.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of China Vol. 22: 531, 532 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Distribution

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Tropics of Old World, introduced in the New World.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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Distribution

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Tropics of the Old World. Taiwan, in shady places.
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Gramineae (Poaceae) in Flora of Taiwan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Poaceae in Flora of Taiwan @ eFloras.org
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Chang-Sheng Kuoh
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Elevation Range

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300-1800 m
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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Habitat & Distribution

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Open forests, thicket margins, shady pathsides. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [W Africa, tropical Asia].
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Flora of China Vol. 22: 531, 532 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Synonym

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Panicum palmifolium J. König, Naturforscher. 23: 208. 1788.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Gramineae (Poaceae) in Flora of Taiwan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Poaceae in Flora of Taiwan @ eFloras.org
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Chang-Sheng Kuoh
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Synonym

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Panicum palmifolium J. König, Naturforscher 23: 208. 1788 ["palmaefolium"]; Chamaeraphis palmifolia Kuntze; Chaetochloa palmifolia Hitchcock & Chase; Panicum neurodes Schultes; P. palmifolium Willdenow ex Poiret (1816), not J. Konig (1788); P. plicatum Willdenow (1809), not Lamarck (1791).
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 22: 531, 532 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Chile Central
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Universidad de Santiago de Chile
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Pablo Gutierrez
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Physical Description

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Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems trailing, spreading or prostrat e, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes solid or spongy, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaf blades plicate, corrugated, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath hairy, hispid or prickly, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades lanceolate, Leaf blades ovate, Leaf blades 2 or more cm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule a fringe of hairs, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence so litary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence a panicle with narrowly racemose or spicate branches, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelet with 1 fertile floret and 1-2 sterile florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Spikelets all subtended by bristles, Spikelet bristles 1-3, Spikelet bracts bristles not disarticulating with spikelets, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer than spikelet, Glumes 3 nerved, Glumes 4-7 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma becoming indurate, enclosing palea and caryopsis, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma rugose, with cross wrinkles, or roughened, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea shorter than lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis.
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Setaria palmifolia

provided by wikipedia EN

Setaria palmifolia is a species of grass known by the common names palmgrass,[2] highland pitpit, hailans pitpit, short pitpit, broadleaved bristlegrass, and knotroot. In Spanish it is called pasto de palma and in Samoan vao 'ofe 'ofe.[3] It is native to temperate and tropical Asia.[4] It is known elsewhere as an introduced, and often invasive, species, including in Australia, New Zealand, many Pacific Islands,[3] and the Americas.[4]

Description

This species is a perennial grass with stems growing up to two[5] or three[6] meters long from a knotty rhizome. The stems can be up to a centimeter thick. The leaf sheaths are sparsely[5] to totally hairy.[6] The leaf blades are linear, oval,[6] or lance-shaped and up to 60[5] to 80[6] centimeters long by 7 or 8 centimeters wide. They have a pleated texture and are hairless or with some rough hairs. The panicle is loose, open and spreading, reaching up to 80 centimeters long. The spikelet is a few millimeters long but is often accompanied by a bristle which can be 1.5 centimeters long.[5]

Uses

The grass is cultivated as an ornamental plant for its palm-like pleated leaves. Some cultivars have striped leaves and 'Rubra' has purple midribs.[7]

It is grown as a vegetable crop in Papua New Guinea, where that is known as Highland Pitpit. The stem of the grass is eaten after cooking.[8] The grain can be eaten as a rice substitute.[9]

A folk belief in Taiwan holds that the number of latitudinal creases on the leaf predicts the number of typhoons that will hit the area in the coming or current typhoon season. It is known locally as typhoon grass.

Ecology

The grass has been introduced to many areas, often as an ornamental. It is widespread in the Pacific Islands. It has become an invasive plant on Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, Rapa Nui, Fiji, and the Solomon Islands, and in Samoa and Hawaii. It is also invasive in New Zealand and Queensland.[3]

The grass is robust and spreads via rhizome and seed banks, forming monotypic stands. It is a tall plant with wide leaves that shade out other vegetation.[3] The rampant feral pigs of Hawaii facilitate its spread there by uprooting the surrounding plants while feeding on its thick stems. It is also spread by seed-eating birds.[10]

This species is host to the fungi Cercospora setariae and Phacellium paspali.[11]

References

  1. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Setaria palmifolia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d Setaria palmifolia. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). USDA Forest Service.
  4. ^ a b "Setaria palmifolia". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d Setaria palmifolia. Flora of China.
  6. ^ a b c d Setaria palmifolia. GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  7. ^ A Floridata Plant Profile: Setaria palmifolia. FloriData.
  8. ^ Rose, C. J. (1980). Optimum replanting stage for two varieties of pit-pit (Setaria palmifolia) in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea Agricultural Journal 31(1-4), 23-29.
  9. ^ Setaria palmifolia. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Grass Manual. Flora of North America.
  10. ^ Setaria palmifolia. Pest Plants of Hawaiian Native Ecosystems. Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa.
  11. ^ Kirschner, R., et al. (2004). Some cercosporoid hyphomycetes from Taiwan, including a new species of Stenella and new reports of Distocercospora pachyderma and Phacellium paspali. Fungal Diversity 17, 57-68.
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wikipedia EN

Setaria palmifolia: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Setaria palmifolia is a species of grass known by the common names palmgrass, highland pitpit, hailans pitpit, short pitpit, broadleaved bristlegrass, and knotroot. In Spanish it is called pasto de palma and in Samoan vao 'ofe 'ofe. It is native to temperate and tropical Asia. It is known elsewhere as an introduced, and often invasive, species, including in Australia, New Zealand, many Pacific Islands, and the Americas.

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Setaria palmifolia ( French )

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La sétaire à feuilles de palmier (Setaria palmifolia) est une espèce de plantes monocotylédones de la famille des Poaceae (graminées), originaire d'Asie tempérée et tropicale.

Setaria palmifolia est une plante herbacée vivace, cultivée parfois comme céréale secondaire pour ses graines, mais surtout comme plante ornementale.

Elle s'est répandue, souvent à la suite d'introductions volontaires, notamment dans les îles du Pacifique et en Australie. Elle est parfois considéré comme une plante envahissante.

Distribution

L'aire de répartition originelle de Setaria palmifolia comprend une partie de l'Asie tempérée (Chine, Taïwan, Japon) et de l'Asie tropicale (sous-continent indien, Indochine, Malaisie, Philippines, Papouasie, îles Salomon). L'espèce s'est répandue en Afrique occidentale tempéré (Maroc) et tropicale (Guinée équatoriale), en Australasie (Australie et Nouvelle-Zélande), dans les îles du Pacifique sud-ouest (Fidji, Samoa) et nord central (Hawaï), en Amérique du Nord (Mexique), en Amérique centrale (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá) et dans les Caraïbes (Cuba, République dominicaine, Haïti, Jamaïque, Îles du Vent, Porto Rico, Trinité-et-Tobago), en Amérique du Sud (Brésil, Colombie, Équateur, Venezuela)[2].

C'est une espèce qui présente une certaine rusticité (à - 5 °C), si bien que la plante s'acclimate assez facilement, souvent même considérée comme envahissante. Son introduction est interdite dans certains pays.

Description

De croissance rapide, elle peut atteindre 150 à 200 cm de hauteur (dans une région au climat adéquat).

Les feuilles ressemblent à celles d'un cocotier, lancéolées, larges, jusqu'à 12 cm, plissées, qui se recourbent gracieusement, portées sur de courtes tiges au port érigé sur les tiges les plus anciennes, alors que les jeunes pousses sont fines et retombantes.

À la floraison, la plante produit des épis floraux en de légères inflorescences blanches, mais sans grand intérêt visuel.

Utilisation

  • Plante exotique ornementale pour ses grandes feuilles vertes qui évoquent des feuilles de palmier.
  • Alimentation humaine : culture vivrière en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, ses feuilles sont consommées comme légume-feuille et ses graines comme du riz souvent comme succédané de cette céréale.

Taxinomie

L' espèce a été décrite initialement par le botaniste allemand Koenig et publiée en 1788 (Der Naturforscher (Halle) 23: 208) sous le nom de Panicum palmifolium (ainsi que sous les variantes Panicum palmaefolium et Panicum palmifolia. Elle a été rattachée en 1857 une première fois au genre Setaria sous le nom de Setaria lenis par le botaniste néerlandais Miquel (Flora van Nederlandsch Indie, iii. 468.). Elle a reçu par la suite d'autres noms dans les genres Agrostis, Panicum , Chaetochloa, Chamearaphis et Setaria[3].

Selon certains auteurs, « cette espèce variable se rapproche de Setaria plicata d'un côté et de Setaria poiretiana de l'autre » et pour d'autres la première serait une forme appauvrie de Setaria palmifolia[3].

Liste des variétés

Selon Tropicos (2 juillet 2016)[4] (Attention liste brute contenant possiblement des synonymes) :

  • variété Setaria palmifolia var. blepharoneuron (A. Braun) Veldkamp
  • variété Setaria palmifolia var. palmifolia

Notes et références

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Setaria palmifolia: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

La sétaire à feuilles de palmier (Setaria palmifolia) est une espèce de plantes monocotylédones de la famille des Poaceae (graminées), originaire d'Asie tempérée et tropicale.

Setaria palmifolia est une plante herbacée vivace, cultivée parfois comme céréale secondaire pour ses graines, mais surtout comme plante ornementale.

Elle s'est répandue, souvent à la suite d'introductions volontaires, notamment dans les îles du Pacifique et en Australie. Elle est parfois considéré comme une plante envahissante.

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Setaria palmifolia ( Portuguese )

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Setaria palmifolia é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Poaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é (J.Koenig) Stapf, tendo sido publicada em Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 42(285): 186. 1914.[1]

Portugal

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente no Arquipélago dos Açores.

Em termos de naturalidade é introduzida na região atrás indicada.

Protecção

Não se encontra protegida por legislação portuguesa ou da Comunidade Europeia.

Referências

  1. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 7 de Outubro de 2014 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/25509964>

Bibliografia

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Setaria palmifolia: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Setaria palmifolia é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Poaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é (J.Koenig) Stapf, tendo sido publicada em Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 42(285): 186. 1914.

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Setaria palmifolia ( Vietnamese )

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Setaria palmifolia là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được (J.Koenig) Stapf miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1914.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Setaria palmifolia. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết chủ đề tông thực vật Paniceae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Setaria palmifolia: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Setaria palmifolia là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được (J.Koenig) Stapf miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1914.

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棕叶狗尾草 ( Chinese )

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二名法 Setaria palmifolia
(J.Koenig) Stapf

棕叶狗尾草(学名:Setaria palmifolia)为一种多年生草本植物高0.75~2米,直径约3~7毫米,具支柱根。叶片呈纺锤状宽披针形,长20~59厘米,宽2~7厘米。生于山坡或谷地林下阴湿处。原产于非洲,现广布与世界各地的热带亚热带地区[1]

台灣,民間盛傳看葉片上自然折痕的數量可預測當年會有幾次颱風,因此又稱為颱風草、風颱草、風動草、風動草、龍船草、大風草。

参考资料

  1. ^ 棕叶狗尾草. 中国植物物种信息数据库. [2011-11-01] (中文(中国大陆)‎).
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棕叶狗尾草: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

棕叶狗尾草(学名:Setaria palmifolia)为一种多年生草本植物高0.75~2米,直径约3~7毫米,具支柱根。叶片呈纺锤状宽披针形,长20~59厘米,宽2~7厘米。生于山坡或谷地林下阴湿处。原产于非洲,现广布与世界各地的热带亚热带地区。

台灣,民間盛傳看葉片上自然折痕的數量可預測當年會有幾次颱風,因此又稱為颱風草、風颱草、風動草、風動草、龍船草、大風草。

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