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Description

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Limnonectes kadarsani is a large fanged frog (genus Limnonectes) from the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. Snout-vent length reaches 120 mm in adult males. Skin texture is smooth, but wrinkled, with tubercles along the side of the body. The ventral surface and legs are smooth. The supratympanic fold is thick. A short dorsolateral fold runs along the anterior portion of the back. The head is as wide as it is long, or wider in adult males. The snout is rounded, with nostrils close to the tip of the snout. Two projections rise from the front of the lower jaw (odontoid processes, the “fangs” characteristic of the genus) in adult males. No vocal sac is present. The space between the eyes is smaller than the diameter of each eye. The vomerine teeth lie in two oblique rows just behind the choanae. The tympana are distinct. A “/ ” or “W” shaped marking lies over the scapulae. The limbs and digits of L. kadarsani are stout; the relative lengths of the fingers (from longest to shortest) is 3, 1, 4, 2. A fringe of skin runs along the second and third fingers, and the fingertips are enlarged. The toes are fully webbed, and also have enlarged tips. A thin tarsal fold and flap runs along the outer toes, and a skin flap sits behind the inner metatarsal tubercle. Young individuals have two rows of tubercles running along the back, but these are lost in adults (Iskandar et al. 1996). Limnonectes kadarsani can be distinguished from other Limnonectes species by the presence of two dorsal tubercle rows in juveniles, moderately large adult size (larger than L. modestus but smaller than L. macrodon), large exoccipital crests in males, lack of vocal sacs in males, enlarged head of males, and lack of odontoid processes in females and juveniles (Iskandar et al. 1996).Males are slightly larger than females, with wider heads. Growth of the exoccipital crest (a bony projection at the back of the skull) results in a greater distance between the eyes and tympana in adult males (up to 15 mm as opposed to the 4-6 mm seen in females). The exoccipital crest is externally visible as a raised knob at the back of the head in adult males (Iskandar et al. 1996). In alcohol, the dorsum appears reddish-brown or grayish-brown, with a black supratympanic fold. The ventral surface is lighter and dusted with gray (Iskandar et al. 1996).The species is named for Dr. Sampuro Kadarsani, the former director of the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (Iskandar et al. 1996).Limnonectes kadarsani is most closely related to L. macrodon, and is slightly more distantly related to L. modestus (Iskandar et al. 1996).Limnonectes kadarsani was previously believed to be a part of L. macrodon. Specimens from Lombok island have previously been identified as L. modestus (Iskandar et al. 1996).

References

  • Iskandar, D. T., Boeadi, and Sancoyo, M. (1996). ''Limnonectes kadarsani (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae), a new frog from the Nusa Tenggara Islands.'' The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44(1), 21-28.
  • Iskandar, D., and Mumpuni (2004). Limnonectes kadarsani. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 29 April 2013.

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Distribution and Habitat

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Limnonectes kadarsani is found on Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Adonara, and Lembata in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, at elevations below 1,200 meters (Iskandar and Mumpuni 2004).Limnonectes kadarsani can be found in canopy covered primary or secondary forests, in and around streams (Iskandar and Mumpuni 2004).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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The species is relatively abundant and has a wide range, but faces threats from pollution due to agricultural runoff, consumption by humans, and deforestation. The species can be found in the protected area of Gunung Rinjani Natural Reserve on the island of Lombok (Iskandar and Mumpuni 2004).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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The eggs of L. kadarsani measure around 2.2 mm, and have a darkened animal pole (Iskandar et al. 1996). The species breeds in streams (Iskandar and Mumpuni 2004).
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Relation to Humans

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Due to its large size, L. kadarsani is consumed by humans (Iskandar and Mumpuni 2004).
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Limnonectes kadarsani ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Limnonectes kadarsani és una espècie de granota que viu a Indonèsia.

Es troba amenaçada d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.

Referències

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Limnonectes kadarsani: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Limnonectes kadarsani és una espècie de granota que viu a Indonèsia.

Es troba amenaçada d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.

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Limnonectes kadarsani

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Limnonectes kadarsani is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to Indonesia where it is found in the Lesser Sunda Islands. Specifically, it has been recorded from Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and Adonara.[2] Its natural habitats are tropical primary and secondary wet and dry forests where it occurs around forested streams. It is a relatively common frog. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN although potential threats include exploitation for food, water pollution from agriculture, and forest clearing.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2018). "Limnonectes kadarsani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T58342A114921333. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T58342A114921333.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Limnonectes kadarsani Iskandar, Boeadi, and Sancoyo, 1996". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
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Limnonectes kadarsani: Brief Summary

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Limnonectes kadarsani is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to Indonesia where it is found in the Lesser Sunda Islands. Specifically, it has been recorded from Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and Adonara. Its natural habitats are tropical primary and secondary wet and dry forests where it occurs around forested streams. It is a relatively common frog. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN although potential threats include exploitation for food, water pollution from agriculture, and forest clearing.

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Limnonectes kadarsani ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Limnonectes kadarsani es una especie de anfibio anuro del género Limnonectes de la familia Dicroglossidae.[1]

Originaria de Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Adonara y Lembata, en las Islas menores de la Sonda, en la Wallacea. Aparece por encima de los 1200 msnm.[2]

Referencias

  1. Frost, D.R. « Limnonectes kadarsani». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. (en inglés). Nueva York, EEUU: Museo Americano de Historia Natural. Consultado el 9 de febrero de 2014.
  2. Iskandar, D. & Mumpuni 2004. Limnonectes kadarsani. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 23 July 2007.

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Limnonectes kadarsani: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Limnonectes kadarsani es una especie de anfibio anuro del género Limnonectes de la familia Dicroglossidae.​

Originaria de Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Adonara y Lembata, en las Islas menores de la Sonda, en la Wallacea. Aparece por encima de los 1200 msnm.​

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Limnonectes kadarsani ( Basque )

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Limnonectes kadarsani Limnonectes generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Dicroglossidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

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Limnonectes kadarsani: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Limnonectes kadarsani Limnonectes generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Dicroglossidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Limnonectes kadarsani ( French )

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Limnonectes kadarsani est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Dicroglossidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique des petites îles de la Sonde en Indonésie[1]. Elle se rencontre sur les îles de Florès, de Lombok, de Sumbawa, d'Adonara et de Lembata jusqu'à 1 200 m d'altitude.

Description

Les mâles mesurent de 54,0 à 120,0 mm et les femelles de 53,5 à 107,0 mm[2].

Étymologie

Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Sampurno Kadarsan[2].

Publication originale

  • Inger, Boeadi & Sancoyo, 1996 : Limnonectes kadarsani (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae), a new frog from the Nusa Tenggara Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Singapore, vol. 44, no 1, p. 21-28 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Amphibian Species of the World, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. a et b Inger, Boeadi & Sancoyo, 1996 : Limnonectes kadarsani (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae), a new frog from the Nusa Tenggara Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Singapore, vol. 44, no 1, p. 21-28 (texte intégral).
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Limnonectes kadarsani: Brief Summary ( French )

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Limnonectes kadarsani est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Dicroglossidae.

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Limnonectes kadarsani ( Indonesian )

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Limnonectes kadarsani adalah spesies katak dari keluarga Ranidae. Hewan ini adalah endemik Indonesia. Katak ini ditemukan sampai ketinggian 1200 mdpl di pulau Flores, Lombok dan Sumbawa, Adonara dan Lembata di Kepulauan Sunda kecil.

Referensi

Pranala luar

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Limnonectes kadarsani: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Limnonectes kadarsani adalah spesies katak dari keluarga Ranidae. Hewan ini adalah endemik Indonesia. Katak ini ditemukan sampai ketinggian 1200 mdpl di pulau Flores, Lombok dan Sumbawa, Adonara dan Lembata di Kepulauan Sunda kecil.

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Limnonectes kadarsani ( Portuguese )

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Limnonectes kadarsani é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Ranidae.

É endémica da Indonésia.

Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas secas tropicais ou subtropicais , florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude, regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude e rios.[1]

Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.[1]

Referências

  1. a b c Iskandar, D. & Mumpuni (2004). Limnonectes kadarsani (em inglês). IUCN 2006. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2006 . Página visitada em 23 de Julho de 2007.
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Limnonectes kadarsani: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Limnonectes kadarsani é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Ranidae.

É endémica da Indonésia.

Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas secas tropicais ou subtropicais , florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude, regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude e rios.

Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.

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Limnonectes kadarsani ( Vietnamese )

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Limnonectes kadarsani là một loài ếch trong họ Ranidae. Chúng là loài đặc hữu của Indonesia.

Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng khô nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, rừng ẩm vùng đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, rừng mây ẩm nhiệt đới và cận nhiệt đới, và sông. Nó không được xem là bị đe dọa theo IUCN.

Tham khảo

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Limnonectes kadarsani: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Limnonectes kadarsani là một loài ếch trong họ Ranidae. Chúng là loài đặc hữu của Indonesia.

Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng khô nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, rừng ẩm vùng đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, rừng mây ẩm nhiệt đới và cận nhiệt đới, và sông. Nó không được xem là bị đe dọa theo IUCN.

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