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Cassiduloida

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Cassiduloida is an order of sea urchins. The group was extremely diverse with many families and species during the Mesozoic, but today, only seven extant species remain.[1]

A 2019 phylogenetic systematics study by Souto et al. presented a revised classification of the cassiduloids, and hypothesised that the order probably originated in the Early Cretaceous.[1]

Description and characteristics

Cassiduloids have a rounded or slightly oval appearance, and look somewhat similar to heart urchins, although they are actually more closely related to the sand dollars. They are distinguished from other sea urchins by the presence of smaller intervening areas between the main ambulacral areas on the oral surface. They have no lantern as adults, and the petaloids are poorly developed or absent.

List of families and genera

References

  1. ^ a b c Camilla Souto; Rich Mooi; Luciana Martins; Carla Menegola; Charles R. Marshall (2019). "Homoplasy and extinction: the phylogeny of cassidulid echinoids (Echinodermata)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2019 (3): 622–660. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz060.
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Cassiduloida: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Cassiduloida is an order of sea urchins. The group was extremely diverse with many families and species during the Mesozoic, but today, only seven extant species remain.

A 2019 phylogenetic systematics study by Souto et al. presented a revised classification of the cassiduloids, and hypothesised that the order probably originated in the Early Cretaceous.

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Cassiduloida ( French )

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L'ordre des Cassiduloida regroupe plusieurs familles d'oursins dits « irréguliers », appartenant à l'embranchement des échinodermes.

Morphologie

Les Cassiduloida sont des oursins irréguliers, au corps légèrement ovoïde ; leur bouche est avancée vers un côté, dépourvue de lanterne d'Aristote, leur face aborale est convexe et leur face orale plane.

Chaque plaque ambulacraire porte un podion unique, et on note la présence de phyllodes sur la face orale (zones où les podia sont modifiés en tentacules nutritifs). Ces oursins n'ont pas de lanterne d'Aristote[1].

Cet ordre semble être apparu au Jurassique inférieur (Toarcien)[1]. Ils connurent un grand succès évolutif au Mésozoïque, mais il n'en subsiste plus qu'une poignée d'espèces.

Liste des familles

Selon World Register of Marine Species (25 octobre 2013)[2] :

Selon ITIS (14 septembre 2013)[3] :

Références taxonomiques

Notes et références

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Cassiduloida: Brief Summary ( French )

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L'ordre des Cassiduloida regroupe plusieurs familles d'oursins dits « irréguliers », appartenant à l'embranchement des échinodermes.

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Cassiduloida ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De Cassiduloida zijn een orde van zee-egels (Echinoidea) uit de superorde Neognathostomata.

Families

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Cassiduloida: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De Cassiduloida zijn een orde van zee-egels (Echinoidea) uit de superorde Neognathostomata.

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Cassiduloida ( Portuguese )

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Cassiduloida[1] é uma ordem de ouriços-do-mar pertencente à infraclasse Euechinoidea, filo Echinodermata.[1] O Catalogue of Life lista nesta ordem 6 géneros extantes.[1] A ordem encontra-se presente no registo fóssil desde o Jurássico Inferior ao presente, tendo atingido uma grande diversidade durante o Mesozoico, mas no presente são conhecidas apenas algumas espécies.

Descrição

Os membros da ordem Cassiduloida apresentam uma morfologia corporal arredondada a ligeiramente ovalada, apresentando semelhanças com as bolachas-de-praia, apesar de serem filogeneticamente mais próximos do grupo Spatangoida.

Distinguem-se dos restantes ouriços-do-mar pela presença de pequenas áreas intercalares entre as principais zonas ambulacrárias na face oral. Não apresentam lanterna de Aristóteles e as estruturas petaloides da face aboral estão ausentes ou pouco desenvolvidas.

Taxonomia

Cladograma de acordo com o Catalogue of Life:[1]

Echinoidea Cassiduloida

Apatopygidae



Cassidulidae



Echinolampadidae



Pliolampadidae




Arbacioida



Cidaroida



Clypeasteroida



Diadematoida



Echinidea



Echinoida



Echinothurioida



Holectypoida



Pedinoida



Salenioida



Spatangoida



Temnopleuroida



Referências

  1. a b c d Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (2011). Species 2000: Reading, UK., ed. «Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.» !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (link)

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Cassiduloida: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

provided by wikipedia PT

Cassiduloida é uma ordem de ouriços-do-mar pertencente à infraclasse Euechinoidea, filo Echinodermata. O Catalogue of Life lista nesta ordem 6 géneros extantes. A ordem encontra-se presente no registo fóssil desde o Jurássico Inferior ao presente, tendo atingido uma grande diversidade durante o Mesozoico, mas no presente são conhecidas apenas algumas espécies.

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Classification

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Usually treated as order-level clade. Threated as suborder here to allow modelling the classification proposed by Mongiardino Koch et al. (2022) despite the limitation restricted number of ranks in the Aphia database system.

Reference

5. Alden, P. (1995) Collins Guide to African Wildlife. Harper Collins Publishers, London.

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