Helicarionidae is a family of air-breathing land snails or semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea.[2]
Distribution
The distribution of Helicarionidae includes the eastern Palearctic, Malagasy, India, south-eastern Asia, Hawaii, and Australia.[3]
Anatomy
Species of snails within this family make and use love darts made of chitin.
In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).[4]
Taxonomy
The family Helicarionidae is nested within the limacoid clade, as shown in the following cladogram :[3]
limacoid clade Staffordioidea Staffordiidae
Dyakioidea Dyakiidae
Gastrodontoidea Pristilomatidae
Chronidae
Euconulidae
Trochomorphidae
Gastrodontidae
Oxychilidae
Parmacelloidea Trigonochlamydidae
Parmacellidae
Milacidae
Zonitoidea Zonitidae
Helicarionoidea Helicarionidae
Ariophantidae
Urocyclidae
Limacoidea Vitrinidae
Boettgerillidae
Limacidae
Agriolimacidae
Genera
The following genera are recognised in the family Helicarionidae:[5]
- Subfamily Helicarioninae
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Amenixesta Iredale, 1941
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Antiquarion J. Stanisic, 2010
-
Attenborougharion Hyman & Köhler, 2017
-
Bathia G.C. Robson, 1914
-
Brevisentis Hyman, 2007
-
Burnettia J.Stanisic, 2010
-
Caldwellia H. Adams, 1873
-
Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887
-
Colmanarion Stanisic, 2010
-
Ctenoglypta Ancey, 1904
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Ctenophila Ancey, 1882
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Cucullarion Stanisic, 1998
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Dancea Zilch, 1960
-
Delinitesta Iredale, 1933
-
Dendrolamellaria Preston, 1913
-
Dendronitor Iredale, 1933
-
Dupontia Godwin-Austen, 1908
-
Echonitor Iredale, 1937
-
Eddiella Stanisic, 2010
-
Einasleighana Stanisic, 2010
-
Elatonitor Stanisic, 2010
-
Ellarion Iredale, 1941
-
Epiglypta Pilsbry, 1893
-
Erepta Albers, 1850
-
Eufretum H.B. Baker, 1941
-
Expocystis Iredale, 1937
-
Fastosarion Iredale, 1933
-
Fenestrarion Stanisic, 2010
-
Fijia Gude, 1913
-
Gudeoconcha Iredale, 1944
-
Harmogenanina Germain, 1918
-
Helicarion Férussac, 1821
-
Howearion Iredale, 1944
-
Irenella Gude, 1913
-
Kalidos Gude, 1911
-
Laconia Gray, 1855
-
Laocaia Kuzminykh, 1999
-
Levidens Hyman, 2007
-
Limpidarion Hyman & Köhler, 2020
-
Luinarion Iredale, 1933
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Mistarion Iredale, 1941
-
Montanocystis Stanisic, 2010
-
Mysticarion Iredale, 1941
-
Nesonanina C.R. Boettger, 1918
-
Nitor Gude, 1911
-
Pachystyla Mörch, 1852
-
Palmervillea Stanisic, 2010
-
Parmacochlea E.A. Smith, 1884
-
Parmavitrina Iredale, 1937
-
Parmella H. Adams, 1867
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Parmellops Iredale, 1944
-
Peloparion Iredale, 1937
-
Periclocystis Iredale, 1937
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Petalochlamys Godwin-Austen, 1907
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Plegma Gude, 1911
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Pravonitor Iredale, 1937
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Pseudophasis Germain, 1918
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Pseudosaphtia de Winter, 2008
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Pseudosesara Solem, 1962
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Quirosella Clench, 1958
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Saphtia de Winter, 2008
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Sheaia Hyman, 2007
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Sigaloeista Shea & O. L. Griffiths, 2010
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Sitalarion H.B. Baker, 1941
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Stanisicarion Hyman & Ponder, 2010
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Tarocystis Iredale, 1937
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Thularion Stanisic, 1993
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Torrecystis Stanisic, 2010
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Tropicystis Stanisic, 2010
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Urazirochlamys Habe, 1946
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Vanmolia de Winter, 2008
-
Westracystis Iredale, 1939
-
Zagmena Iredale, 1941
- Subfamily Durgellinae Godwin-Austen, 1888
- tribe Durgellini Godwin-Austen, 1888
-
Aenigmatoconcha C. Tumpeesuwan & S. Tumpeesuwan, 2017
-
Austenia G. Nevill, 1878
-
Cryptaustenia Cockerell, 1891
-
Durgella Blanford, 1863 - type genus of the subfamily Durgellinae[2]
-
Eurychlamys Godwin-Austen, 1899
-
Holkeion Godwin-Austen, 1908
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Ibycus Heynemann, 1863
-
Muangnua Solem, 1966
-
Nesaecia Gude, 1911
-
Pseudaustenia Cockerell, 1891
-
Rasama Laidlaw, 1932
-
Rhyssotopsis Ancey, 1887
-
Rotungia Godwin-Austen, 1918
-
Satiella W. T. Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908
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Sitala H. Adams, 1865
-
Sivella W.T. Blanford, 1863
-
Sophina Benson, 1859
-
Teraia Solem, 1966
- tribe Girasiini
-
Girasia Gray, 1855 - type genus of the tribe Girasiini[2]
-
Burmochlamys Pholyotha & Panha, 2022
- Unplaced genera
References
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^ Bourguignat J. R. (1877). "Description de deux nouveaux genres algériens, suive d'une classification des families et des genres de Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du système européen". Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles de Toulouse 3(1): 49-101. page 64.
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^ a b c Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
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^ a b Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". Journal of Biogeography 27(2): 379-390. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x, JSTOR.
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^ G. M. Barker (2001). The Biology of Terrestrial Molluscs. CABI. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-85199-318-8.
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^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Helicarionidae Bourguignat, 1877". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
