Aporrhaidae is a family of sea snails commonly called the "pelican's foot snails." The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005[3] categorizes Aporrhaidae as marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.
Aporrhaids are commercially important, especially in traditional fisheries.[4]
Description
Aporrhaids have a large lip with finger-like extensions, and a small operculum. They do not have movable eyes. Instead, their eyes are fixed at the base of each tentacle.[5]
The mollusk has one narrow foot, which renders its motion interrupted as the foot must raise the shell a tiny bit in each single movement, simultaneously pushing it forward. The motion must be repeated again and again for the mollusk to travel.[6]
Habitat
Aporrhaidae live on muddy and sandy bottoms, sometimes in very large populations.
Subfamilies
Subfamilies in the family Aporrhaidae include:
- Aporrhainae Gray, 1850 - synonym: Chenopidae Deshayes, 1865
- Arrhoginae Popenoe, 1983 - synonyms: Alariidae Koken, 1889 (inv.); Dicrolomatidae Korotkov, 1992
- † Harpagonidae Pchelintsev, 1963
- † Perissopterinae Korotkov, 1992 - synonym: Struthiopterinae Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
- † Spinigerinae Korotkov, 1992 (inv.)
Aporrhais from the Pliocene of Cyprus.
Genera
There are only two Recent genera:[7][8]
Fossil genera within the family Aporrhaidae include:
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Alarimella Saul, 1998
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Anchura Conrad, 1860
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Antarctohoges Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992
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Araeodactylus Harris & Burrows, 1891
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Auriala Hacobjan, 1976
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Austroaporrhais Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
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Bicorempterus Gründel, 2001
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Ceratosiphon Gill, 1870
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Cultrigera Böhm, 1885
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Cuphosolenus Piette, 1876
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Cuphotifer Piette, 1876
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Cyclomolops Gabb, 1868
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Diarthema Piette, 1864
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Digitolabrum Cossmann, 1904
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Dimorphosoma Gardner, 1875
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Graciliala Sohl, 1960
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Goniocheila Gabb, 1868
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Helicaulax Gabb, 1868
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Kangilioptera Rosenkrantz, 1970
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Kaunhowenia Abdel Gawad, 1986
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Latiala Sohl, 1960
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Lispodesthes White, 1875
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Maussenetia Cossmann, 1904
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Mexopus Kiel & Perrilliat, 2001
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Monocuphus Piette, 1876
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Perissopter Tate, 1865
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Peruchilus Olsson, 1931
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Pietteia Cossmann, 1904
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Platyoptera Conrad, 1855
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Pseudanchura Kollmann, 2005
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Pterocerella Meek, 1864
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Pugioptera Pchelincev, 1953
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Strombopugnellus Koch, 1911
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Struthiochenopus Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
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Teneposita Loch, 1989
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Tessarolax Gabb, 1864
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Tibiaporrhais Elder, 1990
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Toarctocera Gründel, Nützel & Schulbert, 2009[9] - type species: Rostellaria subpunctata - Toarctocera subpunctata (von Munster in Goldfuss, 1826–1844)
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Trilemma Blagovetshenskiy & Shumilkin, 2006
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Tulochilus Finlay & Marwick, 1937
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Tundora Stephenson, 1941
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Ueckeritzella Gründel, 1998
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Wateletia Cossmann, 1889
References
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^ Gray J. E. 1850. Figures of molluscous animals selected from various authors. Etched for the use of students by M. E. Gray. Volume 4. Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, London. iv+219 pp. Apporhaidae at page 66.
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^ Kiel S. & Bandel K. (1999). "The Pugnellidae, a new stromboidean family from the Upper Cretaceous". Paläontologische Zeitschrift 73(1-2): 47-58, 6 Figs., Stuttgart. PDF
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^ Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
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^ "Shells aporrhaidae". Archived from the original on 2005-03-05. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
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^ "Aporrhaidae (Pelicans Foot)". Archived from the original on 2019-02-22. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
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^ "TrekNature | A Pelican's foot for Ahmet Photo".
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^ Gofas, S. (2012). Aporrhaidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=22988 on 2012-09-27
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^ Kronenberg, G.C. 1991: The Recent species of the family Aporrhaidae. Vita marina, 41(2): 73-84.
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^ Gründel, J., Nützel A. & Schulbert C. (24 July) 2009. Toarctocera (Gastropoda, Aporrhaidae): a new genus from the Jurassic (Toarcian/Aalenian) of South Germany and the early evolutionary history of the family Aporrhaidae. Paläontologische Zeitschrift (online), PDF
- Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
