Sometimes kept as scavengers in salt water aquaria. The yellowline arrow crab eats many of the smaller particles that might be found in an aquarium. Territorial behavior usually prevents more than one crab from flourishing in a tank. They work well with other species, but not usually with their own.
None reported
None reported
The yellowline arrow crab is mainly a nocturnal scavenger, but is also occasionally carnivorous, preying on small feather duster worms and other tiny animals of the coral reefs (Snyderman and Wiseman 1996, and Hauter 2000).
Atlantic Ocean: Stenorhynchus seticornis, more commonly known as the yellowline arrow crab, is most commonly found along the coral reefs of the Caribbean, in the Atlantic Ocean. In North America, this area includes the coral reefs that run along Florida and Texas.
Biogeographic Regions: atlantic ocean (Native )
The yellowline arrow crab lives on coral reefs between depths of 10 and 30 feet (Humann 1992).
Aquatic Biomes: reef
The yellowline arrow crab, on average, is 3 to 6 centimeters in length.
What makes the yellowline arrow crabs unusual is their long, spider-like legs, and and extremely pointed head. The eight legs are extremely long, more than three times the length of their body, and resemble the legs of a daddy long-legs spider. The entire body of the yellowline arrow crab is a medium golden brown in color. Along the dorsal side of the crab's body are stripes that are white, brown, or gold depending on the individual crab. The tips of their legs are a deep violet in color. As crabs grow, they occasionally shed their exoskeleton. The new skin hardens with calcium carbonate, obtained from sea water and by ingesting the old shell (Humann 1992, and Snyderman and Wiseman 1996).
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; bilateral symmetry
During mating, a male yellowline arrow crab holds the female against his belly to deposit a sperm packet into the female crab. A female yellowline arrow crab then carries her eggs under her abdomen until they are ready to hatch. The young crabs that emerge are called zoea. They are called zoea only during the larval stage of growth. During this time the zoea are transparent, have a rounded body, and swim towards the surface of the sea They live in open water, feeding on small plankton. The zoea grows and molts the old skin by replacing it with the new skin. Eventually the larval crab emerges from the molt in a new stage, called a megalops. During this stage of growth the body and limbs finally start to look more crab-like in form, though the abdomen has still not folded up. The yellowline arrow crab will continue to shed, replacing their exoskeleton, and will eventually grow to look like any other adult yellowline arrow crab. The reproduction cycle can then begin again (Olhausen and Russo 1981, and Anonymous 2000).
Stenorhynchus seticornis, the yellowline arrow crab or simply arrow crab, is a species of marine crab.
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The body of S. seticornis is triangular, and the rostrum is drawn out into a long point with serrate edges.[1] The legs are also long and thin, up to 10 cm (3.9 in) across,[2] and the animal's carapace may be up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long.[3] Colouration is variable in this species; the body may be golden, yellow or cream, marked with brown, black or iridescent-blue lines; the legs are reddish or yellow, and the claws are blue or violet.[3] This species presents as diagnostic features: triangular body with long pointed snout (rostrum), carapace decorated with fine dark lines and claws often have violet tips. S. seticornis is most commonly associated with anemones, in groups ranging from one to six individuals in south-eastern Brazil.[4]
Stenorhynchus seticornis is commonly found in the shallow sub-tidal on rock bottoms, corals, calcareous algae, and also on soft sediments, such as shelly gravel and sand. Its geographical distribution is restricted to the Occidental Atlantic, from North Carolina to Argentina.[5] Stenorhynchus seticornis is found in the western Atlantic Ocean, from North Carolina and Bermuda to Brazil, including throughout the Caribbean Sea,.[3] It lives on coral reefs at depths of 10–30 feet (3.0–9.1 m).[6]
S. seticornis is nocturnal and territorial.[7] It eats small feather duster worms and other coral reef invertebrates.[7] This crab is commonly kept in reef aquariums to control bristle worm populations.[8]
S. seticornis is one of a number of different invertebrates that are found living in association with the sea anemone, Lebrunia danae. It is often found among the anemone's pseudotentacles along with Pederson's cleaning shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni) and the spotted cleaner shrimp (Periclimenes yucatanicus).[9]
S. seticornis have displayed notable negative phototaxis, meaning the organism prefers to avoid sunlight.[10] This species changes location during the day and nighttime.[10]
S. seticornis is also notable for its propensity to decorate its body by attaching materials as camouflage, or if the attached organisms are noxious, to ward off predators through aposematism.[11][12]
There is a considerable number of reports on cleaning symbiosis among reef fish, moray eels, and squirrelfish.[4] This is a somewhat unexpected relationship as moray eels and squirrelfish can be considered dangerous clients, because crabs are important elements of their diets.[4] This behavior has only been observed in the natural environment in Brazilian waters but it is believed that this behavior also exists throughout its distribution.[4]
During mating, the male places a spermatophore on the female, which she uses to fertilise her eggs. These fertilised eggs are then carried on the female's pleopods until they are ready to hatch into zoea larvae.[7] These swim towards the ocean surface and feed on plankton. They grow through a series of moults, and eventually metamorphose into the adult form.[7] When mature, the spermatozoa of S. seticornis show five lateral arms, similar to the sperm morphology of Inachus phalangium.[13]
Climate majorly regulates the breeding period of the arrow crab. Seasonal variation of water temperature and sunlight duration are considered as the most important variables determining the breeding period of arrow crabs.[14]
There is a positive relationship between fecundity and the size of the parental female.[5] In fact, the size of the female is the key variable in determining the number of eggs per batch. The female also determines the reproductive output of arrow crabs.[15]
Larvae that have grown in shallow water differ from larvae that grow in deeper water. The key difference is in the setation of the endopodite of the maxilla.[16]
Stenorhynchus seticornis was first described by Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst in 1788, under the name Cancer seticornis. It was also described as "Cancer sagittarius" by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1793, a name which is now a junior synonym of S. seticornis.[17] Pierre André Latreille erected the genus Stenorhynchus (originally mis-spelt Stenorynchus) in 1818,[17] and S. seticornis was confirmed as the type species by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in 1966.[18]
Stenorhynchus seticornis, the yellowline arrow crab or simply arrow crab, is a species of marine crab.
