Naked rumped tomb bats communicate through loud metallic squeaking. They use echolocation to aid in hunting and flight. Also, the glandular sacs on their chests may be used for territorial scent marking.
Communication Channels: acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; ultrasound ; echolocation ; chemical
In some areas populations of T. nudiventris have declined. In 1958 the government of Israel authorized the use of ethylene-dibromide to fumigate caves inhabited by fruit bats, Rousettus aegyptiacus, because they were considered agricultural pests. Many insectivorous bats that shared the same roosts, including T. nudiventris, were harmed as a result of this campaign. This caused the population increase of a noctuid moth, which, in turn, increased crop damage. It has also been noted, in India, that the population size of this species at many of its former roosts has decreased significantly. However, because naked-rumped tomb bats are widespread and fairly common, they are considered "least concern" by the IUCN.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
There are no reported negative economic effects of T. nudiventris on humans.
The guano of these bats is used as fertilizer by people in some regions. These bats also feed on insects that cause extensive crop damage.
Positive Impacts: produces fertilizer; controls pest population
Taphozous nudiventris is host to many different parasites including Trypanosoma longiflagellum, Lecithodendrium duboisi, Prosthodendrium parvouterus, Plagiorchis koreanus and Pycnoporus heteroporus. It is also considered a predator to many insects, which helps keep insect populations in check.
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Naked rumped tomb bats are insectivorous. Moth scales were found in large quantities in stomach contents, being especially common in the Gharbiya province when cotton leaf worms, Spodoptera littoralis, are abundant. In addition, they feed on beetles, cockroaches, house crickets, wasps, grasshoppers, and winged ants.
Animal Foods: insects
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )
Taphozous nudiventris is widely distributed, occurring through much of northern and central Africa, the Middle East, India, and other sub-Himalayan areas, and into the Malay Peninsula. Countries in which naked-rumped tomb bats are known to occur include: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, India, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Mauritania, Morocco, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of Togo, and Turkey.
Biogeographic Regions: palearctic (Native ); ethiopian (Native )
Naked-rumped tomb bats are found in arid habitats, including dry grasslands, deserts, and scrub forests.
Naked-rumped tomb bats roost in crevices in well-lit caves, old abandoned buildings, and sandstone hills. Sometimes they occupy the nests of swifts and are found in association with Rousettus leschenaultii and Hipposideros speoris. The roosts of T. nudiventris often contain only a few individuals, however, some roosts have been found with hundreds of individuals.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; savanna or grassland ; scrub forest
Other Habitat Features: agricultural ; caves
Not much is known about longevity in T. nudiventris
Taphozous nudiventris is large compared to other species of Taphozous. It is similar to Taphozous perforatus but the length of the forearm is larger in T. nudiventris, ranging from 64 mm to 83 mm. This species is divided into two subspecies, T. n. nudiventris, which includes all specimens from the Levant and southern Arabia, and T. n. magnus, which includes specimens from Iraq, Bahrain, and Das Island. Taphozous nudiventris magnus is larger than T. n. nudiventris). Sexual dimorphism is apparent, with males larger than females in all characters except total length and forearm length. Males have a gland on the upper part of their chest, which is absent in females. The pelage is short and fine. It is brown or grayish on the dorsal surface and light grey on the ventral surface. The lower back and abdomen are naked of hair, giving them their common name: "naked rumped tomb bat."
The skull is large and robust with well developed sagittal and lamdoidal crests. It is similar in size to T. saccolaimus and T. theobaldi. The skull of T. nudiventris can be distinguished from T. saccolaimus by the tympanic bullae, which are completely ossified in the former, but not in the latter. Compared to T. theobaldi, T. nudiventris has broad zygomatic arches and less developed basisphenoid pits.
Range length: 101 to 146 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger
In Palestine, T. nudiventris has been found in the pellets of barn owls, Tyto alba.
Known Predators:
Naked rumped tomb bats breed seasonally during the autumn. There has been little research on their mating system. In the closely related species, Taphozous melanopogon, the sex ratio in colonies varies throughout the season. There is an equal ratio of males and females during the breeding season but during the non-breeding season there are more males than females, suggesting some differences in roosting preferences of males and females.
In Iraq, insemination in females happens in autumn before naked rumped tomb bats migrate to winter roosts. The fertilization of the egg is delayed until 3 to 7 days after females awake from hibernation at the end of March. A single offspring is born in the last week of May. The offspring remains naked and blind for three weeks and travels on its mother's back during this time period. By the end of August the young are capable of flight.
In India, copulation and fertilization take place at the same time, during the last week of March and the first week of April. The gestation period is about 98 days, and birth occurs in mid-July. Full adult size is reached in about six months. Females are sexually mature at about nine months and males at about twenty months.
Breeding interval: Naked rumped tomb bats breed once yearly.
Breeding season: Mating occurs in August, before hibernation, or in March, after emerging from hibernation.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average gestation period: 98 days.
Average weaning age: 6 weeks.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 9 months.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 20 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous ; sperm-storing
For three weeks after the young are born they cling to their mother in flight. Lactation lasts for about six weeks.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female)
Narrow (all but one record from Nile Valley and El Faiyum).
Native, resident.
The naked-rumped tomb bat (Taphozous nudiventris) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae.[2] Found in northern Africa, the Middle East, and southeastern Asia, its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and forests, caves, and arid areas.
The naked-rumped tomb bat is a moderate-sized, sac-winged bat, males typically being slightly larger than females. The head is fairly flat with a long, cone-shaped snout and a shallow depression between the large eyes. The lower lip has a grooved protuberance and the ears are triangular and backward-pointing. There is no nose-leaf and the throat pouches are well-developed in the male but less so in the female. The fur is short and sleek, and covers the whole body apart from the rump, lower belly and hind limbs; there is a sharp division between the furred and naked parts, with about one third of the total surface lacking hair. The dorsal pelage is pale greyish-brown, deep brown or rusty-brown and the ventral pelage is a paler colour than the back. The wing membrane is dark brown and the tail projects freely from the upper surface of the interfemoral membrane.[3]
This bat is widely distributed across northern Africa and western Asia. Its range extends from Morocco and sub-Saharan Africa through Egypt and the Middle East to Pakistan and India. It is found in semi-arid and arid areas as well as tropical forests; wherever there is a combination of open areas in which to hunt and suitable roosting sites in rocky or underground locations. It is often associated with human settlements, but is not tolerant of much disturbance at its roosting sites.[1]
The naked-rumped tomb bat is agile, flying fast and high in open areas, hawking for insects. It is a social species, becoming active about half an hour before the sun sets, and streaming from the daytime roost shortly after sunset. Its diet includes beetles, moths, grasshoppers, crickets, cockroaches and flying ants. It roosts gregariously in crevices between stones, in caves, crags, ruins and old buildings. In Egypt, it roosts in the Karnak Temple Complex, alongside several other species of bat, each in its own location.[3] In Iraq and Pakistan it makes annual migrations, roosting in cool caves and buildings and laying down fat reserves in summer, and relocating to warmer buildings in winter, where it may enter a state of torpor.[3]
For most of the year, males and females roost together, but the males move to roost elsewhere before the young are born. For the first few weeks, the new-born bat clings to its mother while she flies, but later, the young roost beside their mothers, remaining behind while their mothers forage. Even when they start foraging on the wing themselves, the young accompany their parent. The gestation period is nine weeks, but the female may store the sperm during hibernation, with fertilisation and pregnancy occurring in the spring. The bats are preyed on by owls and hawks, the latter sometimes picking them off as they leave their daytime roost.[3]
The naked-rumped tomb bat has a very wide range across northern and Central Africa, the Middle East and southern Asia. It is uncommon in western Africa where it usually occurs in small groups, but more plentiful, with large colonies, in eastern Africa. It is also common in southern Asia, but altogether its numbers seem to be declining. It is tolerant of some level of disturbance by humans in its habitat, but some populations may be adversely affected by the use of pesticides. It faces few threats, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]
The naked-rumped tomb bat (Taphozous nudiventris) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae. Found in northern Africa, the Middle East, and southeastern Asia, its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and forests, caves, and arid areas.
