Eperua jenmanii Oliv.

Eperua jenmanii Oliver ssp. jenmanii

Stipules 3–9.5 (−20) mm long, 1.5–5 (−10) mm wide; leaflets pellucid-punctate; bracts, bracteoles, inflorescence axes, and hypanthium minutely or microscopically puberulous, the bracts 4–5 mm long, 4.5–6 mm wide, the bracteoles 5–7 mm long and wide; staminal tube 9.5–13.5 mm long on shorter side, 12–18 mm on the longer side.

TYPE COLLECTION.—G. S. Jenman 2154 (lectotype K), Essequibo River, Aug 1884, Guyana, Dec 1899. In the protologue, Oliver listed five Jenman collections of which the one named above is an adequate representative.

DISTRIBUTION.—Frequent to common in lowland rain forest, often along rivers, in French Guiana, Guyana (on coarse white sands in the Pakaraimas) and in southeastern Venezuela at 250–550 m elevation; probably also in Suriname but fertile material from there has not been seen that can be assigned for certain to this species; cultivated in Mexico, Singapore, Cameroon (Africa), Jamaica, and Trinidad. Flowering August to November.

VENEZUELA. Bolívar: road south of El Dorado, 42–65 km, 26 July 1960, Steyermark 86665 (NY, US). GUYANA: Kumaka, Kurupung R., 25 Aug 1925, Altson 313 (K); no locality or date, Appun 756 (K); Kartabo Point, Mazaruni R., no date or collector, FD 958 (K); Rockstone, 15 July to 1 Aug 1921, Gleason 837 (BM, GH, NY, US); Demerara R., Dec 1899, Jenman 573 (K, NY), Jan 1882, Jenman 975 (K), Apr 1887, Jenman 3830 (K), Sept 1887, 4258 (K); Bartica, Nov 1888, Jenman 4770 (K); Kamakusa, 9 Nov 1922, Lang 70 (K, NY, US), 9 Nov 1922, Lang & Persaud s.n. (F); Moraballi Creek near Bartica, Oct 1929, Sandwith 710 (K, NY); Kukui R., Trail from Casobrikeva V, near Adaro R. mouth to Pipilipai V, 6 Sept 1960, Tillett & Tillett 45305 (NY, US); Kako R., 21 & 25 Sept 1960, Tillett & Tillett 45474 (GH, NY, US); Kamarang R., at mouth of Utschi R., 20 Oct 1960, Tillett & Tillett 45699 (NY, RB); Cuyuni R., Akarabice Creek, 31 July 1933, Tutin 439 (BM, K, US); 8.5 miles east of Kaburi R., Mazaruni R., 20 April 1926, Wood 876 (K). FRENCH GUIANA: no locality or date, Martin s.n. [type of Dimorpha grandiflora (Aublet) Rudge] (BM).

LOCAL NAMES AND USES.—Ituri wallaba (Tutin 439); mahomillo (Steyermark 86665), wobai-yek (Altson 313). The wood is used for firewood and for shingles. Oliver records the following in the protologue: “The scraped root is used by the Indians for the cure of toothache. The timber is used for the frames of houses, vat staves, paling staves, and shingles for colonial use and exportation.”

Eperua jenmanii Oliver sandwithii Cowan

A var. jenmanii stipulis plerumque 7–25 mm longis, 4–14 mm latis, foliolis epunctatis, bracteis et bracteoleis inflorescentiarum axibus pediceliis hypanthio glabris, bracteis 2–3 mm longis et 3–4 mm latis, bracteolis 3.5–5.5 mm longis et 3–5 mm latis, tubo filamentorum 5–11 mm longo dorsualiter sed 8–15 mm longo ventraliter differt.

TYPE COLLECTION.—Bassett Maguire 33136 (holotype NY, isotypes F, GH, RB, US), Raudal Guaiquinima, 200 m elev., 16–19 January 1952, Bolivar, Venezuela.

DISTRIBUTION.—Frequent in riverine forest from south-central to southeastern Venezuela to Guyana and adjacent northern Brazil, at 110 to 1000 m elevation. Flowering and fruiting more or less simultaneously throughout the year.

VENEZUELA. Bolivar: Río Auacapa, 22 Aug 1954, Bernardi 1536 (NY); between El Dorado and km 88, 9 Sept 1966, Blanco 598 (NY, US); Río Tonoro, Alto Río Paragua, 2–15 Aug 1943, Cardona 818 (F, NY, US); MOUTH OF Río Carapo, alto Río Paragua, 5 Sept 1943, Cardona 985 (US); Río Ikabarú, Oct 1947, Cardona 2158 (US); Río Paragua, Guaiquinima, 14–15 Apr 1943, Killip 37477 (US); Río Cuyuni, 10–15 km below Cerro Escalera, 17 Aug 1962, Maguire et al 46734 (NY, US); Río Tiricá, lower slopes of Chimantá-tepui (Torono-tepui) 1000 m elev., 24 May 1953, Steyermark 75537 (NY); Río Caroní between mouth of Río Aparuren & Uriman, alt. 400 m, Steyermark 76074 (NY); 3–4 km SE of “Los Patos,” 30 km S of El Manteco, 9 Aug 1960, Steyermark 87075 (NY); Sierra Ichun, along Río Ichun, 29 Dec 1961, Steyermark 90416 (US) and 30 Dec 1961, 90458 (NY, US); Río Paramichi, between mouth of Río Paramichi & Salto de Halimano, 8–9 Jan 1962, Steyermark 90724 (NY, US). GUYANA: Demerara R., March 1898, Jenman 7305 (K); Membaru-Kurupung Trail, 2 Nov 1951, Maguire & Fanshawe 32435 (NY). BRAZIL. Terr. do Roraima: vicinity of Uaica airstrip, Río Uraricoeira, 7 March 1971, Prance et al 10871 (K, NY, U, US).

LOCAL NAMES AND USES.—Concha de suela (Blanco 598); opai-yek (Maguire 46734).

Eperua jenmanii Oliver

Eperua jenmanii Oliver, Hooker’s Icones 20:1955, 1891.

E. stipulata Kleinhoonte, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 30:171, 1933 [identity questionable since type is sterile, probably juvenile foliage].

Medium to large tree 10–35 m tall, the trunk 15–70 cm in diameter, the branchlets glabrous, nitid; stipules glabrous, rigid-foliaceous, free from each other or united laterally near their base, 3–25 mm long, 1.5–14 mm wide, lanceolate to ovate, falcate, acute to acuminate or rounded; petioles (8−) 14–23 (−45) mm long, glabrous, the rachis (4.5−)8–15 (−21) cm long, glabrous; leaflets 3- to 5-jugate, sometimes the upper ones bijugate, the petiolules 4–7 (−12) mm long, glabrous or sparsely micropuberulous, the blades pellucid-punctate or epunctate, plane to narrowly revolute, coriaceous, sometimes thinly so, 6–13 (−18) cm long, 3–8 cm wide, the basal pair ovate to lanceolate, the other pairs elliptic, the base rounded-obtuse, frequently cordulate, the apex acuminate to long-acuminate, mucronate, the blades glabrous or micropuberulous on the upper surface at the base, the venation prominulous; inflorescence a simple axillary or terminal raceme, rarely with a few racemose branches, the axes 2–6 cm long, glabrous or micropuberulous, the bracts persistent, 2–5 mm long, 3–6 mm wide, broadly ovate or oval, glabrous or minutely puberulous externally, glabrous within, often ciliolate, the bracteoles persistent, 3–7 mm long, 3–7 mm wide, broadly ovate or oval, clasping the upper part of the pedicel and base of the hypanthium, glabrous or minutely puberulous externally, often ciliolate, arising on the pedicels near their base or up to their middle; pedicels 4.5–10 mm long, sparingly micropuberulous, the hypanthium inequilaterally cupular, 2–3.5 mm long, 5–7 mm in diameter, glabrous or micropuberulous sparingly on the outer surfaces; sepals 13–28 mm long, 5–12 mm wide, narrowly oblong-elliptic to elliptic, elliptic-oblong or oblong, glabrous or micropuberulous externally, the dorsal one broader, concave; petal dark lavender to orchid-purple with darker purple and white markings, basally white, 5–10 cm long, 4–8.5 cm wide, broadly obovate, glabrous, the petalodia 2–10 mm long, linear, oblong or triangular-lanceolate; stamens white, 4–8 apparently fertile (the anthers oblong-oval, larger), the filaments of all ten stamens joined basally in an inequilateral pilosulose tube 5–13.5 mm long on the shorter side, 8–18 mm long on the longer, the dorsal free stamen 32–35 mm long, the others 18–65 mm long, most of filaments pilosulose basally, glabrous above, the anthers oval, apiculate, 2–4.5 mm long, 1–2.5 mm wide, glabrous; gynoecium glabrous, the stigma obtuse to capitellate, the style white, 39–54 mm long, the ovary 56.5 (−10) mm long, 3–3.5 (−5) mm wide, obovate, the gynophore 6–11 mm long; fruits flat, woody, oblong to broadly oval, 13–22 cm long, 7–13 cm wide, the dorsal margin incrassate, the seeds oval, 3.5–5.5 cm long, 2–5 cm wide, pale brown or nitid-red-brown.