Type Locality: Iriomote Island, Japan.
Distribution: Africa: South Africa; Asia: Japan and Malaysia.
"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells protruding from the tips; 4.0-5.0 cm high, 150-250 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, elongate-obconic or elongate-obpyriform. Internode 300-500 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 8-10 cell-storeys, proximal cells fusiform, elliptical or elongate-cylindrical, L/D 4-6; distal cells fusiform or elliptical, L/D 2-4; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia obovoid or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 4.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 8-12 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 26-40 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped, unstalked, 6.0-9.5 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 100-220 µm in diameter, 70-150 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-6 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical to barrel-shaped; carposporangia obovoid or sub-spherical, 13.0-19.0 µm long, 11.5-14.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375pp.
Kumano, S. 1982. Two taxa of the section Contorta of the genus Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta, Nemalionales) from temperate Japan. Jap. J. Phycol. 32: 24-28.
