Lycosa nemoralis Westring, 1861 : 472 (♂♀).
Xerolycosa nemoralis : Dahl 1908 : 361, f. 57 (♂♀).
Tarentula flavitibia Saito, 1934 : 355, pl. 13, f. 31, pl. 15, f. 84 (♀).
Xerolycosa nemoralis : Holm 1947 : 23, pl. 4, f. 36-37, pl. 10, f. 25 (♂♀).
Saitocosa flavitibia : Roewer 1960 : 889.
Xerolycosa nemoralis : Zyuzin 1985 : 48, f. 15-16, 20-22 (♂♀).
Xerolycosa nemoralis : Roberts 1985 : 140, f. 61a (♂♀).
Xerolycosa nemoralis : Roberts 1995 : 222, f. (♂♀).
Xerolycosa nemoralis : Roberts 1998 : 236, f. (♂♀).
Xerolycosa nemoralis : Almquist 2005 : 252, f. 246a-i (♂♀).
For a complete list of references see Platnick (2011) .
Misidentification.
Xerolycosa nemoralis : Yin et al. 1997 : 10, f. 3a-d (♀), refer to a species with unclear generic affinities.
Material examined.
FINLAND (selected records from different parts of the range): 18♂♀ (ZMUT), Vuolijoki, Vuottolahti, Lapinniemi (64°13'N, 27°20'E), 16.07.1972 (P.T. Lehtinen); 1♂ (ZMUT), Hammarland Sålis (60°15'N, 19°44'E), dry forest, 26.06.-06.08.1971 (P.T. Lehtinen); 5♂ 4♀ (ZMUT), Turku Kärsämäki (60°30'N, 22°15'E), forest, 24.04.-04.08.1972 (I. Oksala); 12♂♀ (ZMUT), Harjavalta, Sport center (61°17'N, 22°10'E), pine forest, 09.07.-09.08.1992 (S. Koponen). RUSSIA: Adygeya:2 ♀ (TNU-2718/18), Caucasian State Reserve, env. kordon Guzeripl (44°00'N, 40°08'E, ~ 670 m), Abies & Fagus wood, 13-17.08.2009 (M.M. Kovblyuk); 2 ♀ (TNU-2719/3), Caucasian State Reserve, env. kordon Guzeripl (44°00'N, 40°08'E, ~ 670 m), Abies & Fagus wood, pitfalls, 16-23.08.2009 (M.M. Kovblyuk). Krasnoyarsk Prov.: 1♀ (IBPN), West Sayany Mts., Oiskiy Mt. Range, Buiba Riv., 52°47'N, 93°18'E, 1230 m, among stones, 20-21.06.1995 (Yu.M. Marusik). Sakhalin Island: 4♂ 4♀ 13 juv. (IBPN), SE part, Tsapko Vill. env., Zhdanko Mt. Range, 48°06.051'N, 142°31.557'E, h 220m, foothill of Vladimirovka Mt., stony debris along temporary creek, 1.08.2001 (Y.M.Marusik); 5♂ 2♀ (IBPN), SE part, env. ofStarodubskoye Vil., Naiba River mouth part, 47°24.992'N, 142°45.384'E, 23.07.2001 (Y.M.Marusik); 4♂ 5♀ (IBPN), SW part, Krilyon Peninsula, W shore, ca 5 km S of Shebunino Vil., Kitosia River mouth, 36°22.536'N, 141°52.562'E, 14-15.08.2001 (Y.M.Marusik). Magadan Area: 1♂ (IBPN), ca. 30 km N of Magadan, Dukcha River Valley, gravely bank, June 1995 (Y.M.Marusik). Kamchatka Province: 1♂ (IBPN), Kamchatka Peninsula, 10-12 km N of Paratunka Vil., Yelizovo Forestry, 53.050°N, 158.225°E, 15-28.07.2004 (A.S. Ryabukhin). No precise data: numerous males and females have been collected on five Kuril Islands: Kunashir, Iturup, Urup, Chirpoi and Paramushir.
Diagnosis.
The species differs distinctly from Xerolycosa mongolica by the pattern of its carapace, having longitudinal bands and stripes, and by having the anterior median eyes situated more closely together (less than one diameter of AME, more than one diameter in Xerolycosa mongolica ). From Xerolycosa miniata , males can be distinguished by their longer seminal duct, rounded embolus, the sharply pointed process of the tegular apophysisand by the proportions of the epigyne (windows wider than high, whereas in Xerolycosa miniata they are higher than wide). Xerolycosa nemoralis females possess 2 retrolateral spines on femur I whereas the other species have only 2 prolateral spines.
Description.
Comments.
Judging from the figures, the record of Xerolycosa nemoralis by Yin et al. (1997: f. 3a-d) from China refers to another species and even a different genus.
Distribution.
Xerolycosa nemoralis has a trans-Palaearctic boreo-nemoral range ( Marusik et al. 2000 ) and occurs from the Iberian Peninsula to Kamchatka and the North Kuril Islands, north to the Polar Circle in Lapland and to central Yakutia, south to Azerbaijan and Honshu.
Xerolycosa nemoralis, or the burnt wolf spider,[2] is a species of wolf spider found from western Europe eastwards to the Pacific.
The male has swollen palpal bulbs which are as long as they are wide at the base. The grooves on the genital shield are wider than they are long. The prosoma is brown, with a bright median stripe, which has parallel margins with white hair. The sternum is dark brown and the legs are a uniform dark brown, almost black. The opisthosoma is dark brown with a slightly darker cardiac spot.[3]
The males are 4.5–5.7 millimetres (0.18–0.22 in) in length, the larger females 5–7.5 mm (0.20–0.30 in).[3]
The spider lives in dry litter and bark in sunny coppiced areas or clearings in woods, on stony chalk grassland with a short sward, on burnt heathland (up to approximately four years after the heath has been burnt) or bare patches of ground in older heathland. X. nemoralis has occurred in large numbers in sparsely vegetated man-made sites, such as railway ballast, almost to the exclusion of other wolf-spiders.[4] In mainland Europe, it can be found on the sunny edges of coniferous forest up to 1800 m above sea level.[3] Female Xerolycosa nemoralis are known to excavate shallow depressions in soil.[5]
In Britain, X. nemoralis is active from late March through the summer to mid-September. The males emerge earlier than the females and the last specimens in Autumn are females.[4]
X. nemoralis is widely distributed in Europe from south eastern England[4] east to Russia.[6] And across the Palearctic[1] to Kamchatka and Honshu, south as far as Azerbaijan.[5]
Xerolycosa nemoralis, or the burnt wolf spider, is a species of wolf spider found from western Europe eastwards to the Pacific.
