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Afraflacilla

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 Afraflacilla grayorum from Kiwirrkurra Indigenous Protected Area in the Gibson Desert, Western Australia
Afraflacilla grayorum from Kiwirrkurra Indigenous Protected Area in the Gibson Desert, Western Australia

Afraflacilla is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders).[1][2][3] Most species are distributed in Eastern to Northern Africa (including the Middle East) and Australia, with two species (A. epiblemoides and A. tarajalis) found in Europe. This genus was for a time included in the genus Pseudicius, and the boundaries between both genera are disputed. In 2016 Jerzy Prószyński erected the genus Psenuc for some borderline species.[1][4] The name Afraflacilla is combined from Africa, where most earlier described species were found, and Flacilla Simon, 1901, an obsolete salticid genus now called Flacillula Strand, 1932. This genus name is in turn derived from Aelia Flaccilla, wife of Roman Emperor Theodosius I. Afraflacilla, Pseudicius, Festucula and Marchena are close relatives and form a monophyletic group.

Afraflacilla species have tubercles and bristles (on the sides of the carapace near the eyes and on their legs) which they rub together to make sounds used in courtship and possibly defence. The line of small tubercles (sharp knobs) under the eyes on the side of the carapace are usually visible to the naked eye.[5]

Afraflacilla in Australia

Afraflacilla species in Australia include A. grayorum, A. gunbar, A. huntorum, A. milledgei, A. stridulator, A. vestjensi and A. yeni. In Australia they occupy tree trunks in deserts, savanna woodland and in open sclerophyll forests from south west Western Australia to Cape York Queensland, mostly in warmer regions. There are many undescribed Australian species. Afraflacilla grayorum Grays' stridulating jumping spider, found in northern Australian deserts, was named in honour of Michael and Greta Gray.[6]

The male palpal organ of many Australian Afraflacilla species has a large, circling embolus (inseminating sclerite) and retro-lateral tibial apophysis (side spike). Some undescribed Australian Afraflacilla species have greatly enlarged segments of the first pair of legs, and sometimes massive spurs coming from underneath the tibia and metatarsus (third and second last leg segments). Enlarged leg-one segments are also a feature of Pseudicius, a genus widespread outside Australia.[6]

Species

 Palpal organs of two species of undescribed Australian Afraflacilla showing the obviously different places on the imaginary clock face at which the embolus arises. These are diagnostic for species, in combination with other characters.
Palpal organs of two species of undescribed Australian Afraflacilla showing the obviously different places on the imaginary clock face at which the embolus arises. These are diagnostic for species, in combination with other characters.

As of April 2022, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Bern, Natural History Museum. "Gen. Afraflacilla Berland & Millot, 1941". World Spider Catalog. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  2. ^ Żabka, Marek (1993). "Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions. IX.* Genera Afrajlacilla Berland & Millot 1941 and Evarcha Simon 1902". Invertebrate Taxonomy. 7 (2): 279–295. doi:10.1071/it9930279.
  3. ^ Żabka, Marek (2002). "Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific regions, XVI. New species of Grayenulla and Afraflacilla". Records of the Australian Museum. 54 (3): 269–274. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.54.2002.1366.
  4. ^ Prószyński, Jerzy (2016). "Delimitation and description of 19 new genera, a subgenus and a species of Salticidae (Araneae) of the world". Ecologica Montenegrina. 7: 4–32. doi:10.37828/em.2016.7.1.
  5. ^ Whyte, Robert (2017). A Field Guide to Spiders of Australia CSIRO. Australia: CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 9780643107076.
  6. ^ a b "ARACHNE.ORG.AU". www.arachne.org.au. Retrieved 2017-05-24.
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Afraflacilla: Brief Summary

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 Afraflacilla grayorum from Kiwirrkurra Indigenous Protected Area in the Gibson Desert, Western Australia Afraflacilla grayorum from Kiwirrkurra Indigenous Protected Area in the Gibson Desert, Western Australia

Afraflacilla is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders). Most species are distributed in Eastern to Northern Africa (including the Middle East) and Australia, with two species (A. epiblemoides and A. tarajalis) found in Europe. This genus was for a time included in the genus Pseudicius, and the boundaries between both genera are disputed. In 2016 Jerzy Prószyński erected the genus Psenuc for some borderline species. The name Afraflacilla is combined from Africa, where most earlier described species were found, and Flacilla Simon, 1901, an obsolete salticid genus now called Flacillula Strand, 1932. This genus name is in turn derived from Aelia Flaccilla, wife of Roman Emperor Theodosius I. Afraflacilla, Pseudicius, Festucula and Marchena are close relatives and form a monophyletic group.

Afraflacilla species have tubercles and bristles (on the sides of the carapace near the eyes and on their legs) which they rub together to make sounds used in courtship and possibly defence. The line of small tubercles (sharp knobs) under the eyes on the side of the carapace are usually visible to the naked eye.

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Afraflacilla ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Rafalus es un género de arañas araneomorfas de la familia Salticidae. Se encuentra en África, Oriente Medio, Europa y Australia.

Lista de especies

Según The World Spider Catalog 12.5::[1]

Referencias

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Afraflacilla: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Rafalus es un género de arañas araneomorfas de la familia Salticidae. Se encuentra en África, Oriente Medio, Europa y Australia.

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Afraflacilla ( French )

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Afraflacilla est un genre d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Salticidae[1].

Distribution

Les espèces de ce genre se rencontrent en Afrique, en Asie, en Océanie et en Europe du Sud[1].

Liste des espèces

Selon World Spider Catalog (version 22.5, 28/11/2021)[2] :

Publication originale

  • Berland & Millot, 1941 : « Les araignées de l'Afrique Occidentale Française I.-Les salticides. » Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, (N.S.), vol. 12, p. 297-423.

Notes et références

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Afraflacilla: Brief Summary ( French )

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Afraflacilla est un genre d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Salticidae.

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Afraflacilla ( Italian )

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Afraflacilla Berland & Millot, 1941 è un genere di ragni appartenente alla Famiglia Salticidae.

Etimologia

Il nome è composto dal prefisso Afra-, che richiama l'origine africana dei primi esemplari rinvenuti attribuiti a questo genere, e Flacilla Simon, 1901, nome di genere oggi obsoleto e sostituito da Flacillula Strand, 1932; a sua volta Flacilla deriva da Elia Flaccilla, moglie dell'imperatore romano Teodosio I.

Caratteristiche

In base a vari caratteri in comune, si ritiene che i generi Afraflacilla, Pseudicius, Festucula e Marchena, facciano parte di un unico gruppo monofiletico[1].

Habitat

Questi ragnetti sono rinvenuti nei tronchi d'albero delle savane e nelle foreste a sclerofillo[1].

Distribuzione

Le 17 specie oggi note di questo genere sono diffuse in Africa, Australia e Asia. Una sola specie, A. epiblemoides è endemica dell'Europa[2]

Tassonomia

Questo genere apparteneva fino al 1993 al genere Pseudicius e tuttora tale distacco è contestato da alcuni aracnologi[1].

A maggio 2010, si compone di 17 specie[2]:

Note

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Afraflacilla: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Afraflacilla Berland & Millot, 1941 è un genere di ragni appartenente alla Famiglia Salticidae.

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Afraflacilla ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Afraflacilla is een geslacht van spinnen uit de familie springspinnen (Salticidae).

Soorten

De volgende soorten zijn bij het geslacht ingedeeld:[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Afraflacilla: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Afraflacilla is een geslacht van spinnen uit de familie springspinnen (Salticidae).

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Afraflacilla ( Portuguese )

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 src=
Afraflacilla

Afraflacilla é um gênero de aranha da família Salticidae, também conhecidas como aranhas saltadoras. A maior parte das espécies desse gênero está distribuída nas partes ocidentais e norte da África, incluindo partes do Oriente médio e Austrália, com um espécie encontrada na Europa (A. epiblemoides).[1]

Este gênero foi uma vez incluído no gênero Pseudicius, assim os limites entre os dois gêneros é disputado.

Afraflacilla foi primeiramente descrita na Austrália em 1993, onde se alojam no tronco das árvores de bosque das savanas, também em florestas abertas chamadas sclerophyll.[2]

Relacionamentos

Afraflacilla, Pseudicius, Festucula e Marchena são muito semelhantes e formam um grupo monofilético.[2]

Nome

O nome é uma combinação de África, onde as primeiras espécies foram descobertas, e Flacilla nome de um gênero saltador obsoleto atualmente chamado Flacillula. O nome deste gênero é derivado de Aelia Flaccilla, esposa do imperador romano Theodosius I.

Referências

  1. Platnick, Norman I. (2009): The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History.
  2. a b Zabka, Marek & Gray, Michael R. (2002): Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, XVI. New Species of Grayenulla and Afraflacilla. Records of the Australian Museum 54: 269-274. PDF[ligação inativa]

Leitura recomendada

  • Zabka, Marek (1993): Salticidae (Arachnida : Araneae) of the Oriental, Australian and Pacific regions. X. Genera Afraflacilla Berland & Millot 1941 and Evarcha Simon 1902. Invertebrate Taxonomy 7(2): 279-295. doi:10.1071/IT9930279

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Afraflacilla: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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 src= Afraflacilla

Afraflacilla é um gênero de aranha da família Salticidae, também conhecidas como aranhas saltadoras. A maior parte das espécies desse gênero está distribuída nas partes ocidentais e norte da África, incluindo partes do Oriente médio e Austrália, com um espécie encontrada na Europa (A. epiblemoides).

Este gênero foi uma vez incluído no gênero Pseudicius, assim os limites entre os dois gêneros é disputado.

Afraflacilla foi primeiramente descrita na Austrália em 1993, onde se alojam no tronco das árvores de bosque das savanas, também em florestas abertas chamadas sclerophyll.

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Afraflacilla ( Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan )

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Afraflacilla este un gen de păianjeni din familia Salticidae.[1]

Cladograma conform Catalogue of Life[1]:

Afraflacilla

Afraflacilla antineae



Afraflacilla berlandi



Referințe

  1. ^ a b Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (2011). „Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Accesat în 24 september 2012. Verificați datele pentru: |access-date= (ajutor)Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (link)

Legături externe

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Afraflacilla ( Vietnamese )

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Afraflacilla là một chi nhện trong họ Salticidae.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Norman I. Platnick. “The World Spider Catalog, Version 13.5”. Truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về phân họ nhện Aelurillinae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Afraflacilla: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Afraflacilla là một chi nhện trong họ Salticidae.

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Afraflacilla ( Russian )

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Латинское название Afraflacilla Berland & Millot, 1941

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Систематика
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ITIS 871568

Afraflacilla (лат.) — род аранеоморфных пауков из подсемейства Aelurillinae в семействе пауков-скакунов (Salticidae).

Этимология

Название Afraflacilla скомбинировано из слов — Африка, место где распространены рано открытые виды, и плюс устаревшее название рода Flacilla, который ныне Flacillula

Виды

Ссылки

  • Zabka, Marek & Gray, Michael R. (2002): Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, XVI. New Species of Grayenulla and Afraflacilla. Records of the Australian Museum 54: 269-274. PDF (недоступная ссылка)
  • Platnick, Norman I. (2009): The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History.
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Afraflacilla: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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Afraflacilla (лат.) — род аранеоморфных пауков из подсемейства Aelurillinae в семействе пауков-скакунов (Salticidae).

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