Noseburn

Erect or scrambling or twining, monoecious (rarely dioecious) perennial herbs or shrubs, with stinging hairs. Leaves alternate, stipulate, often cordate. Flowers in racemes, usually mostly male with 1-2 females at the base. Bracts conspicuous, persistent. Petals 0. Male flowers with 3 sepals and 3 stamens. Female flowers with 3 or 6 pinnate or palmate sepals, becoming enlarged in fruit. Ovary 3-locular.

Tragia is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is widespread across North and South America, Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian Subcontinent, northern Australia, and to various islands in the Caribbean and in the Indian Ocean.

Plants in this genus are sometimes known as noseburns.

Of the more than 150 species in the genus, around 25 are mentioned as medicinal, with strong antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative activity.

These species are used in Siddha medicine, which is practiced by the Tamil people, and is used in curing eczema, fevers, wheezing, and diabetes.

Species Tragia abortiva – Ethiopia Tragia acalyphoides – Uzaramo Tragia adenanthera – Tanzania, Malawi Tragia adenophila – Paraguay Tragia affinis – C + S Mexico Tragia aliena – tropical America Tragia amblyodonta – Mexico, SW US Tragia angolensis – Angola, Zambia Tragia arabica – Ethiopia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia Tragia arnhemica – Northern Territory Tragia ashiae – Ethiopia Tragia aurea – Bolivia Tragia bahiensis – Brazil, NE Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay Tragia balfourii – Socotra Tragia ballyi – Kenya Tragia baroniana – Madagascar Tragia benthamii – tropical Africa Tragia betonicifolia – SC US Tragia bicolor – S India Tragia biflora – Hispaniola Tragia boiviniana – Nosy Be Tragia bongolana – Sudan Tragia brevipes – C + E Africa Tragia brevispica – Texas, Oklahoma, Tamaulipas Tragia brouniana – Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia Tragia capensis – South Africa Tragia caperonioides – Paraguay Tragia catamarcensis – Catamarca Tragia ceanothifolia – Kenya Tragia cearensis – Ceará Tragia chevalieri – Benin, Ivory Coast, Nigeria Tragia chlorocaulon – Bolivia, S Brazil Tragia cinerea – Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, Kenya Tragia cocculifolia – Madagascar Tragia collina – KwaZulu-Natal Tragia cordata – SE + SC US Tragia correae – Costa Rica, Panama Tragia crenata – Ethiopia Tragia cubensis – Cuba Tragia cuneata – Bahia Tragia descampsii – Zaire, Zambia, Tanzania Tragia dinteri – Namibia Tragia dioica – southern Africa Tragia dodecandra – N Argentina Tragia doryodes – Ethiopia Tragia durbanensis – S Mozambique, South Africa Tragia fallacina – Uruguay Tragia fasciculata – Central African Rep Tragia finalis – N Queensland Tragia friesii – Bolivia, NW Argentina Tragia furialis – SE Africa, Comoros, Madagascar Tragia gardneri – Zimbabwe Tragia geraniifolia – SE South America Tragia giardelliae – S Brazil, Misiones Tragia glabrescens – Kenya, Tanzania Tragia glanduligera – Mexico, S Texas Tragia gracilis – E Cuba Tragia guatemalensis – Guatemala Tragia guyanensis – Amazonas in S Venezuela Tragia hassleriana – Paraguay Tragia hieronymi – Bolivia, NW Argentina, Paraguay Tragia hildebrandtii – E Africa Tragia hispida – Uttarakhand, Nepal, Assam, Bhutan, Bangladesh Tragia imerinica – Madagascar Tragia impedita – Kenya, Tanzania Tragia incana – Uruguay Tragia incisifolia – southern Africa Tragia insuavis – Kenya, Tanzania Tragia involucrata – Indian Subcontinent Tragia ivohibeensis – Madagascar Tragia jonesii – NW Mexico Tragia karsteniana – Colombia Tragia kirkiana – E + SE Africa Tragia laciniata – S Arizona, Chihuahua, Sonora Tragia laminularis – W Africa Tragia lancifolia – Namibia Tragia lasiophylla – Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia Tragia lassia – Madagascar Tragia leucandra – S Brazil Tragia lippiifolia – Tanzania Tragia lukafuensis – Katanga, Zambia Tragia mazoensis – Zimbabwe Tragia melochioides – Uruguay, NW Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil Tragia mexicana – Mexico, Belize, Guatemala Tragia meyeriana – southern Africa Tragia micromenes – Zambia Tragia mildbraediana – W Africa Tragia minor – southern Africa Tragia mitis – Sudan, Ethiopia Tragia mixta – E Africa Tragia moammarensis – Yemen Tragia monadelpha – Guinea Tragia montana – S India, Sri Lanka Tragia negeliensis – Ethiopia Tragia nepetifolia – Mexico, Honduras, SW US Tragia nigricans – Texas Tragia novae-hollandiae – Queensland, New South Wales Tragia okanyua – E + SE + S Africa Tragia pacifica – Chiapas, Oaxaca, Sinaloa Tragia paxii – S Brazil, Misiones Tragia peltata – Rio de Janeiro Tragia perrieri – Madagascar Tragia petiolaris – Tanzania, Zambia Tragia physocarpa – Namibia, Limpopo Tragia pinnata – Uruguay, NW Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil Tragia platycalyx – Singida Tragia plukenetii – E + C + SC Africa, India, Sri Lanka Tragia plumieri – Haiti Tragia pogostemonoides – Tanzania Tragia pohlii – Goiás Tragia polyandra – S Brazil, Misiones, Paraguay Tragia polygonoides – Ivory Coast Tragia potosina – San Luis Potosí Tragia praetervisa – S India, Sri Lanka Tragia preussii – W + C Africa Tragia prionoides – Zimbabwe, Limpopo Tragia prostrata – Zambia Tragia pungens – NE Africa, Yemen, Saudi Arabia Tragia ramosa – SW + SC US, Nuevo León, Coahuila Tragia rhodesiae – Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi Tragia rhoicifolia – N Somalia Tragia rogersii – Limpopo Tragia rubiginosa – Peru Tragia rupestris – southern Africa Tragia sanjappae – S India Tragia saxicola – S Florida Tragia schlechteri – KwaZulu-Natal Tragia schweinfurthii – Ethiopia Tragia senegalensis – W Africa Tragia shirensis – Malawi, Mozambique Tragia smallii – SE US Tragia sonderi – KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini Tragia spathulata – W Africa Tragia stipularis – Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia Tragia subhastata – Peru Tragia subsessilis – Kenya, Tanzania Tragia tabulaemontana – French Guiana Tragia tenuifolia – tropical Africa Tragia tiverneana – Madagascar Tragia tripartita – Sudan Tragia tristis – Paraguay, Brazil Tragia triumfetoides – Ethiopia Tragia uberabana – SE + SC South America Tragia ukambensis – Kenya, Uganda Tragia uncinata – Ethiopia Tragia urens – SE US Tragia urticifolia – SE + SC US, Tamaulipas, Campeche Tragia vogelii – W + C Africa Tragia volubilis – Mexico, S + C America, W Indies, tropical Africa Tragia wahlbergiana – Mozambique, Limpopo Tragia wildemanii – W Africa Tragia yucatanensis – Yucatán, Belize, Honduras formerly included

moved to other genera (Acalypha Adenophaedra Alchornea Bia Cleidion Cnesmone Dalechampia Megistostigma Micrococca Microstachys Omphalea Pachystylidium Platygyna Plukenetia Sclerocroton Shirakiopsis Tragiella Zuckertia )

T. alienata – Bia alienata T. ambigua – Tragiella natalensis T. anisosepala – Cnesmone anisosepala T. anomala – Tragiella anomala T. arborea – Acalypha filiformis T. bailloniana – Zuckertia cordata T. bicornis – Microstachys corniculata T. bracteata – Omphalea bracteata T. buettneri – Dalechampia ipomoeifolia T. burmanica – Megistostigma burmanicum T. castaneifolia – Acalypha integrifolia subsp. marginata T. chamaelea – Microstachys chamaelea T. cissoides – Bia alienata T. colorata – Acalypha integrifolia T. corniculata – Microstachys corniculata T. delpyana – Pachystylidium hirsutum T. dentata (Alain) Alain 1971 not Klotzsch ex Pax & K.Hoffm. 1919 – Platygyna dentata T. elliptica – Shirakiopsis elliptica T. fallax – Bia fallax T. fendleri – Bia fendleri T. filiformis – Cleidion javanicum T. frieseana – Tragiella frieseana T. fruticosa – Acalypha integrifolia T. gagei – Pachystylidium hirsutum T. grandifolia – Adenophaedra grandifolia T. hastata Reinw. ex Hassk. 1868 not (Klotzsch) Müll.Arg. 1874 – Cnesmone javanica T. hexandra – Platygyna hexandra T. hirsuta – Pachystylidium hirsutum T. howardii – Platygyna volubilis T. innocua Blanco 1845 not Walter 1788 – Alchornea rugosa T. integerrima – Sclerocroton integerrimus T. integrifolia – Acalypha integrifolia T. irritans – Pachystylidium hirsutum T. japurensis – Bia fendleri T. laevis – Cnesmone laevis T. leonis – Platygyna leonis T. lessertiana – Bia lessertiana T. lobata – Acalypha integrifolia T. macrophylla – Cnesmone javanica T. mairei – Cnesmone mairei T. marginata – Acalypha integrifolia T. mercurialis – Micrococca mercurialis T. natalensis Hochst. – Sclerocroton integerrimus T. natalensis Sond. – Tragiella natalensis T. obovata – Platygyna obovata T. obtusata – Acalypha integrifolia T. odorata – Acalypha integrifolia T. parvifolia (Alain) Alain 1971 not Pax 1894 – Platygyna parvifolia T. philippinensis – Cnesmone philippinensis T. pilosa – Microstachys corniculata T. pruricus – Platygyna hexandra T. reticulata – Acalypha filiformis T. rugosa – Cnesmone javanica T. salviifolia – Acalypha salviifolia T. saxatilis Bojer ex Pax 1924 – Acalypha spachiana T. schultzeana – Plukenetia africana T. sellowiana – Bia alienata T. shankii – Dalechampia shankii T. tenuis – Acalypha brachystachya T. triandra Müll.Arg. 1866 – Seidelia triandra T. triandra (Borhidi) Borhidi 1972 – Platygyna triandra T. villosa – Acalypha capensis