The viceroy ranges from central Canada through the eastern United States, into the Cascade Mountains and northern Mexico.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
Larvae feed on various types of willows and poplars. Viceroys produce three generations per year, and the food habits of each generation differs. The first brood consume carrion, decaying fungi, and animal dung. Later generations are more often observed at flowers of plants, such as joe-pye weed, aster, Canada thistle, shepherd's needle, and goldenrod. This difference is likely due to the colder, wetter conditions experienced by the first generation.
The viceroy has a wide range and is not threatened.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
The scientific community is divided on whether the viceroy is a Batesian mimic (a butterfly that is palatable, but mimics an unpalatable species to avoid predation) or a Mullerian mimic (a mimicry involving two unpalatable species). A recent study has shown the viceroy is less palatable than either of the species it mimics, the monarch and queen butterflies, meaning those species most likely benefit more from the mimicry than the viceroy.
Viceroys prefer open or slightly shrubby areas that are wet or near water. These include wet meadows, marshes, ponds and lakes, railroad tracks, and roadsides.
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; mountains
Aquatic Biomes: lakes and ponds; rivers and streams
In areas of the viceroy's range where monarchs are common, the viceroy tends to mimic the pattern of the monarch (Danaaus plexippus) with black striping and orange areas similar to a monarch. The viceroy can be distinguished from the monarch, however, by one row of white spots within the black fore and hind wing bands. In areas inhabited by the Queen (Danaus glippus), the white spotting of the viceroy becomes less noticeable, and the orange coloration is replaced by a deep mahogany brown.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Mating occurs in the afternoon, and the female is the egg carrier. She deposits one egg onto the tip of a leaf and chooses only leaves that have not been eaten by other insects. She deposits about three eggs per sapling.
Limenitis archippus (syn. Basilarchia archippus)[1] ist ein nordamerikanischer Schmetterling aus der Unterfamilie Limenitidinae (Eisvögel) innerhalb der Familie der Edelfalter (Nymphalidae) und wird im englischen als Viceroy Butterfly (Vizekönig) bezeichnet. Der Falter bildet Mimikry mit dem Monarchfalter (Danaus plexippus) und anderen Arten und Unterarten aus der Gattung Danaus.
Die Nominatform Limenitis archippus archippus hat eine orange Grundfarbe mit schwarzen Adern. Das ist ein für die Gattung untypisches Aussehen, deren Arten normalerweise schwarze Flügeloberseiten mit weißen Bändern haben. Er gleicht dem Monarchfalter in Größe und Farbe sehr, kann aber anhand eines zusätzlichen schwarzen Streifens in der Postdiskalregion auf dem Hinterflügel von diesem unterschieden werden. Seine Flügelspannweite beträgt zwischen 70 und 75 Millimetern.[1] Die Unterart Limenitis archippus floridensis hat statt einer orangen eine bräunliche Grundfarbe und die Unterart L. archippus obsoleta ist rotbraun, wobei bei ihr auf dem Hinterflügeloberseite die dunkle Linie fast verschwunden ist. Der Falter ist etwas kleiner als seine Mimikry-Modelle.
Die Raupen der Nominatart L. archippus archippus sind meist braungelb, selten olivgrün, mit einem lohfarbenen Thorax. Der Kopf ist rotbraun und trägt zwei kleine schwarze bedornte Hörner mit je einem kleineren Horn dahinter. Der verdickte Thorax trägt zwei stark verzweigte schwarze Hörner, die kürzer als bei anderen Arten der Gattung sind. In der Mitte des Abdomens befindet sich eine sattelförmige Ausbuchtung mit zackigen Ecken, die rosa-weiß oder cremefarben ist. Seitlich bilden cremefarbene Flecken eine Linie. Auf dem Abdomen befinden sich fünf Paare kleiner Dornen.
Die Raupen der Unterart L. a. obsoleta sind fast identisch, hinten sind sie gelb-braun bis braun und die seitlichen Flecken sind weißlich-grau. Die Raupen der Unterart L. a. floridensis sind olivgrün und haben einen blasseren roten Kopf. Die Hörner auf dem rotbraunen Thorax sind länger und die sattelförmige Ausbuchtung kann ebenfalls rotbraun sein.
Die ungewöhnlich geformte Puppe erinnert an einen Delfin ohne Finnen. Die sattelförmige Ausbuchtung der Raupe ist auch bei der Puppe erhalten. Die Nominatform ist mit schwarz-grün, lohfarben, rosa und grau gesprenkelt und ist am Abdomen am hellsten.
Bei der Unterart obsolete ist die Puppe bräunlich und die Mitte des Abdomens weißlich und stellt eine Vogelkot-Mimese dar.
Bei der Unterart floridensis ist die Puppe braun und trägt silberne Flecken am Kopf und den Flügeln. Das Abdomen ist dunkelbraun und am Ende gelblich mit grünen Sprenkeln.
Die Eier sind blassgrün oder blassgelb und werden später gräulich.
Die Mimikry mit den giftigen Faltern der Gattung Danaus ist schon lange bekannt und wurde lange für Batessche Mimikry gehalten, bei der ungiftige oder ungefährliche Tiere giftige oder wehrhafte Tiere nachahmen. Neuere Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass Limenitis archippus ebenfalls ungenießbar ist, wie auch andere Arten der Gattung. Deshalb wird die Mimikry heute als Signalnormierung (Müllersche Mimikry) eingeordnet.[2] Die orange Unterart L. archippus archippus entwickelte in nördlichen Verbreitungsgebiet eine Signalnormierung mit dem Monarchfalter (Danaus plexippus). In Gebieten, wo der Monarch nur selten vorkommt, im Südwesten und Südosten der USA, ahmt sie rotbraune bis braune Unterarten von Danaus gilippus nach. Vom östlichen Texas bis Florida, ahmt die rotbraune Unterart L. archippus floridensis D. gilippus berenice nach und vom westlichen Texas bis Arizona ahmt die braune Unterart L. archippus obsoleta D. gillipus strigosus nach.
Die Art ist in Nordamerika von der Ostküste der USA bis zu den Nordwest-Territorien Kanadas im Nordwesten, entlang dem Ostrand der Kaskadenkette und der Sierra Nevada nach Süden bis nach Süd-Mexiko verbreitet. Die besiedelten Lebensräume umfassen die Subtropen im Süden des Verbreitungsgebietes bis zu den sommergrünen Laubwäldern in den östlichen USA.
Die Männchen sitzen oft in ein bis zwei Meter Höhe in der Vegetation. Sie fliegen über den ganzen Tag hindurch immer wieder auf der Suche nach Weibchen durch ihr Revier. Die Weibchen legen die Eier einzeln auf die Oberseite von jungen Trieben der Raupennahrungspflanzen.
In den ersten beiden Stadien fressen die Raupen die Blattspitze bis auf die Mittelader, auf der sie ruhen. Nahe ihrer Fressstelle spinnen sie einen kleinen Ball aus Blattstückchen und Kot zusammen. Dieser im Wind wackelnde Ball soll wahrscheinlich Feinde von der Raupe ablenken.
Im dritten Stadium überwintert die Raupe und baut sich dazu ein Hibernaculum aus aufgerollten Blättern: Die Raupe frisst die Blattspitze und lässt wieder die Mittelader stehen, das Blatt wird mit Spinnfäden zu einer Röhre verwoben und am Blattstiel an einen Ast gebunden. Die Raupe krabbelt in die Röhre mit dem Kopf voraus und überwintert. Diese Diapause wird durch die verkürzte Tageslänge im Spätsommer/Herbst ausgelöst.
Die Falter saugen an Blüten, an Honigtau von Blattläusen, faulendem Holz, Pilzen, Schlamm, Pflanzensäften und Exkrementen.
Die Raupen ernähren sich von einer Vielzahl an Pflanzen aus den Familien der Weidengewächse (Salicaceae), Birkengewächse (Betulaceae) und Rosengewächse (Rosaceae).
Nachgewiesene Nahrungspflanzen sind:
Im Süden des Verbreitungsgebiets entwickeln sich vier oder mehr Generationen im Jahr. In den nördlichen USA und in Ontario fliegen zwei Generation im Juni und August und ganz im Norden fliegt eine Generation von Juni bis Juli.
Limenitis archippus (syn. Basilarchia archippus) ist ein nordamerikanischer Schmetterling aus der Unterfamilie Limenitidinae (Eisvögel) innerhalb der Familie der Edelfalter (Nymphalidae) und wird im englischen als Viceroy Butterfly (Vizekönig) bezeichnet. Der Falter bildet Mimikry mit dem Monarchfalter (Danaus plexippus) und anderen Arten und Unterarten aus der Gattung Danaus.
Ang paruparong viceroy (Limenitis archippus) ay isang paruparo sa Hilagang Amerika. May kulay itim at kahel ang pakpak nito na kawangis na paruparong monarch (Danaus plexippus). Sa Florida, Georgia, at sa Timog-kanluran, hindi gaanong karaniwang ang monarch, at nakikibahagi ang itsura ng mga viceroy sa reynang paruparo (Danaus gilippus).
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Kulisap ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa nito.
Ang paruparong viceroy (Limenitis archippus) ay isang paruparo sa Hilagang Amerika. May kulay itim at kahel ang pakpak nito na kawangis na paruparong monarch (Danaus plexippus). Sa Florida, Georgia, at sa Timog-kanluran, hindi gaanong karaniwang ang monarch, at nakikibahagi ang itsura ng mga viceroy sa reynang paruparo (Danaus gilippus).
The viceroy (Limenitis archippus) is a North American butterfly. It was long thought to be a Batesian mimic of the monarch butterfly, but since the viceroy is also distasteful to predators, it is now considered a Müllerian mimic instead.
The viceroy was named the state butterfly of Kentucky in 1990.[3]
Its wings feature an orange and black pattern, and over most of its range it is a Müllerian mimic[4] with the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). The viceroy's wingspan is between 53 and 81 mm (2.1 and 3.2 in).[5] It can be distinguished from the monarch by its smaller size and the postmedian black line that runs across the veins on the hindwing.[5]
In Florida, Georgia, and the American Southwest, viceroys share the pattern of the queen (Danaus gilippus) and in Mexico they share the pattern of the soldier (Danaus eresimus). In all three areas, the local Danaus population mimic the coloration of the viceroy species. It was originally believed that the viceroy was a Batesian mimic of the three other species, and presumed edible or only mildly unpalatable to predators, but this has since proven not to be true.[4] In an experiment with both the monarch's and viceroy's wings removed, birds were discovered to think the viceroy was just as unpalatable as the monarchs.[4]
The viceroy ranges through most of the contiguous United States as well as parts of Canada and Mexico. The westernmost portion of its range extends from the Northwest Territories along the eastern edges of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada mountains, southward into central Mexico. Its easternmost range extends along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America from Nova Scotia into Texas.[6] It has been possibly extirpated from California.[1]
The caterpillar feeds on trees in the willow family Salicaceae, including willows (Salix), and poplars and cottonwoods (Populus). The caterpillars sequester the salicylic acid in their bodies, which makes them bitter, and upsets predators' stomachs. As further protection, the caterpillars, as well as their chrysalis stage, resemble bird droppings.[7]
Adults are strictly diurnal, flying preferentially in the late morning and early afternoon.[8] Adult viceroys nectar on milkweeds, thistles, and other common flowers.[7]
Adult
Caterpillar
Pupa
Limenitis butterfly wing patterns are much more diverse in the Nearctic realm (North America) than in the Palearctic (Eurasia and North Africa). Three lineages of mimetic butterflies occur in North America and the evolution of mimicry may have played a large role in the diversification of this group.[9] For butterflies to travel from the Palearctic region to the Nearctic region of the world, the migration must have occurred during a time period when Beringia, the land bridge between Euorasia and North America, was still above water.[10] Based on crude divergence rate calculations,[11] the colonization of the Nearctic Leminitis dates back approximately four million years.[9] Whether the migration event was a single or multiple occurrence event has a significant effect on how we look at the evolution of mimicry. A history of multiple migrations would suggest that speciation occurred before the evolution of mimicry, meaning mimicry was the result of speciation instead of the driver of speciation.
However, much evidence supports that a single event colonization is the best explanation. One theory of Nearctic colonization states that the reason for the colonization was a larva host plant shift. The position of the poplar admiral (L. populi), a Palearctic species, in a phylogenetic tree confirms that the poplar is the closest existing relative of the Nearctic taxa and is consistent with the theory that the host plant had a large effect on the evolution of North American admirals. Just like the wing-pattern of the Palearctic butterflies has little evidence of divergence, the host plant use of these species also shows no sign of divergence. These species only feed on different species of honeysuckle (Lonicera ssp.) The exception is the poplar that feeds exclusively on aspen (Populus tremulus of the willow family).[9] All North American Limenitis feed on members of the willow family as well, suggesting that an (ancestral host plant shift) expansion of a novel host plant across the Bering land bridge could have driven the colonization of the Nearctic. Species level phylogenies based on the mitochondrial gene COI and the gene EFI-α of Nearctic and Palearctic species also indicate a single colonization of the Nearctic species.[9] The phylogenies produced indicate that a white-banded ancestor similar to the species L. arthemis[12] established itself in North America and resulted in several major lineages, three of which involved mimicry independently of each other. Given the present monophyly of the Nearctic species, it is likely that a single migration and subsequent expansion of the population was the foundation of the Nearctic butterflies.
Color warnings in viceroy butterflies have been shaped by natural selection in an evolutionary relationship between prey and predator.[13] The viceroy's main predators – like many other butterflies – consist mostly of birds.
The viceroy's wing color ranges from tawny orange (resembling monarchs) in the north to dark mahogany (resembling queens) in the south.[14] It has been argued that selective pressures from predators have given rise to "model switching"[14] in the viceroy, with each subspecies being selected to copy the color pattern of the locally dominant Danaine subspecies. When the monarch's breeding range overlaps with the viceroy, the viceroy will adopt the lighter shades of orange. Towards the south, the viceroy mostly displayed darker orange phenotypes in response to the larger population of queens. It is important to note that the differences between these two morphs is only the color of the wings and the line drawn through the viceroy's lower wings; other features, such as body size and wing-pattern elements, are identical.[14]
It had been long accepted that the viceroy practiced Batesian mimicry, with the monarch and the queen serving as models. Batesian mimicry is a type of defensive behavior in which a palatable species closely resembles unpalatable or toxic species to avoid predation.
Early experiments suggested that the viceroys use Batesian mimicry to defend themselves against predators. In these experiments, birds that had not been exposed to monarchs willingly ate viceroys, but those that had tasted the unpalatable monarch refused to touch the mimic.[15] In addition, when given the choice between a mimic and non-mimic after being exposed to an unpalatable model, avian predators never ate the viceroy mimic.[16]
Research has argued that the viceroy may be unpalatable to avian predators. If that is the case, then the viceroy butterfly displays Müllerian mimicry, and both viceroy and monarch are co-mimics of each other.[17]
Some literature suggests that the queen-viceroy may not be a good model-mimic pair for Batesian mimicry. Experimental evidence has shown that avian predators express aversion to the queen butterfly after being exposed to viceroys.[18] That the avian predators avoided the queen butterfly implies that the queen does not serve as a model and the viceroy as a parasitic mimic; rather, they may be Müllerian co-mimics.[18]
When avian predators were exposed to butterfly abdomens without the wings, many avian predators rejected the viceroy after a single peck. Furthermore, they exhibited distress behavior similar to that displayed when eating other, known, unpalatable species.[17]
When palatability was measured by looking at avian responses to butterfly abdomen, it was found that the viceroy butterfly was significantly more unpalatable than the queen.[17] The queen-viceroy relationship is too asymmetrical for them to be considered real co-mimics of each other. Instead, mathematical models have suggested that the queen enjoys the benefits of mimicry at the viceroy's expense, and that the model-mimic dynamic between the two should be switched.[17]
In light of this new interpretation, it has been speculated that different food plants in different geographical locations influence the palatability of the viceroy.[18] Further investigation is needed to clarify the relationship between the viceroy and its purported models.
Based on phylogenic evidence, it is known that mimicry in the North American admirals was a driver of speciation. An essential condition for the evolution of mimicry was the presence and abundance of unpalatable models. Mimetic evolution also involved direct selection with the model acting as a "starting block" for the mimic to evolve against.[19] The drive behind this type of evolution must be predation. Eventually, the mimetic population undergoes phenotypic fixation, usually at a point where the wing pattern and colors of the mimic have reached the closest superficial resemblance of its model.[19] As these processes continued, the subspecies divergences began occurring as the mimetic species expanded their geographical range and began mimicking other species of butterfly. Determining what part of the butterfly genome controls wing color and pattern is also a major component that must be taken into account when trying to understand the evolution of mimicry. Each individual stripe or spot on a wing has a distinct identity that can be traced from species to species within a family.[20]
A fascinating feature of pattern genetics is that the dramatic phenotypic changes are primarily due to small changes in the gene that determines the sizes and positions of pattern elements.[20] This discovery is in accord with the principal theory for the evolution of mimicry. The theory proposes that initial mimicry is achieved by a single mutation that has a large effect on the phenotype, which immediately gives the organism some protection, and is then refined by so-called modifier genes with lesser phenotypic effects.[20] Consequently, if the genes for wing pattern and color were normal functioning genes, a single mating would produce several phenotypically different offspring, making the ability for mimicry to evolve very difficult.
This unique puzzle led to proposal of a possible supergene. A supergene is a tight cluster of loci that facilitate the co-segregation of adaptive variation, providing integrated control of complex adaptive phenotypes.[21] Different genomic rearrangements have tightened the genetic linkage between different color and pattern loci with complete suppression of recombination in experimental crosses in a 400,000 base section containing at least 18 genes.[21] This single supergene locus controls differences in a complex phenotype like wing coloration that can involve modifications of wing pattern, shape, and body color. Mimetic patterns have high fitness correlated to locally abundant wing patterns and low fitness when the offspring have recombinant, non-mimetic phenotypes.[21] This tight-linked area of wing pattern genes explains how mimetic phenotypes are not broken up during recombination during sexual reproduction.
Viceroys display geographic color polymorphism, which occurs when the viceroy butterflies are observed having different color forms in different regions of their territory. Color polymorphism is hypothesized to be affected by interaction between the viceroy, monarch and queen's overlapping environments. In the northern areas of their region, where monarchs predominate, viceroys are lighter, while in southern Florida, they are darker due to queens being more abundant than monarchs.[22]
The viceroy (Limenitis archippus) is a North American butterfly. It was long thought to be a Batesian mimic of the monarch butterfly, but since the viceroy is also distasteful to predators, it is now considered a Müllerian mimic instead.
The viceroy was named the state butterfly of Kentucky in 1990.
La mariposa virrey (Limenitis archippus) es una especie de lepidóptero ditrisio de la familia Nymphalidae propia de Norteamérica.[1]
Es un caso de mimetismo ya que los adultos son de color y diseño muy similares a los de la mariposa monarca, que es venenosa y ahuyenta a los animales insectívoros. La virrey, era considerada comestible. En este caso imitaría a la especie tóxica para su protección, lo cual sería un caso de mimetismo batesiano. Pero más recientemente se ha comprobado que es un caso de mimetismo mülleriano, en que ambas especies son de mal gusto para los depredadores.[2]
Posee hábitos diurnos y nocturnos. Son nativas del hemisferio occidental, se las encuentran desde la zona sur de Canadá hasta el extremo sur de Estados Unidos.
Sus alas son de naranja rojizo brillante, posee una franja negra en los bordes de las alas. La franja posee una hilera de puntos blancos.
La mariposa virrey pone sus huevos esféricos, en los extremos de las hojas de robles, abedules, tilos o sauces. El huevo posee una superficie cubierta de cerdas y pequeñas celdas de seis lados.
La larva se alimenta con el extremo de la hoja sobre la que ha nacido y adhiere utilizando hilos de seda algunos fragmentos de hoja masticada al nervio central de la hoja. Durante el otoño, la oruga adhiere el nervio central al tallo utilizando un cabo de seda, y enrolla la hoja sobre su cuerpo formando un recinto donde pasar el invierno. Finalmente una mariposa emerge a finales de la primavera.[3][4]
Datos: Q310832
Multimedia:
Especies: Limenitis archippus
La mariposa virrey (Limenitis archippus) es una especie de lepidóptero ditrisio de la familia Nymphalidae propia de Norteamérica.
Es un caso de mimetismo ya que los adultos son de color y diseño muy similares a los de la mariposa monarca, que es venenosa y ahuyenta a los animales insectívoros. La virrey, era considerada comestible. En este caso imitaría a la especie tóxica para su protección, lo cual sería un caso de mimetismo batesiano. Pero más recientemente se ha comprobado que es un caso de mimetismo mülleriano, en que ambas especies son de mal gusto para los depredadores.
Limenitis archippus
Le Vice-roi (Limenitis archippus) est une espèce nord-américaine de lépidoptères (papillons) de la famille des Nymphalidae et de la sous-famille des Limenitidinae.
Elle est connue pour être un mime de plusieurs autres espèces de papillons, dont le Monarque.
Les ailes du Vice-roi sont orange avec des nervures noires et une marge noire marquée d'une ligne de points blancs. La face dorsale est plus foncée[1]. Il possède une ligne noire postmédiane traversant les veines de l'aile postérieure, ce qui permet de le distinguer du Monarque. Il fait de 53 à 81 mm d'envergure, ce qui est une autre différence avec le Monarque, qui lui mesure de 93 à 1-5 mm[2].
Chenille.
Chrysalide.
Revers de l'imago.
La chenille est de couleur vert olive avec une marque blanche en forme de selle et deux cornes noires[1]. Les chenilles piègent l'acide salicylique dans leur corps, ce qui les rend amères. Les chenilles, ainsi que les chrysalides, ressemblent à des déjections d'oiseaux.
Le Vice-roi est un exemple de mimétisme mullérien : il imite par son apparence le Monarque (Danaus plexippus), une espèce toxique, en plus d'être toxique lui-même[3]. Le fait que les deux espèces se ressemblent et soient indigestes renforce le comportement d'évitement par les prédateurs.
Dans le Sud de l'Amérique du Nord, les sous-espèces locales de L. archippus imitent d'autres Danaus : en Floride, Limenitis archippus floridensis imite Danaus gilippus, tandis qu'au Mexique, Limenitis archippus hoffmanni imite Danaus eresimus[4].
L'espèce vole en deux ou même trois générations de la fin mai jusqu'en septembre[1],[4].
Les plantes hôtes larvaires sont principalement des saules (Salix) et des peupliers (Populus)[1].
Limenitis archippus peut localement s'hybrider avec Limenitis arthemis astyanax[5].
L'espèce est présente dans une grande partie de l'Amérique du Nord[6]. On le rencontre depuis les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, sur le versant est de la chaîne des Cascades jusqu'à la Sierra Nevada et au centre du Mexique.
Elle réside dans les zones humides où poussent les saules.
L'espèce Limenitis archippus a été décrite par l'entomologiste hollandais Pieter Cramer en 1775 sous le nom initial de Papilio archippus[6]. Au sein du genre Limenitis, elle fait partie du groupe Basilarchia, considéré par certains auteurs comme un genre distinct.
Pas de statut de protection particulier.[réf. nécessaire]
Limenitis archippus
Le Vice-roi (Limenitis archippus) est une espèce nord-américaine de lépidoptères (papillons) de la famille des Nymphalidae et de la sous-famille des Limenitidinae.
Elle est connue pour être un mime de plusieurs autres espèces de papillons, dont le Monarque.
Limenitis archippus is een vlinder uit de familie van de Nymphalidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1775 als Papilio archippus gepubliceerd door Pieter Cramer. De soort komt voor van Noord-Amerika tot in centraal Mexico. Het is het officiële insect van de Amerikaanse staat Kentucky.
De soort is een voorbeeld van mimicry van Bates omdat hij sterk lijkt op de giftige monarchvlinder. In bepaalde gebieden lijkt hij ook op Danaus gilippus dan wel Danaus eresimus. De waardplanten van Limenitis archippus zijn soorten uit de wilgenfamilie. De rupsen slaan salicylzuur op in hun lichaam, waardoor de soort bitter is, en de maag van een eventuele predator van streek maakt.
De vlinders hebben een spanwijdte van 63 tot 86 millimeter. In het grootste deel van zijn verspreidingsgebied vliegt de soort van mei tot september; helemaal in het zuiden vliegt hij heel het jaar door.
Limenitis archippus is een vlinder uit de familie van de Nymphalidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1775 als Papilio archippus gepubliceerd door Pieter Cramer. De soort komt voor van Noord-Amerika tot in centraal Mexico. Het is het officiële insect van de Amerikaanse staat Kentucky.
De soort is een voorbeeld van mimicry van Bates omdat hij sterk lijkt op de giftige monarchvlinder. In bepaalde gebieden lijkt hij ook op Danaus gilippus dan wel Danaus eresimus. De waardplanten van Limenitis archippus zijn soorten uit de wilgenfamilie. De rupsen slaan salicylzuur op in hun lichaam, waardoor de soort bitter is, en de maag van een eventuele predator van streek maakt.
De vlinders hebben een spanwijdte van 63 tot 86 millimeter. In het grootste deel van zijn verspreidingsgebied vliegt de soort van mei tot september; helemaal in het zuiden vliegt hij heel het jaar door.
A borboleta vice-rei (Limenitis archippus) é uma borboleta que imita a borboleta-monarca, mas que no entanto não produz as mesmas toxinas que ela.[1] Isso faz com que os predadores a confundam com a borboleta monarca ajudando em sua sobrevivência.
Foi nomeada a "borboleta do estado" no Kentucky em 1990.
A borboleta vice-rei (Limenitis archippus) é uma borboleta que imita a borboleta-monarca, mas que no entanto não produz as mesmas toxinas que ela. Isso faz com que os predadores a confundam com a borboleta monarca ajudando em sua sobrevivência.
Foi nomeada a "borboleta do estado" no Kentucky em 1990.
Гусеницы питаются многими видами из семейств: ивовых (Salicaceae) розовых (Rosaceae) и берёзовых (Betulaceae):
|coauthors= (справка) |coauthors= (справка) Гусеницы питаются многими видами из семейств: ивовых (Salicaceae) розовых (Rosaceae) и берёзовых (Betulaceae):
Salicaceae: ива кайотова (Salix exigua), Salix sericea, ива чёрная (Salix nigra), Salix interior, ива-шелюга красная (Salix discolor), ива каролинская (Salix caroliniana), Populus gileadensis, Populus fremontii, тополь разнолистный (Populus heterophylla), тополь волосистоплодный (Populus trichocarpa), тополь крупнозубчатый (Populus grandidentata), осинообразный тополь (Populus tremuloides), тополь белый, или серебристый (Populus alba), тополь дельтовидный (Populus deltoides), тополь бальзамический (Populus balsamifera), тополь чёрный, или осокорь (Populus nigra); Rosaceae: слива домашняя (Prunus domestica), черемуха поздняя, или американская вишня (Prunus serotina), Malus pumila, груша обыкновенная (Pyrus communis), боярышник (Crataegus), ирга (Amelanchier), Chrysobalanus oblongifolius; Betulaceae: береза бумажная (Betula papyrifera).