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Figure 2.Undulopsychopsis alexi gen. et sp. n. The holotype CYNB044. Drawing. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figures 22–23.Leptosialis larvae, showing color patterns on head and thorax 22 Leptosialis africana 23 Leptosialis necopinata sp. n. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Figure 15.Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) geayi, second instar A Head, dorsal B Head, lateral C Head and thorax, dorsal D Abdominal segments A1 to A5, dorsal E Habitus, lateral F Abdominal segments A6 to A10, dorsal.

Figure 15.Lectotype, Allochrysa pretiosa [= Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa], female, MCZ, abdomen and genitalia. A Abdominal segments 4–9, lateral B Genitalia within terminal segments [Note the bursal glands that extruded from a tear on the right side.] C Spermathecal complex and subgenitale, ventral D Internal genitalia and subgenitale, lateral E Callus cerci F Gonapophysis lateralis, lateral G Spermathecal duct [The sclerotized section of the duct is brownish; the brushy, membranous section is longer; it extends to the right, bends abruptly to the left, and then ends at the arrow.]. Abbreviations: b.d. bursal duct b.gl. bursal gland g.l. gonapophysis lateralis knob protruding knob on surface of subgenitale lobe distal lobe of subgenitale pegs small and large pegs on bursal duct sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp.d. spermathecal duct sp.d.-t brushy terminus of spermathecal duct sp.t. tubular section of spermatheca S7 seventh sternite T8 eighth tergite T9+ect fused ninth tergite and ectoproct.

Figure 4.Liminympha makarkini Ren & Engel, 2007. Metathorax and the basal part of abdomen of the holotype CNU-NEU-NN1999024 (counterpart).Wetted with ethanol. Abbreviations: ms, mediolongitudinal suture of 1st abdominal tergite; mtpn, metapostnotum; mtscl, metascutellum; ts, transverse suture of 1st abdominal tergite; T1, T2,1st, 2nd abdominal tergites.Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figures 15–22.Nanosialidae: 15 Nanosialis ponomarenkoi gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2603A (mirror image) 16–17 Nanosialis ?ponomarenkoi PIN 3840/2604A: 16 body with superimposed wings (part) 17 thorax and base of abdomen (counterpart, SEM, BSE) 18 Nanosialis bashkuevi sp. n., holotype hind wing PIN 3840/2633 19 Lydasialis micheneri gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2602 20 Lydasialis ?micheneri, hind wing 3840/2601 21 Hymega rasnitsyni gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2600 22 Raphisialis martynovi gen. et sp. n., holotype forewing PIN 3840/2009 (mirror image). Scale bars, 500 µm.

Figure 4.Kymachrysa placita external adult features. Note variation in darkness and size of head markings, prothoracic size and shape. A, B Head (dorsal) C, D Head (frontal) E Head, prothorax (lateral) F, G Head, prothorax, mesothorax (dorsal) H Head, thorax (lateral) [Background with small piece of abdomen visible]. A, C, E, F Wyoming, SDNHM; B, D, G, H Colorado, CPG.

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Randers Fjord

Ulla Hau, Fårø, Gotland, Sverige

Samos, Greece

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Figure 3.Undulopsychopsis alexi gen. et sp. n. The forewing venation of the holotype CYNB044. A left forewing (converted to the right) B right forewing. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 10.Alavaraphidia imperterrita gen. et sp. n., holotype MCNA 13608. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C left distal foretarsus, showing bilobed third tarsomere with digitiform processes (arrows). Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C = 0.1 mm.

Figure 16.Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) geayi, third instar A Habitus, lateral B Habitus, ventral C Head, ventral D Head, lateral. Abbreviations: ge genal marking st stemmata T3R1 row of long, sturdy, thorny setae on raised posterior fold of metathorax.

Figure 26.Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) pretiosa female genitalia. A Internal genital complex, including bursal glands B Bursal and spermathecal complexes, with subgenitale [Note the small pegs at the base of the bursal duct and the larger ones distally.] C Bursal and spermathecal complexes D Spermathecal complex [Note the large spermathecal invagination that tapers to a narrow tubule in the upper part of the bowl.] E Tip of bursa copulatrix with granulose, conical connection with bursal gland (A–D Cayo District, Belize; E State of Carabobo, Venezuela). Abbreviations: b.c. bursa copulatrix b.d. bursal duct b.gl. bursal gland b.gl.c. connection between bursal gland and bursa copulatrix inv spermathecal invagination lpeg large peg on distal part of bursal duct sg subgenitale sp spermatheca speg small peg on basal part of bursal duct sp.d. spermathecal duct sp.d.-t brushy terminus of spermathecal duct.

Figure 5.Liminympha makarkini Ren & Engel, 2007. Wing venation of the holotype CNU-NEU-NN1999024 A right forewing B left forewing C right hind wing D left hind wing. Scale bar = 5 mm (all to scale).

Figures 23–28.Nanosialidae venation: 23 Nanosialis ?ponomarenkoi, forewing, reconstructed 24 Nanosialis bashkuevi sp. n., hind wing 25 Hymega rasnitsyni gen. et sp. n., forewing PIN 3840/2604A, reconstructed 26 Lydasialis micheneri gen. et sp. n., forewing 27 Lydasialis ?micheneri, hind wing PIN 3840/2601 28 Raphisialis martynovi gen. et sp. n., forewing, reconstructed. Scale bars, 500 µm.

Figure 5.Kymachrysa intacta external adult features. Note variation in the presence, darkness, and size of head and thoracic markings. A–C Head (dorsal) D, E Head (frontal) F Head, prothorax (lateral) G, H Head, prothorax, mesothorax (dorsal) I Thorax (dorsal) J Head, thorax (lateral) A, D, G, I, J California, TRC B, E, F, H Colorado, TRC; C New York, TRC.

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Randers Fjord