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Eastern Underground Orchid

Rhizanthella slateri (Rupp) M. A. Clem. & P. J. Cribb

Biology

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Very little is known about the ecology of this elusive underground orchid. Flowers are visible on the forest floor in late winter to early spring but further research is needed to determine other factors of its natural history (4).
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Conservation

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Further research into this underground orchid is desperately needed, both to provide insights into its ecology and to assess its conservation status. It is vital to preserve a meaningful population in the wild if this fascinating species is to persist (4).
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Description

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Rhizanthella slateri is the lesser known of the two underground orchid species found in Australia (4). Unlike the western underground orchid (R. gardneri), which never emerges from the soil, the small purple flowers (2) of this species do break through and can be visible amongst the leaf litter on the forest floor (4).
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Habitat

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The habitat requirements of this orchid are less understood than those of Rhizanthella gardneri and no particular vegetation type has yet been associated with this species (2).
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Range

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Endemic to Australia, this cryptic orchid has only been observed at a handful of sites in New South Wales and Queensland (2). The discovery in 2002 of a colony comprising around 8 flowering heads on the slopes of Alum Mountain in New South Wales represents the largest population of this species that is currently known (4).
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Status

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Listed on Appendix II of CITES (3).
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Threats

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Rhizanthella slateri is only known from small populations at a few isolated sites, it is therefore at risk from any disturbance to these areas. The recently discovered population close to Buladelah in New South Wales is found on a site that has been designated as part of a highway extension, a development that would result in the loss of this rare orchid (4).
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Rhizanthella slateri ( German )

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Rhizanthella slateri ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Orchideen (Orchidaceae). Die Art ist in Ostaustralien beheimatet und lebt vollständig unterirdisch.

Merkmale

Vegetativer Habitus

Rhizanthella slateri ist eine blatt- und wurzellose, unterirdisch wachsende Pflanze. Sie hat die Photosynthese vollständig aufgegeben und bildet dementsprechend kein Chlorophyll mehr; stattdessen lebt sie myko-heterotroph.

Das 5 bis 10 Millimeter dicke und 100 bis 150 Millimeter lange, verzweigte Rhizom der Pflanzen ist weiß, fleischig und mit einander überlappenden Nebenblättern besetzt.

Blüte

Die Pflanze blüht im Oktober/November. Dann wächst aus dem Rhizom bis unmittelbar unter die Erdoberfläche (vereinzelt auch bis zu 2 Zentimeter hervorstehend) ein mit zahlreichen, einander überlappenden Nebenblättern besetzter Blütenstängel, an dem endständig ein einzelnes sogenanntes Capitulum steht, ein aufrechter, konischer Blütenkopf mit einem Durchmesser von 15 bis 20 Millimetern. Das Capitulum ist von rund 18 weißen, fleischigen, 6 bis 8 Millimeter langen und 2 bis 3 Millimeter breiten, einander überlappenden Hochblättern eingefasst; diese sind dreieckig und einnervig.

Die zwischen 15 und 36 röhrenförmigen Einzelblüten sind 6 bis 8 Millimeter lang und 3 Millimeter breit, von violetter Farbe und stehen im oben abgeflachten Capitulum arrangiert. Die dicht papillösen Kelch- und Kronblätter sind unverwachsen, stehen aber eng aneinander. Die Kelchblätter sind 3 bis 4 Millimeter lang und 1,8 bis 2,2 Millimeter breit, die Kronblätter 2 bis 2,3 Millimeter lang und 1,5 Millimeter breit.

Das hintere Kelchblatt ist an der Spitze linealisch bis fadenförmig und über die Columna gebogen, die seitlichen Kelchblätter laufen sind an ihrer Spitze ebenfalls fadenförmig. Das auf einem 1 Millimeter langen Stiel sitzende Labellum ist breit herzförmig, 2 Millimeter lang und 2 Millimeter breit, eingebogen, fleischig, an der Oberseite dicht papillös und tiefrot.

Die Columna ist kurz und breit, ihre Flügel sind zu schmalen, papillösen, ohrförmigen Fortsätzen reduziert. Die Staubbeutel sind breit und gebogen, die Narbe ist polsterartig verdickt.

Verbreitung, Habitat, Botanische Geschichte, Status

Die Art ist im Grenzgebiet von New South Wales zu Queensland beheimatet. Weniger als zehn Standorte sind bekannt; der größte Fundort auf den Hängen des Alum Mountains umfasst nur acht Individuen. Die Pflanzen wachsen in waldigen, gut dränierten Standorten in Höhenlagen zwischen 10 und 1000 m. Anders als Rhizanthella gardneri scheint die Art nicht auf eine spezielle Wirtspflanze angewiesen zu sein, sondern findet sich in Gesellschaft verschiedener Pflanzen, häufiger mit Eucalyptus-Arten.

Die ersten Exemplare der Art wurden 1931 von Ernest Slater auf dem Alum Mountain bei Buladelah in New South Wales entdeckt und 1932 von Herman Montague Rucker Rupp als Crypthanthemis slateri erstbeschrieben. 1984 wurde sie zur Gattung Rhizanthella gestellt.

An einem weiteren Standort nahe Buladelah bestehen Pläne zum Bau von Straßen, die den Standort bedrohen. Da sich das ganze Ausmaß der Bestände wegen der unterirdischen Lebensweise der Art jedoch nur schwer beziffern lässt, ist eine Abschätzung der daraus resultierenden Bedrohung für das Überleben der Art derzeit nicht möglich.

Rhizanthella slateri wird derzeit auf Anhang 2 des Washingtoner Artenschutzabkommens geführt.

Quellen

  • David L. Jones: A complete guide to native orchids of Australia: including the island territories., p.373, Frenchs Forest, 2006, ISBN 1-8770-6912-4
  • Gwen Harden: Flora of New South Wales, Vol. 4, 1993, p. 219, UNSW Press, Kensington, ISBN 0-8684-0188-9

Weblinks

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Rhizanthella slateri: Brief Summary ( German )

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Rhizanthella slateri ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Orchideen (Orchidaceae). Die Art ist in Ostaustralien beheimatet und lebt vollständig unterirdisch.

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Rhizanthella slateri

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Rhizanthella slateri, commonly known as the eastern underground orchid,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a mycoheterotrophic herb that spends most of its life under the soil surface, its flowers only sometimes appearing a few millimetres about ground level.

Description

Rhizanthella slateri is a leafless, sympodial herb with a branching, whitish, underground stem up to 150 mm (5.9 in) long and about 15 mm (0.59 in) in diameter with prominent overlapping bracts. The stem is often branched with up to four flowering heads. The heads are up to 20 mm (0.79 in) in diameter and have up to thirty tube-shaped, purplish flowers surrounded by whitish, triangular floral bracts up to 8 mm (0.31 in) long. The dorsal sepal is curved with a thread-like tip and has a broad base that forms a hood over the column and the lateral sepals, sometimes protruding above the floral bracts. The petals are about half as long as the lateral sepals. The labellum is thick, tongue-like, heart-shaped and covered with fine, pimply papillae. The column is short and broad with narrow "wings". Flowering occurs in October and November with the heads maturing below the soil surface or up to 20 mm (0.79 in) above ground level.[2][3][4][5]

Taxonomy and naming

The eastern underground orchid was first formally described in 1932 by Herman Rupp and given the name Cryptanthemis slateri in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales from specimens collected near Bulahdelah in 1931.[6][7] In 1985, Mark Clements and Phillip Cribb changed the name to Rhizanthella slateri.[8] The specific epithet (slateri) honours Ernest William Slater who discovered the species.[7][9]

Distribution and habitat

Rhizanthella slateri grows in forest, usually under a deep layer of organic litter. It is known from populations in the Buladelah area, the Watagan Mountains, Blue Mountains, Dharug National Park and near Nowra, each population only known from a few individuals. Records from the Lamington Plateau in Queensland are now recognised as R. omissa.[2][4][5]

Conservation status

This underground orchid is listed as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "vulnerable" under the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. The Bulahdelah population in the Great Lakes Local Government Area is listed as "endangered". That population was threatened by the building of a new highway, but a small diversion saved some individuals and some were able to be relocated.[2][4][5][10]

References

  1. ^ a b "Rhizanthella slateri". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d "Approved Conservation Advice for Rhizanthella slateri (eastern underground orchid)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  3. ^ Weston, Peter H. "Rhizanthella slateri". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  4. ^ a b c "Eastern Australian Underground Orchid - profile". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  5. ^ a b c "Rhizanthella slateri population in the Great Lakes local government area - endangered population listing". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  6. ^ "Cryptanthemis slateri". APNI. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  7. ^ a b Rupp, Herman (1932). "Notes on New South Wales Orchids". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 57: 58–61. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  8. ^ "Rhizanthella slateri". APNI. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  9. ^ "Australian Plant Collectors and Illustrators (S)". Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria Australian National Herbarium. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  10. ^ Allen, Craig (5 November 2010). "Rare orchid successfully relocated". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 28 September 2020.

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Wikipedia authors and editors
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wikipedia EN

Rhizanthella slateri: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Rhizanthella slateri, commonly known as the eastern underground orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a mycoheterotrophic herb that spends most of its life under the soil surface, its flowers only sometimes appearing a few millimetres about ground level.

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Rhizanthella slateri ( Vietnamese )

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Rhizanthella slateri là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Lan. Loài này được (Rupp) M.A.Clem. & P.J.Cribb miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1984.[2]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Bản mẫu:SPRAT
  2. ^ The Plant List (2010). Rhizanthella slateri. Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
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Rhizanthella slateri: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Rhizanthella slateri là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Lan. Loài này được (Rupp) M.A.Clem. & P.J.Cribb miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1984.

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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
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