Brazilian River Frog

Northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and southeastern of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

pigmentos

Rizomas

Description of holotype Snout rounded in profile, nearly rounded from above; nostrils lateral, near tip of snout; canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal obtuse; tympanum distinct, rounded, just larger than eye; prominent annular ring hidden dorsally by supratympanic fold, fold extending halfway down posterior edge of tympanum; tongue elongate with slight emargination on anterior edge; vomerine teeth forming an obtuse angle between anterior portion of choanae, separated by less than one choanal diameter; vocal slits and sac absent; finger lengths III > IV > II = I; fingers unwebbed but with lateral ridges; tips of fingers flattened, expanded, disk shaped, wider than long (disk on finger III 2.4 mm wide), finger disks much more pronounced than toe disks; palmar tubercle large, cordate; thenar tubercle large, merging with prepollex, forming a rounded triangle with apex on palm, separated from thumb subarticular tubercle by about one length of subarticular tubercle; one rounded subarticular tubercle on finger II, two on fingers III and IV; no supernumerary tubercles on fingers; several small, accessory palmar tubercles; cluster of dark spines on distal surface of prepollex, and on dorsal surface of thumb above second joint, extending nearly to disk; row of 11-12 spines dorsally on inner side of finger II, and row of 4-6 spines on finger III; dorsal texture smooth (weakly crenulate under magnification), upper eyelid granular, numerous scattered, low warts on flanks; venter smooth, under surface of thighs granular; tips of toes slightly expanded, flattened; toes unwebbed but with lateral ridges, ridges most pronounced on outer edges and on toe III; elongate inner metatarsal tubercle larger than rounded, pungent, outer metatarsal tubercle; weak tarsal fold extending length of tarsus. Snout-vent length 57.5 mm; head length 21.7 mm; head width 23.9 mm; horizontal tympanum diameter 6.5 mm (including annulus); eye diameter 6.1 mm; distance from eye to posterior edge of naris 6.2 mm; thigh length 30.5 mm; shank length 33.9 mm; foot length 33.1 mm. Color in preservative: dorsal basal color dark brown, with scattered, small light brown patches and irregular, longitudinal light brown patches; flanks indistinctly mottled gray and brown with scattered, low, light pigmented warts; light gray-brown interocular line with wavy margins; upper lip light brown at base, brown in places extending upward and merging with gray loreal color. Dark brown, relatively broad canthal stripe from in front of naris to eye; upper surfaces of limbs barred; posterior surface of thigh almost uniform light brown with a few scattered light flecks; venter cream with light brown wash, wash more concentrated on throat and pectoral region. Variation in adult specimens (n = 2 males) In preservative, the dorsal color ranges from a dark and light brown mottle in one specimen to light gray mottled with indistinct, rounded dark gray patches, a light central blotch, and light flecking on flanks and behind eyes in the other. The loreal color ranges from light brown to gray, the upper lip from dark brown to gray. The dorsal texture is smooth with numerous low warts on flanks and/or posteriorly on dorsum. One or two light interocular bars (dark bordered in one specimen) are present. Asperities are present on thumb and finger II or fingers II and III; the tympanum is just larger than the eye in one specimen and just smaller than the eye in the other. The disk on finger III is slightly more than twice the width of the finger at its narrowest point in one specimen, slightly less than twice the finger width in the other specimen. Description of the larvae Larvae elongate, depressed; tail fin low; dorsal fin present only on posterior 45% (35-60%) tail; ventral fin flattened and broadened, forming a concave strip narrowing posteriorly; depth of ventral fin increasing posteriorly, becoming just shallower than dorsal fin on posterior 40% of tail. Venter flattened, ventral skin forming a shelf extending slightly from the sides of the body, with a posterior flap projecting under the tail; spiracle sinistral, very small; anus median; eye moderately large, 15% (14-17%) head-body length; oral disk broad, 36% (34-41%) head-body length; oral disk laterally indented; oral papillae in single row, continuous posteriorly, but with anterior gap almost width of disk; tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1); upper tooth row adjacent to beaks consisting of two separate rows abutting medially; beaks laterally compressed, with deep central cusps. Total length 28.5 mm (16.9-33.9 mm); head-body length 29% (29-33%) total length. Dorsal color brown, lightening posteriorly; tail barred dorsally with lighter brown. Gut visible through peritoneum and ventral skin, ventral surfaces unpigmented except for few scattered melanophores on belly and posterior tail.

ÁSIA TROPICAL

NT. Near Threatened. Listed as "VU" (Vulnerable) in the Red list of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

Thoropa saxatilis is a species of frog in the family Cycloramphidae. It is endemic to southern Brazil and occurs in the Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states, corresponding to the southernmost extent of the Atlantic Forest biome. The specific name saxatilis refers to its association with rocks. Common name Brazilian river frog has been coined for it.