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Diagnostic Description

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Distinguished from its congeners by possessing large coronomeckelian bone and dentigerous arm of premaxilla about 1.5 times the height of ascending process (vs. small coronomeckelian bone and dentigerous arm of premaxilla about 2 times or more the height of ascending process), and the following combination of characters: quadrate-mandibular articulation at anterior half of orbit; mouth hypognathous; posterior border of maxilla at anterior border of orbit or placed anterior to it, generally not beyond posterior border of lachrymal; hyoid artery piercing dorsal hypohyal; 3 predorsal bones; one super-numerary spine on first dorsal pterygiophore (rarely none); 3rd or 4th dorsal fin spine the longest; 7-8 trisegmented pterygiophores in dorsal fin; upper jaw length 90-120% snout length and 28-36% HL; head length 24-33% SL; length of pectoral and pelvic fins 48-75% HL; 50-80% body depth; 14-17 pectoral fin rays; 8-11 anal fin rays; 45-49 caudal fin rays; procurrent spur present (Ref. 55324).
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Recorder
Crispina B. Binohlan
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Diseases and Parasites

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Hysterothylacium Infection 8. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Camallanus Infection 16. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Philonema Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Hysterothylacium Infection (Hysterothylacium sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Hypoechinorhynchus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Diseases and Parasites

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Hysterothylacium Infection 5. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Recorder
Allan Palacio
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Morphology

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Analsoft rays: 8 - 11
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Recorder
Crispina B. Binohlan
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Trophic Strategy

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Feeds mainly on insects (Ref. 30526). Also Ref. 26616.
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Recorder
Pascualita Sa-a
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Importance

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fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Recorder
Estelita Emily Capuli
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