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Distribution

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Hopi chipmunks are found only in western North America from north-central Arizona to Monument Valley as well as into eastern Utah, eastern Idaho, western Colorado (restricted to Yampa River southward), and into the Rocky Mountain Range towards Canada.

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Benefits

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The positive impact of the Hopi chipmunk on humans is unknown, but most likely minimal. Some chipmunks of the subgenus Neotamias are killed for their skins in the fur trade, although it is not certain if Hopi chipmunks are included in this trade.

Positive Impacts: body parts are source of valuable material

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Benefits

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There have been suggestions that Hopi chipmunks damage crops (as some Neotamias live close to agricultural areas) but the species rarely occurs in large enough concentrations to cause much damage.

Negative Impacts: crop pest

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Conservation Status

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Hopi chipmunks are considered stable and not endangered. There has been some concern that habitat loss due to agricultural and urban expansion may adversely affect Neotamias species in the future.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

State of Michigan List: no special status

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Behavior

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Communication and perception strategies of Hopi chipmunks are likely similar to other Neotamias species. These animals produce two main categories of calls: alarm calls and agonistic (courtship) sounds. Alarms calls vary and may include a chip, chuck, or "chippering" sound. Trills and whistles have also been recorded. Courtship sounds were similar, but tended to be much harsher.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Untitled

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The species has been called by different names, which include the 1905 classification of Eutamias hopiensis. The species has also been called Eutamias quadrivittatus rufus, suggesting it to be a subspecies of Colorado chipmunks (Eutamias quadrivittatus), but there has been considerable debate concerning the arrangement of Neotamias and Eutamias and where Tamias falls under as a subgenus. Studies such as the size of the skull and baculum, as well as body shape and coloring, have sought to see if T. quadrivittatus and T. rufus are subspecies or separate species. As of now, Hopi chipmunks are classified as Tamias rufus, separate from Eutamias quadrivittatus.

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Associations

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Mites and fleas are common parasites that infect Hopi chipmunks. In one case, botfly larva (likely Cuterebra) was found under the skin of an individual, but it is not known whether this larvae typically uses the Hopi chipmunk as a host. Hopi chipmunks displays caching behavior, so it can be assumed that it may also disperse seeds. The species also interacts with a large number of western chipmunks in North America, but due to its habitat preference, it is thought that there are not a lot of interspecific interactions in the ecosystem.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds

Commensal/Parasitic Species:

  • mites (Hirstionyssus utahensis)
  • mites (Dermanyssus becki)
  • fleas (Epitedia stanfordi)
  • fleas (Malaraeus sinomus)
  • fleas (Malaraeus techinum)
  • fleas (Megaroglossus procus)
  • fleas (Monopsyllus eumolpi)
  • fleas (Monopsyllus wagneri)
  • fleas (Peromyscopsylla hesperomys)
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Trophic Strategy

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The diet of Hopi chipmunks consists largely of the berries and seeds of its local region. The variety and type available for consumption is affected by the season and geographical range. In Utah, Hopi chipmunks feed primarily on the berries of the one-seeded juniper (Juniperus monosperma). In other areas, individuals feed on cliff rose, squawberry (Rhus trilobata), mountain mahogany, and seeds and nuts from Russian thistle, pinyon pine, and the Gambel and waxy leaf oaks. In late spring and summer, Hopi chipmunks feed on green vegetation. In the fall, their diet changes to favor nuts as they become available. The species also has been seen caching food in rocky ledges and utilizes its large cheek pouches to carry food to caches. Hopi chipmunks do not typically eat leaves or stems in the wild although in captivity, they are known to eat parts of dandelions. They need constant access to water, and can die of thirst if deprived of water for only 2 days.

Plant Foods: leaves; roots and tubers; wood, bark, or stems; seeds, grains, and nuts; flowers

Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Granivore , Lignivore)

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Habitat

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Hopi chipmunks prefer bare or vegetated rocky substrate that contains juniper and pinyon pine. In western Colorado, they occupy two microhabitats: sage patches and juniper/pine patches. Hopi chipmunks live at elevations of 1,290 to 2,700 meters.

Range elevation: 1,290 to 2,700 m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; mountains

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Life Expectancy

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Exact lifespan of Hopi chimpmunks is unknown. The maximum lifespan of other Tamias chipmunks in captivity is roughly 9.5 years, but their lifestyle tends to lower their life expectancy considerably. The longest expected lifespan in the wild is 8 years, but most individuals survive only 2 to 3 years, and only 10% of individuals survive their first 64 months of life.

Range lifespan
Status: wild:
8 (high) years.

Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
5 to 9.5 years.

Typical lifespan
Status: wild:
2 to 8 years.

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
2-3 years.

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Morphology

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Hopi chipmunks are small, monotypic chipmunks in the subgenus Neotamias. They weigh 47.9 to 59.3 grams depending on the season. Their external length measures 197 to 235 mm. Females are generally slightly larger than males but have no other distinct differences in morphology. The coloring is buffy and gray patchwork. Upperparts have black stripes highlighted with tones of orange-red running in an anterior to posterior direction down its back. Hopi chipmunks also have pale facial white and "rufous" facial stripes with the lower stripe extending under the ears. The tail is mixed black and chestnut dorsally and chestnut with faint black stripes ventrally. There are two annual molts: one in the spring and one in early autumn. The dental formula is I 1/1, C 0/0, P 2/1, M 3/3, totaling 22 teeth. The skull has a long and narrow braincase, short nasals, a narrow interorbital region, and rather large auditory bullae.

Range mass: 47.9 to 59.3 g.

Range length: 197 to 235 mm.

Sexual Dimorphism: female larger

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Associations

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Hopi chipmunks are eaten by snakes, birds, and possibly mammals. Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) have been known to eat juvenile chipmunks. Other predators include coyotes (Canis latrans), Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni), and long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata). The exact mortality of the chipmunks by these predators is not known.

Known Predators:

  • bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi)
  • coyotes (Canis latrans)
  • Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni)
  • long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata)
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Reproduction

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The mating behavior of Hopi chipmunks is unknown. In other Neotamias species such as Merriam's chipmunks (Tamias merriami), several males congregate in areas where there are many females. Males run around if an estrous female is nearby. It is unknown if males chase the female until one corners her for copulation (such as in the Eastern chipmunk) or if males perform a display. When a male approaches a female, he rubs his body and face against hers. This may be a form of scent-marking, and precedes copulation. Pre-copulation vocals and mating calls have been noted in other Neotamias chipmunks and are most likely utilized by Hopi chipmunks.

Mating System: polygynous

The breeding season of Hopi chimpunks is from February until mid-April. Males prepare for the breeding season by becoming sexually active through enlargement of testes about a week after emerging from their winter dens. Females are prepared for mating immediately after exiting their winter dens. Females give birth to one litter after a gestation period of 30 to 33 days. Young chipmunks weigh an average of 3 grams at birth. The heads of the young are larger than bodies and they have no hair. The young are cold to the touch until they are a week old. They have a fairly uniform growth rate and gain 0.50 g per day on average. By 2 weeks, the color of the adult facial patterns becomes visible, the incisors have erupted, the toes have begun to separate, and the young can drag themselves using their front legs. By 3 weeks, the hair becomes smooth and more adult-like, the toes are fully separated, and the young can move more efficiently. At 5 weeks, the young become active outside and the cheek-teeth have erupted. At 6 weeks, they are consuming solid foods. Weaning is a slow process and usually occurs when the young are 6 to 7 weeks old and by then are fully independent. Sexual maturity usually occurs at 10 to 12 months with most females having their first litter in their first year.

Breeding interval: Hopi chipmunks breed once a year between February and April.

Breeding season: Breeding season of Hopi chipmunks runs from February to April.

Range number of offspring: 4 to 7.

Average number of offspring: 5.

Range gestation period: 30 to 33 days.

Average gestation period: 31 days.

Range weaning age: 6 to 7 weeks.

Average weaning age: 6 weeks.

Range time to independence: 6 to 7 weeks.

Average time to independence: 6 weeks.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 10 to 12 months.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 10 months.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 10 to 12 months.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 10 months.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization

The mother cares for the young extensively until they are capable of being independent. Weaning is a gradual process. Males contribute no parental care towards the young.

Parental Investment: altricial ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

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Tamias rufus ( Asturian )

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La esguil rayáu de Hopi (Tamias rufus) ye una pequeña especie de mamíferu rucador esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae qu'habita en Coloráu, Utah y Nuevu Méxicu, nel suroeste d'Estaos Xuníos. Enantes taba clasificada dientro de la especie Tamias quadrivittatus.[2]

Los esguiles rayaos de Hopi son animales xeneralmente cobardes, y suelen vivir en montones de piedres o nos resquiebros de les roques, en montes de juníperos.[3]

Referencies

  1. Linzey, A. V. & Hammerson, G. (2008). Tamias rufus. En: UICN 2008. Llista Roxa d'Especies Amenazaes UICN. Consultáu'l 8 January 2009.
  2. ZipcodeZoo. «Tamias rufus (Hopi Chipmunk)». The BayScience Foundation, Inc.. Archiváu dende l'orixinal, el 03 de payares de 2015. Consultáu'l 26 de xunetu de 2007.
  3. North American Mammals: Tamias rufus

Enllaces esternos

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Tamias rufus: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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La esguil rayáu de Hopi (Tamias rufus) ye una pequeña especie de mamíferu rucador esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae qu'habita en Coloráu, Utah y Nuevu Méxicu, nel suroeste d'Estaos Xuníos. Enantes taba clasificada dientro de la especie Tamias quadrivittatus.

Los esguiles rayaos de Hopi son animales xeneralmente cobardes, y suelen vivir en montones de piedres o nos resquiebros de les roques, en montes de juníperos.

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Esquirol llistat roig ( Catalan; Valencian )

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L'esquirol llistat roig (Neotamias rufus) és una espècie d'esquirol petit que es troba a Colorado, Utah i Nou Mèxic, al sud-oest dels Estats Units.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Esquirol llistat roig Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Esquirol llistat roig: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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L'esquirol llistat roig (Neotamias rufus) és una espècie d'esquirol petit que es troba a Colorado, Utah i Nou Mèxic, al sud-oest dels Estats Units.

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Hopi-Streifenhörnchen ( German )

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Das Hopi-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias rufus, Syn.: Neotamias rufus) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias). Es kommt im östlichen Utah, dem westlichen Colorado und dem nordöstlichen Arizona in den Vereinigten Staaten vor.

Merkmale

Das Hopi-Streifenhörnchen erreicht eine durchschnittliche Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von etwa 12,0 Zentimetern bei einer Streuung von 9,3 bis 14,8 Zentimeter, der Schwanz ist etwas kürzer. Das Fell der Tiere ist blass-orange bis zimtfarben, auf dem Rücken befinden sich – wie für die Gattung typisch – drei dunkle Rückenstreifen, die durch vier hellere Streifen getrennt und gegenüber den Körperseiten abgegrenzt sind. Der mittlere Streifen ist kastanienbraun, die beiden anderen Streifen entsprechen der sonstigen Fellfarbe und sind nur etwas dunkler. Die hellen Zwischenstreifen sind weiß bis gräulich. Die Hüften, die unteren Körperseiten und das Gesicht sind blassgrau, wobei das Gesicht gattungstypisch weiß gestreift ist. Die oberen Körperseiten und auch die Füße sind hell-orange. Die Bauchseite ist sandfarben bis blass-orange. Der Schwanz ist oberseits kohlenschwarz und rötlich durchsetzt, an der Unterseite ist er hell-orange mit schwarzen Rändern.[1]

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Hopi-Streifenhörnchens

Das Hopi-Streifenhörnchen kommt im östlichen Utah, dem westlichen Colorado und dem nordöstlichen Arizona in den Vereinigten Staaten vor.[1][2]

Lebensweise

 src=
Hopi-Streifenhörnchen bei der Nahrungsaufnahme

Das Hopi-Streifenhörnchen lebt in verschiedenen, meist steinigen Lebensräumen in seinem Verbreitungsgebiet, vor allem in offenen Wacholder-Pinyon-Beständen.[1] Manchmal nutzt er auch sandige und durch Coleogyne (blackbrush) und Oryzopsis hymenoides dominierte Habitate im Umfeld.[2]

Die Art ist tagaktiv und bodenlebend, die Tiere können jedoch auch in die Bäume und Felsen klettern. Ihr Aktivitätsraum ist etwa 0,4[2] bzw. 1,0[1] bis 1,3 Hektar groß und beinhaltet zahlreiche Bäume, Sträucher und Felsen. Sie sind überwiegend herbivor und ernähren sich überwiegend von Samen von Kräutern, Sträuchern und Bäumen, nutzen jedoch auch andere Pflanzenteile, Pilze und auch Insekten als zusätzliche Nahrungsquelle.[1] Als Opportunisten nutzen sie darüber hinaus Überreste aus dem anthropogenen Müll.[2] Die Tiere sammeln Samen in ihren Backentaschen und transportieren sie in geschützte Bereiche unter Büschen oder Felsen, um sie zu fressen. Sie legen zudem Lager unter Felsen und in Spalten an. Sie halten keinen Winterschlaf, fallen jedoch bei extrem kalten Temperaturen in einen kurzen Torpor, der an wärmeren Wintertagen unterbrochen wird. Sie verlassen an diesen Tagen das Nest und suchen sich Nahrung in der Umgebung oder in eigens angelegten Futterlagern nahe dem Nest. Im Vergleich zu den meisten anderen Streifenhörnchen setzen Hopi-Streifenhörnchen für die Winterzeit mehr Fett an, insgesamt 10 bis 20 % ihrer Körpermasse, und sorgen so für einen längeren Torpor vor.[1]

Die Tiere bauen ihre Nester im Boden im Bereich von Felsen oder unter Büschen. Die Männchen sind vom Februar bis zum späten April sexuell aktiv, die Paarungen finden entsprechend vor allem im Februar und März statt. Nach einer Tragzeit von 30 bis 33 Tagen werfen die Weibchen einen Wurf von durchschnittlich fünf Jungtieren. Diese werden für etwa sechs bis sieben Wochen gesäugt und verlassen das mütterliche Nest im Mai. Sie erreichen die Geschlechtsreife nach etwa zehn bis elf Monaten und können sich im Folgejahr verpaaren.[1]

Zu den wichtigsten Fressfeinden der Tiere gehören Füchse und Kojoten, Wiesel, Greifvögel und Schlangen.[1]

Systematik

Das Hopi-Streifenhörnchen wird als eigenständige Art innerhalb der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias) eingeordnet, die aus 25 Arten besteht.[3] Die wissenschaftliche Erstbeschreibung stammt von Donald Frederick Hoffmeister und L. Scott Ellis aus dem Jahr 1979, die die Art anhand von Individuen aus dem Coconino County, Arizona, als Unterart des Colorado-Streifenhörnchens als Eutamias quadrivittatus rufus einführten.[4][3] 1985 wurde sie von Howard Levenson et al. als eigenständige Art unter dem heute gültigen Namen Tamias rufus eingestuft.[5][6] Innerhalb der Streifenhörnchen wird das Hopi-Streifenhörnchen gemeinsam mit den meisten anderen Arten der Untergattung Neotamias zugeordnet, die auch als eigenständige Gattung diskutiert wird.[7]

Innerhalb der Art werden neben der Nominatform keine Unterarten unterschieden.[1]

Status, Bedrohung und Schutz

Das Hopi-Streifenhörnchen wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) als „nicht gefährdet“ (least concern) eingeordnet.[2] Begründet wird dies mit den angenommenen hohen Bestandszahlen und dem regelmäßigen Auftreten, potenzielle bestandsgefährdende Risiken sind nicht vorhanden.[2] Innerhalb ihres Verbreitungsgebietes werden die Hopi-Streifenhörnchen nicht bejagt oder gefangen, obwohl sie vor allem in Feldern, Gärten und Wohnanlagen in großer Anzahl störend werden können.[1]

Belege

  1. a b c d e f g h i j Richard W. Thorington Jr., John L. Koprowski, Michael A. Steele: Squirrels of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2012; S. 335–336. ISBN 978-1-4214-0469-1
  2. a b c d e f Neotamias rufus in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2015.3. Eingestellt von: A.V. Linzey & NatureServe (G. Hammerson), 2008. Abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2015.
  3. a b Tamias rufus In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 Bände. 3. Auflage. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  4. Donald Frederick Hoffmeister, L. Scott Ellis: Geographic Variation in Eutamias quadrivittatus with Comments on the Taxonomy of Other Arizonan Chipmunks The Southwestern Naturalist 24 (4), 10. Dezember 1979; S. 655–665. doi:10.2307/3670524
  5. Stephanie L. Burt, Troy L. Best: Tamias rufus. Mammalian Species 460, 1994.
  6. Howard Levenson, Robert S. Hoffmann, Charles F. Nadler, Ljerka Deutsch, Scott D. Freeman: Systematics of the Holarctic Chipmunks (Tamias). Journal of Mammalogy 1985, S. 219–242. doi:10.2307/1381236
  7. Bruce D. Patterson, Ryan W. Norris: Towards a uniform nomenclature for ground squirrels: the status of the Holarctic chipmunks. Mammalia 80 (3), Mai 2016; S. 241–251 doi:10.1515/mammalia-2015-0004

Literatur

Weblinks

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Hopi-Streifenhörnchen: Brief Summary ( German )

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Das Hopi-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias rufus, Syn.: Neotamias rufus) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias). Es kommt im östlichen Utah, dem westlichen Colorado und dem nordöstlichen Arizona in den Vereinigten Staaten vor.

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Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsje ( Western Frisian )

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It Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsje (Latynske namme: Neotamias rufus, foarhinne: Tamias rufus), ek wol de Hopy-chipmunk neamd, is in sûchdier út it skift fan 'e kjifdieren (Rodentia), de famylje fan 'e iikhoarntsjes (Sciuridae), de tûke fan 'e grûniikhoarntsjes (Marmotini), it boppeskaai fan 'e wangsekiikhoarntsjes (Tamias) en it skaai fan 'e Amerikaanske wangsekiikhoarntsjes (Neotamias). Dit bist libbet yn it súdwesten fan 'e Feriene Steaten. It Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsje waard foarhinne beskôge as in ûndersoarte fan it Koloradowangsekiikhoarntsje (Neotamias quadrivittatus), mar nij ûndersyk hat útwiisd dat it om in aparte soarte giet.

Fersprieding en biotoop

It Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsje komt foar yn it westlike part fan 'e Amerikaanske steat Kolorado, besuden de rivier de Yampa en yn 'e dellingen fan 'e rivieren de Kolorado en de Gunnison. Ek libbet dit bist yn lytsere dielen fan 'e oanbuorjende steaten Utah en Arizona. Kwa biotoop jouwe Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsjes de foarkar oan rotsige gebieten mei pinjondinen en jeneverbeibeammen.

Uterlike skaaimerken

It Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsje hat trochinoar in kop-romplingte fan 10½-12½ sm, mei in sturtlingte fan 8½-9½ sm en in gewicht fan 52-62 g. Hy is wat lytser fan stal as de measte Amerikaanske wangsekiikhoarntsjes, al binne de wyfkes justjes grutter as de mantsjes. Fierders ûnderskiedt it Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsje him troch it ûntbrekken fan swart hier yn 'e rêchstreken. De pels is op 'e rêch brún oant oranjebrún mei twa ljochtere streken yn 'e lingterjochting oan wjerskanten fan 'e wringe. Op 'e bealch en de kop is er ljochter fan kleur, mei twa witige streken dy't boppe en ûnder de eagen lâns rinne fan 'e snút nei de earen ta. It Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsje beskikt lykas alle wangsekiikhoarntsjes oer grutte wangpûden, dy't brûkt wurde om fluch-fluch iten yn op te slaan dat letter op in feiliger plak yn alle rêst bepluze wurde kin.

Hâlden en dragen

Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsjes binne fan natuere skouwe bistkes, en sels as se yn finzenskip holden wurde, kinne se nea echt nuet makke wurde. Yn it wyld lizze se nêsten oan yn rotsspjalten of ûnder púnheapen. Se binne fluch en wis op 'e poaten op 'e steile rotskanten fan ravinen en frijsteande rotsen. Ek klimme se faak yn strewellen om by gaadlik iten te kommen, mar dat frette se dêr nea op; se loegje it yn har wangpûden en naaie der mei út nei har nêst of nei in útsjochpunt boppe-op in rots, dêr't se ûnder it iten har om-en-by skerp yn 'e rekken hâlde kinne. Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsjes frette meast nuten, sieden en fruchten. Hjerstmis lizze se itensfoarrieden oan foar de winter.

Status

It Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsje hat de IUCN-status fan "net bedrige", mei't er yn syn ferspriedingsgebiet noch rûnom foarkomt en om't de populaasje stabyl liket te wêzen.

Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes

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Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsje: Brief Summary ( Western Frisian )

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It Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsje (Latynske namme: Neotamias rufus, foarhinne: Tamias rufus), ek wol de Hopy-chipmunk neamd, is in sûchdier út it skift fan 'e kjifdieren (Rodentia), de famylje fan 'e iikhoarntsjes (Sciuridae), de tûke fan 'e grûniikhoarntsjes (Marmotini), it boppeskaai fan 'e wangsekiikhoarntsjes (Tamias) en it skaai fan 'e Amerikaanske wangsekiikhoarntsjes (Neotamias). Dit bist libbet yn it súdwesten fan 'e Feriene Steaten. It Hopy-wangsekiikhoarntsje waard foarhinne beskôge as in ûndersoarte fan it Koloradowangsekiikhoarntsje (Neotamias quadrivittatus), mar nij ûndersyk hat útwiisd dat it om in aparte soarte giet.

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Hopi chipmunk

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The Hopi chipmunk, Neotamias rufus, is a small chipmunk found in Colorado, Utah and Arizona in the southwestern United States.[1] It was previously grouped with the Colorado chipmunk, T. quadrivittatus.[1] This species is listed as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List as it is common, widespread, and without any major threats.[1] It was last evaluated in 2016.

Description

This species is distinguished by somewhat smaller size and a dorsal pelage that generally lacks significant amounts of black in the stripes, resulting in a more orange red to buff pelage. Measurements are: total length 190–235 mm;[2] length of tail 83–95 mm; length of hindfoot 31–35 mm; length of ear 15–22 mm; weight 52–62 g. Females are slightly larger than males.

Habitat

Hopi chipmunks prefer rocky areas with pinion and juniper pines and feed mostly on nuts, seeds and fruits.[1] Food gathered is stored in cheek pouches and taken elsewhere for consumption or storage. They nest in rock piles or crevices. This is the common chipmunk of much of the canyon and slickrock piñon-juniper country in western Colorado. Population densities appear to be highest in areas with an abundance of broken rock or rubble at the base of cliff faces or in rock formations with deep fissures and crevices suitable for den sites.

In Colorado, the Hopi chipmunk occurs in the west from the Yampa River south. It ranges eastward along the Colorado River to Eagle County and along the Gunnison to the western end of the Black Canyon.

Diet

The diet includes seeds of Indian ricegrass and penstemon are eagerly sought as are seeds of junipers, piñon, oak, skunkbrush, and other shrubs.

Behavior

Hopi chipmunks are naturally timid, and even individuals born in captivity never become tame. Like Panamint chipmunks, they live in southwestern pinyon-juniper forests and nest in rock crevices or piles of broken rock. They are fast and sure-footed on the sheer rock faces of canyons and buttes. They often climb into shrubs to get seeds, but never eat there: either they take the food to the safety of their den, or perch on a boulder or other lookout where they can eat but at the same time watch for hawks or other predators.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Neotamias rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42578A115191185. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42578A22267793.en. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  2. ^ "Tamias rufus (Hopi chipmunk)". Animal Diversity Web. Archived from the original on 2018-10-26. Retrieved 2018-11-03.
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Hopi chipmunk: Brief Summary

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The Hopi chipmunk, Neotamias rufus, is a small chipmunk found in Colorado, Utah and Arizona in the southwestern United States. It was previously grouped with the Colorado chipmunk, T. quadrivittatus. This species is listed as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List as it is common, widespread, and without any major threats. It was last evaluated in 2016.

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Tamias rufus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La ardilla rayada de Hopi (Tamias rufus) es una pequeña especie de mamífero roedor esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae que habita en Colorado, Utah y Nuevo México, en el suroeste de Estados Unidos. Anteriormente estaba clasificada dentro de la especie Tamias quadrivittatus.[2]

Las ardillas rayadas de Hopi son animales generalmente tímidos, y suelen vivir en montones de piedras o en las grietas de las rocas, en bosques de juníperos.[3]

Referencias

  1. Linzey, A. V. & Hammerson, G. (2008). «Tamias rufus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2008 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 8 de enero de 2009.
  2. ZipcodeZoo (2004-2007). «Tamias rufus (Hopi Chipmunk)» (HTML). The BayScience Foundation, Inc. Archivado desde el original el 30 de septiembre de 2007. Consultado el 26 de julio de 2007.
  3. North American Mammals: Tamias rufus

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Tamias rufus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La ardilla rayada de Hopi (Tamias rufus) es una pequeña especie de mamífero roedor esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae que habita en Colorado, Utah y Nuevo México, en el suroeste de Estados Unidos. Anteriormente estaba clasificada dentro de la especie Tamias quadrivittatus.​

Las ardillas rayadas de Hopi son animales generalmente tímidos, y suelen vivir en montones de piedras o en las grietas de las rocas, en bosques de juníperos.​

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Tamias rufus ( Basque )

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Tamias rufus Tamias generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. Hoffmeister and Ellis (1979) Sciuridae Southwest. Nat. 656. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Tamias rufus: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Tamias rufus Tamias generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Tamias rufus ( Finnish )

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Tamias rufus tai Neotamias rufus on pienikokoinen maaoravien sukuun kuuluva jyrsijä, joka elää Coloradon, Utahin sekä Arizonan osavaltioissa, Yhdysvaltojen lounaisosassa. Laji ryhmiteltiin aikaisemmin samaksi lajiksi Tamias quadrivittatus -lajin kanssa.[1]

 src=
Tamias rufus

Lähteet

  1. a b Linzey, A.V. & NatureServe (Hammerson, G.): Tamias rufus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 1.7.2014. (englanniksi)
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Tamias rufus: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Tamias rufus tai Neotamias rufus on pienikokoinen maaoravien sukuun kuuluva jyrsijä, joka elää Coloradon, Utahin sekä Arizonan osavaltioissa, Yhdysvaltojen lounaisosassa. Laji ryhmiteltiin aikaisemmin samaksi lajiksi Tamias quadrivittatus -lajin kanssa.

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Tamias rufus ( French )

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Tamias rufus

Le Tamias rufus est un petit rongeur du genre Tamias et de la famille des sciuridés qui se rencontre aux États-Unis dans les États du Colorado, de l'Utah et du Nouveau-Mexique.

En anglais, il reçoit le nom de « Hopi chipmunk ».

Références

  • Hoffmeister & Ellis : Geographic variation in Eutamias quadrivittatus with comments on the taxonomy of other Arizonan chipmunks. Southwestern Naturalist, 24-4 p. 655-665. (Eutamias quadrivittatus rufus)
  • Patterson, B. D. 1984 : Geographic variation and taxonomy of. Colorado and Hopi chipmunks (genus Eutamias). Journal of Mammalogy 65 p. 442–456.

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Tamias rufus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Tamias rufus

Le Tamias rufus est un petit rongeur du genre Tamias et de la famille des sciuridés qui se rencontre aux États-Unis dans les États du Colorado, de l'Utah et du Nouveau-Mexique.

En anglais, il reçoit le nom de « Hopi chipmunk ».

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Hopichipmunk ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De hopichipmunk (Tamias rufus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Hoffmeister & Ellis in 1979.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in de Verenigde Staten.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Hopichipmunk: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De hopichipmunk (Tamias rufus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Hoffmeister & Ellis in 1979.

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Tamias rufus ( Swedish )

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Tamias rufus[2][3][4][5] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Hoffmeister och Ellis 1979. Den ingår i släktet jordekorrar och familjen ekorrar.[6][7] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[6]

Beskrivning

Pälsfärgen varierar, men är vanligen brunorange med inslag av grå områden. På ovansidan har de mörkare längsstrimmor omväxlande med ljusare.[8][9] Ansiktet har strimmor i rödbrunaktigt och vitt. Svansen är blandat svart och kastanjefärgad på ovansidan, kastanjebrun med svaga svarta längsstrimmor på sidorna. Arten har 22 tänder. Den är en liten jordekorre, med en kroppslängd mellan 20 och 23,5 cm och en vikt mellan 48 och 59 g. Som vanligt bland jordekorrar är honorna något större än hanarna.[8]

Ekologi

Arten, som lever på höjder mellan 1 290 till 2 700 m, föredrar klippiga habitat som klippbaserade tall- och enskogar med buskartad undervegetation (bland annat malörtsarter[8]), rullstenssluttningar med flera terrängtyper. Den är dagaktiv, med toppar under tidig morgon och sen eftermiddag. Speciellt under sommaren undviker de middagstimmarna.[1]

Jordekorren nyttjar träd och buskage som skydd, och inrättar sina bon under stenbumlingar eller buskar.[1] Arten sover vintersömn under november till februari–april, men sömnen är inte speciellt djup; det händer ofta att jordekorren vaknar och lämnar vintervistet för ett tag.[1][8]

Föda och predation

Födan består framför allt av olika bär och frön. Under försommar och sommar lever den främst på gröna växtdelar, och under hösten på nötter. Vattenbehovet är stort. Arten använder sina kindpåsar för att transportera föda, och lägger upp förråd för senare bruk.[8]

Själv utgör arten föda för prärievarg, långsvansad vessla och prärievråk. Snokarten Pituophis catenifer kan ta ungar.[8]

Fortplantning

Ceremonierna kring leken är inte kända, men det antas att flera hanar samlas och tävlar om en brunstig hona, precis som hos andra jordekorrar. Arten parar sig strax efter vintersömnens avslutning. Efter en dräktighet mellan 30 och 33 dygn föder honan mellan 4 och 7 nakna, outvecklade ungar. De dias mellan 6 och 7 veckor, men redan efter 5 veckor börjar de tillfälligtvis lämna boet. Fast föda börjar ätas vid omkring 6 veckors ålder. Individerna blir könsmogna vid 10 till 12 månaders ålder.[8]

Utbredning

Utbredningsområdet utgörs av västra USA omfattande västra Colorado, östra Utah och nordöstra Arizona.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d e f] Linzey, A.V. & Hammerson, G. 2008 Tamias rufus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 20 januari 2016.
  2. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  3. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  4. ^ (1998) , website, Tamias rufus Mammal Species of the World
  5. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  6. ^ [a b] Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Kunze T., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A. (red.) (2015). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, Nederländerna. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2015/search/all/key/tamias+rufus/match/1. Läst 26 januari 2016.
  7. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  8. ^ [a b c d e f g] Jessica Morris (2013). Tamias rufus Hopi chipmunk” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web (University of Michigan). http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Tamias_rufus/. Läst 20 januari 2016.
  9. ^ Stephanie L. Burt och Troy L. Best (2 juni 1994). ”Tamias rufus” (PDF, 681 kB). Mammalian Species No 460. The American Society of Mammalogists. http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-460-01-0001.pdf. Läst 20 januari 2016.

Externa länkar

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Tamias rufus: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Tamias rufus är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Hoffmeister och Ellis 1979. Den ingår i släktet jordekorrar och familjen ekorrar. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Бурундук рудий ( Ukrainian )

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Бурунду́к руди́й (Tamias rufus або Neotamias rufus) — вид гризунів з роду Бурундук (Tamias) родини Вивіркові (Sciuridae).

Бурундук рудий — невеликий бурундук, що водиться у штатах Колорадо, Юта і Нью-Мексико на південному заході США. Часто групується разом з Колорадським бурундуком (T. quadrivittatus).

Руді бурундуки, природно боязкі істоти, що живуть у грудах каменів або тріщинах у скелях. Вони швидко рухаються по кам'яним схилам каньйонів та іншим подібним поверхням. Це дозволяє їм здобувати насіння кущів, які ростуть на цих кам'яних формаціях.

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Бурундук рудий: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

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Бурунду́к руди́й (Tamias rufus або Neotamias rufus) — вид гризунів з роду Бурундук (Tamias) родини Вивіркові (Sciuridae).

Бурундук рудий — невеликий бурундук, що водиться у штатах Колорадо, Юта і Нью-Мексико на південному заході США. Часто групується разом з Колорадським бурундуком (T. quadrivittatus).

Руді бурундуки, природно боязкі істоти, що живуть у грудах каменів або тріщинах у скелях. Вони швидко рухаються по кам'яним схилам каньйонів та іншим подібним поверхням. Це дозволяє їм здобувати насіння кущів, які ростуть на цих кам'яних формаціях.

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Sóc chuột Hopi ( Vietnamese )

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Sóc chuột Hopi, tên khoa học Tamias rufus, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Hoffmeister & Ellis mô tả năm 1979.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Linzey, A. V. & Hammerson, G. (2008). Tamias rufus. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 1 năm 2009.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Tamias rufus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo

  • Thorington, R. W. Jr. and R. S. Hoffman. 2005. Family Sciuridae. pp. 754–818 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
  •  src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Tamias rufus tại Wikimedia Commons


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Họ Sóc này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Sóc chuột Hopi: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Sóc chuột Hopi, tên khoa học Tamias rufus, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Hoffmeister & Ellis mô tả năm 1979.

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호피다람쥐 ( Korean )

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호피다람쥐(Neotamias rufus)는 다람쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 미국 남서부콜로라도주유타주, 애리조나주에서 발견된다.[1] 이전에는 콜로라도다람쥐에 속하는 종으로 분류했다.[3][1] 피논소나무와 노간주나무가 자생하는 암반 지역을 좋아하며 견과류와 씨앗, 열매를 주로 먹는다. 먹이를 모아 뺨주머니에 넣어 이동하여 다른 곳에서 섭취하거나 보관한다. 바위 더미 또는 바위틈에 둥지를 만든다.

각주

  1. Cassola, F. 2016. Neotamias rufus (errata version published in 2017). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T42578A115191185. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42578A22267793.en. Downloaded on 03 November 2018.
  2. Thorington, R.W., Jr.; Hoffman, R.S. (2005). 〈Family Sciuridae〉 [다람쥐과]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 754–818쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. “Hopi Chipmunk - Tamias rufus - Related names - Encyclopedia of Life”. 《Encyclopedia of Life》 (영어). 2018년 1월 28일에 확인함.
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