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Image of Eucidaris Pomel 1883
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Slate Pencil Urchin

Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck 1816)

Distribution

provided by Echinoderms of Panama

In Panama this species is common under rocks and wedged within branching coral heads on Caribbean reefs. It has been collected from Portobelo (USNM E 11403), Galeta Island (USNM E 25672), Sail Rock, Colon (USNM E 18743),Margarita Island, Fort Randolph (USNM E 18754), Devils Beach, Fort Sherman (USNM E 30803), near the mouth of the Piedras River (USNM E 18696), Fox Bay, Colon (USNM E 4801), Miria Island, San Blas (USNM E 18754), Pico Feo Island, San Blas (USNM E 18776), and Corgetupo Island, San Blas (USNM E 18802), Caribbean Sea.

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References and links

provided by Echinoderms of Panama

Mortensen T. (1928b): A monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol.1 Cidaroidea. C.A. Reitzel, Copenhagen: 1-551, pages: 400-408.

The Echinoid Directory

World Echinoidea Database

LSID urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:396741
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Synonymised taxa

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Cidaris (Gymnocidaris) tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) (transferred to Eucidaris)
Cidaris annulata Gray, 1855 (subjective junior synonym)
Cidaris minor Koehler, 1908 (subjective junior synonym)
Cidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) (transferred to Eucidaris)
Cidarites tribuloides Lamarck, 1816 (transferred to Eucidaris)

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Brief Summary

provided by EOL authors
The slate pencil urchin, Eucidaris tribuloides, is a cidaroid sea urchin that inhabits littoral regions of the Atlantic Ocean. As a member of the basal echinoid order Cidaroida, its morphological, developmental and molecular genetic characteristics make it a phylogenetically interesting species.

Comprehensive Description

provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck)

Cidarites tribuloides Lamarck, 1816:56. [For a synonymy, see Mortensen, 1928:400. The biology of this species has been described by McPherson, 1968.]

This echinoid lives both on the reef and in the lagoon. It lives in crevices in the coral in the following zones: reef crest, sand and rubble, patch reef, rubble and pavement, buttress, and spur and groove. It is not common in any of these environments. It occurs in great numbers in the lagoon, particularly east of Water Cay Range in Thalassia beds where the grass is especially luxurious and the water depth is between 5 and 7 meters. Here the echinoid feeds on sponges and Thalassia and has a density of approximately one specimen per square meter. This distribution is not regular—commonly several specimens occur close together eating the same sponge.
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bibliographic citation
Kier, Porter M. 1975. "The echinoids of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-45. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.206

Comprehensive Description

provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck)

Eucidaris tribuloides.—For a complete synonymy and additional description see Mortensen, 1928, p. 400.

The test of Eucidaris tribuloides is moderately flattened above and below (Plate 17: figure 5). There is a moderate incurving of the basicoronal plates at the edge of the peristome. The test at the ambitus is commonly circular, but numerous specimens are subpentagonal and a small percentage pentagonal. The radius in the pentagonal specimens is greatest in the interambulacral midzone and shortest in the ambulacra. The flattening of the test above and below is relatively more prominent on small specimens than on large ones of 50 mm or more. The apical system is commonly slightly larger than one-third of the horizontal diameter of the test and approximately the same size as the peristome. On small to medium-size specimens the apical system may be noticeably smaller than the peristome. The madreporite is commonly enlarged and prominent on denuded specimens.

The ambulacra are only slightly sinuate (Plate 17: figures 4, 5). Marginal tubercles are prominent, the bosses on some specimens contiguous and transversely oval, arranged in uniform series. Inner tubercles crowd the interporiferous zone and the crowding exists regardless of the presence of one, two, or three inner tubercles per plate. Two inner tubercles per plate are the most common, but there is only a very slight tendency for the inner tubercles to form in series.

Interambulacral plates in the region of the ambitus are approximately twice as wide as high and have shallow small areoles. The tubercles of the scrobicular ring are noticeably more prominent than the extrascrobicular tubercles of the interambulacral midzone (Plate 17: figure 5). There is less difference in size between the scrobicular tubercles and the extrascrobicular tubercles bordering the ambulacra (Plate 17: figures 4, 5). In the interambulacral midzone the extrascrobicular tubercles are in somewhat horizontal rows separated by furrows. The large number of primary tubercles in vertical series is an important diagnostic feature (Plate 17: figure 5). A specimen 35 mm in diameter commonly has 9 to 10 primary tubercles in a vertical series.

The primary spines are short, from about half the horizontal diameter of the test to only slightly larger than the horizontal diameter (Plate 16: figures 2–4). They are fairly stout, either cylindrical or noticeably tapered. The tip of the spine (Plate 17: figure 1) has a crown formed by lamellae, each of which is at the tip end of a row of warts (Plate 17: figures 1, 2). At the center of the crown is a small prominence. Except when very small, specimens lack pointed spinules. The shaft of each spine is covered by a dense spongy covering of anastomosing hairs. The extent of development of this covering varies between individuals. Under water those with a very dense covering appear to have a coat of fur (Plate 17: figure 3). The neck of the primary spines is very short and very difficult to observe on nondenuded specimens. Oral primaries are oval in transverse outline, only slightly different from transitional and ambital primaries. The scrobicular spines are broad, straight sided. The tips are very blunt and concave, almost shovellike on some specimens (Plate 16: figure 1).

The large globiferous pedicellariae lack an end tooth and are similar to the kind shown in Figure 4.

The specimens are brown, commonly darkest at the collar and tips of the marginal and scrobicular spines. The brown pigment of the primary spines is commonly obscured by the gray or white covering of anastomosing hairs. The denuded test is olive; the areoles white or almost so.

Eucidaris tribuloides is usually found in fairly shallow water, but its depth range extends into the upper limits of the distribution of Stylocidaris affinis. The two species are commonly collected at the same station, especially off the west coast of Florida. Very small specimens of both species are strikingly similar but can be differentiated by the following features.

Both species have light and dark banding of the primary spines with well-developed thorns. Close examination of the dark bands of E. tribuloides will reveal that some of the thorns have already developed into typical warts (Plate 18: figure 3). Observe the dark bands nearest the base of the spines as this is where the first warts appear. As the individual grows, wart development progresses more rapidly in the dark bands than the light ones, and a stage is reached where the thoms remain only in the light bands (Plate 18: figures 1–3). These also change to warts and the color banding usually leaves. The crownlike tip develops on at least one primary spine even on extremely small individuals of E. tribuloides (Plate 18: figures 1–3). One or two very broad tipped large scrobicular spines will be present even on the very small specimens (Plate 18: figure 2).

The thoms on the primary spines of S. affinis remain and, as the spines grow, simply become the spinules. The scrobicular spines of even the smallest specimens of S. affinis have the prominent reddish midline stripe (Plate 18: figure 5).

DISTRIBUTION.—West Indies, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda. Littoral to 450 meters.
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bibliographic citation
Phelan, Thomas Francis. 1970. "A field guide to the Cidaroid echinoids of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-67. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.40

Eucidaris tribuloides

provided by wikipedia EN

Eucidaris tribuloides, the slate pencil urchin, is a species of cidaroid sea urchins that inhabits littoral regions of the Atlantic Ocean. As a member of the basal echinoid order Cidaroida, its morphological, developmental and molecular genetic characteristics make it a phylogenetically interesting species.[2]

A specimen at the National Aquarium in Baltimore.

Taxonomy

Eucidaris tribuloides was first described and classified by Jean Baptiste Lamarck in 1816 as Cidarites tribuloides.[3]

Lamarck's original description of Cidarites tribuloides (Eucidaris tribuloides), ca. 1816.
A specimen dried for preservation.

The modern classification stems from the echinoid treatises by Pomel in 1883[4] and by Döderlein in 1887.[5]

Distribution and habitat

The slate pencil urchin can be found on both sides of the Atlantic, and throughout the Caribbean.[6] On the western side of the Atlantic, the slate pencil urchin has been found as far north as Cape Hatteras, North Carolina,[7] and as far south as Rio de Janeiro.[8] In the Gulf of Mexico, populations have been reported at Alacran Reef, Campeche Bank.[9] On the eastern side of the Atlantic, a closely related sub-species, Eucidaris tribuloides var. africana, has been reported at Cape Verde Islands, in the Gulf of Guinea, and at the Azores and Ascension Islands.[10]

E. tribuloides has become an invasive species in some parts of the world including Maltese waters where it has been since 1998. This was the first record in the Mediterranean and is thought to have been brought there in ballast water.[11]

McPherson[6] described E. tribuloides as a "sluggish echinoid" that leads a nocturnal, benthic existence. During daylight hours, the slate pencil urchin uses its large primary spines to anchor itself under or atop rocks or to lodge itself in crevices. Individuals rarely stray far from their locality.[6] At night, they will feed primarily on corals and sponges, among other things.[12]

Biology

When its development is contrasted to the cidaroid sister subclass Euechinoidea, E. tribuloides becomes a very interesting organism from the standpoint of developmental and evolutionary biology. In euechinoid embryonic development, e.g. in the purple sea urchin, the micromeres comprise a set of four small cells that reside at the base of the vegetal plate. They are a "precociously invaginating lineage", meaning that they move into the blastocoel just prior to gastrulation; these four cells then eventually give rise to the larval skeleton.[13][14][15] Similarly, E. tribuloides also possesses a larval skeleton that arises from a special lineage of cells. In contrast, however, the number and size of its micromeres can vary (from one to three), and they do not precociously invaginate; rather, they ingress during gastrulation and bud off from the tip of the growing archenteron.[2][16] Although there are numerous molecular differences between the "spicule-forming cells" of E. tribuloides and the primary mesencyhme cells of euechinoids, these two cell lineages are thought to be homologous and have been contrasted in developmental evolution research.[17][18][19]

Reproduction

Reproduction in E. tribuloides seems to be sensitive to seasonal cycles, solar cycles, and the lunar cycle. In the Florida Keys, E. tribuloides was found to obtain peak gravidity in the late summer and early fall.[6] Populations in Panama, however, were found to be gravid in the spring, summer and fall, with peak gravidity occurring around the full moon.[20]

References

  1. ^ Kroh, Andreas (2012). "Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2013-03-21.
  2. ^ a b Schroeder, TE (1981). "Development of a 'primitive' sea urchin (Eucidaris tribuloides): irregularities in the hyaline layer, micromeres, and primary mesenchyme". Biological Bulletin. 161 (1): 141–151. doi:10.2307/1541114. JSTOR 1541114.
  3. ^ Lamarck J (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, Tome 3. p. 56.
  4. ^ Pomel NA (1883). Classification methodique et genera des echinides vivants et fossiles. p. 103.
  5. ^ Döderlein LHP (1887). Die japanischen Seeigel, I. Familie Cidaridae und Saleniidae. Stuttgart. p. 42.
  6. ^ a b c d McPherson, BF (1968). "Contributions to the biology of the sea urchin Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck)". Bulletin of Marine Science. 18: 400–443.
  7. ^ Cerame-Vivas, MJ; Gray IE (1966). "The distributional pattern of benthic invertebrates of the continental shelf off North Carolina". Ecology. 47 (2): 260–270. doi:10.2307/1933773. JSTOR 1933773.
  8. ^ Bernasconi I (1955). "Equinoideos y asteroideos de la coleccion del Instituto Oceanografico de la Universidad de San Pablo". Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico. 6 (1–2): 51–77. doi:10.1590/s0373-55241955000100002.
  9. ^ Kornicker LS, Bonet F, Cann R, Hoskin CM (1959). "Alacran Reef, Campeche Bank, Mexico". Publications of the Institute of Marine Science. 6: 1–22.
  10. ^ Mortensen, T (1928). A monograph of the Echinoidea 1, Cidaroides. Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzel. p. 551.
  11. ^ Sciberras, M.; Schembri, P.J. (2007). "A critical review of records of alien marine species from the Maltese Islands and surrounding waters (Central Mediterranean)". Mediterranean Marine Science. 8 (1): 41–66. doi:10.12681/mms.162.
  12. ^ Santos CP, Coutinho AB, Hajdu E (2002). "Spongivory by Eucidaris tribuloides from Salvador, Bahia (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 82 (2): 295–297. doi:10.1017/S0025315402005477. S2CID 85223892.
  13. ^ Boveri, T (1901a). "Die Polarität der Oocyte, Ei und Larve von Strongylocentrotus lividus". Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere. 14: 630.
  14. ^ Boveri, T (1901b). "Über die polarität des Seeigel-Eies". Verhandlungen der Physikalisch-medizinische Gesellschaft zu Würzburg. 34: 145.
  15. ^ Hörstadius, S (1935). "Über die determination im Verlaufe der Eiacse bei Seeigeln". Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli. 14: 251.
  16. ^ Tennent, DH (1914). "The early influence of the spermatozoan upon the characters of echinoid larvae". Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication. 182: 129–138.
  17. ^ Wray GA, McClay DR (1988). "The origin of spicule-forming cells in a "primitive" sea urchin (Eucidaris tribuloides) which appears to lack primary mesenchyme cells". Development. 103 (2): 305–315. doi:10.1242/dev.103.2.305. PMID 3066611.
  18. ^ Erkenbrack EM, Davidson EH (2015). "Evolutionary rewiring of gene regulatory network linkages at divergence of the echinoid subclasses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (30): E4075–E4084. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E4075E. doi:10.1073/pnas.1509845112. PMC 4522742. PMID 26170318.
  19. ^ Erkenbrack EM; et al. (2016). "Ancestral state reconstruction by comparative analysis of a GRN kernel operating in echinoderms". Development Genes and Evolution. 226 (1): 37–45. doi:10.1007/s00427-015-0527-y. PMID 26781941. S2CID 6067524.
  20. ^ Lessios H (1991). "Presence and absence of monthly reproductive rhythms among eight Caribbean echinoids off the coast of Panama". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 153: 27–47. doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(05)80004-8.
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Eucidaris tribuloides: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Eucidaris tribuloides, the slate pencil urchin, is a species of cidaroid sea urchins that inhabits littoral regions of the Atlantic Ocean. As a member of the basal echinoid order Cidaroida, its morphological, developmental and molecular genetic characteristics make it a phylogenetically interesting species.

A specimen at the National Aquarium in Baltimore.
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Eucidaris tribuloides ( French )

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oursin-lance antillais, oursin-crayon gris

L’'oursin-lance antillais ou oursin-crayon gris (Eucidaris tribuloides) est une espèce d'oursin de la famille des Cidaridés vivant dans les Caraïbes.

Description

C'est un oursin régulier sphérique. La coquille (appelée « test ») peut mesurer jusqu'à 6 cm de diamètre, autour de laquelle rayonnent des piquants (appelées « radioles ») robustes[1]. Le genre est aisément reconnaissable à ses grosses radioles primaires : celles-ci sont alignées en cinq doubles rangées verticales, très épaisses, parfois annelées de couleur plus claire et montées sur de gros mamelons. Ces radioles primaires servent surtout à la défense et au camouflage, et sont épaisses mais peu nombreuses (l'oursin peut les régénérer si nécessaire[1]) ; elles sont tronquées à leur pointe (leur section forme un petit soleil) et généralement recouvertes d'épibiontes (algues, corallinales...), car contrairement à la plupart des oursins le squelette de calcite y est à nu, sans épithélium. Le test et la base des radioles primaires sont protégés par un second type de radioles beaucoup plus petites et plates, le plus souvent blanc sale à bords brun-orangé et formant des sortes de gouttières le long des aires ambulacraires. Au sommet du test, le système apical très large et orange pâle est composé d'une plaque centrale (le périprocte, qui contient l'anus) et de cinq plaques terminales disposées en étoile grossière (une plaque madréporitique et quatre plaques génitales)[1].

Cet oursin ressemble beaucoup à son cousin du Pacifique, Eucidaris thouarsii, ainsi qu'à son voisin Stylocidaris affinis.

Habitat et répartition

On trouve l'oursin-lance dans tout l'Atlantique Ouest tropical, du nord du Brésil à la Caroline du Sud et dans toutes les Caraïbes. La sous-espèce Eucidaris tribuloides africana peuple quant à elle certaines zones d'Afrique de l'Ouest, notamment dans le golfe de Guinée et au Cap-Vert.
Il se rencontre dans les écosystèmes coralliens, que ce soit sur les récifs, les fonds rocheux ou les herbiers. Il peut vivre de la surface à plus de 600 m de fond[1].

Écologie et comportement

Crépusculaire et nocturne, cet oursin vit le jour enfoui dans une cavité, à l'abri des prédateurs. Il en sort de la nuit pour se nourrir, en broutant le substrat avec son puissant appareil masticateur (appelé « lanterne d'Aristote »). Omnivore et détritivore, il broute principalement des algues mais ne néglige pas un régime carné à base de charognes et d'animaux sessiles comme des éponges, des cnidaires ou même des mollusques[1].

La reproduction est gonochorique, et mâles et femelles relâchent leurs gamètes en même temps en pleine eau, où œufs puis larves vont évoluer parmi le plancton pendant quelques semaines avant de se fixer[1].

L’oursin-lance antillais et l'Homme

Contrairement à la plupart de ses congénères, cet oursin ne présente pas de danger pour l'homme vu que ses piquants ne sont pas pointus. Par ailleurs, ses mœurs cryptiques et ses couleurs vives limitent les risques de marcher dessus par inadvertance. Il n'est d'aucune valeur commerciale, et ne semble consommé dans aucun pays de son aire de répartition[1].

Origine du nom

Son nom français lui vient de la forme de ses radioles, qui rappelle celle d'une lance, et de son aire de répartition (il est courant aux Antilles). On l'appelle aussi parfois « oursin-crayon gris », pour le distinguer d'avec l'oursin-crayon Heterocentrotus mammillatus.
Son nom scientifique vient tout d'abord du grec pour le nom du genre : eu - kidaris signifie « vraie couronne » (le terme cidaris désignait la couronne des rois perses, le préfixe étant surtout un diacritique pour la taxonomie). Le nom d'espèce vient pour sa part du latin tribulus, qui désigne un fruit épineux, la Mâcre nageante[1].
Dans les autres langues, il est appelé « Slate pencil urchin », « mine urchin » ou « club urchin » en anglais, « Erizo de palitos » ou « erizo de clavos » en espagnol, et « Griffel-Seeigel » ou « Lanzenseeigel » en allemand.

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

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Eucidaris tribuloides: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

oursin-lance antillais, oursin-crayon gris

L’'oursin-lance antillais ou oursin-crayon gris (Eucidaris tribuloides) est une espèce d'oursin de la famille des Cidaridés vivant dans les Caraïbes.

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Eucidaris tribuloides ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

Eucidaris tribuloides is een zee-egel uit de familie Cidaridae.

De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1816 gepubliceerd door Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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石筆海膽 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Eucidaris tribuloides
(Lamarck, 1816)

石筆海膽學名Eucidaris tribuloides)是一種頭帕科海膽。其型態、發育及分子遺傳特徵都令它們成為一種有趣的物種[1]

分類

石筆海膽最初是由讓-巴普蒂斯特·拉馬克(Jean Baptiste Lamarck)所命名。[2]

分佈及棲息地

石筆海膽分佈大西洋兩岸,由西邊的美國巴西至東邊的毛里塔尼亞加蓬,位於大西洋洋中脊及整個加勒比海[3]在大西洋西邊,它們分佈北至哈特拉斯角(Cape Hatteras)[4]及南至里約熱內盧[5]它們也有分佈在墨西哥灣阿拉克蘭礁(Alacran Reef)。[6]在大西洋東邊的佛得角幾內亞灣亞速爾群島阿森松島有石筆海膽變種Eucidaris tribuloides var. africana出沒。[7]

石筆海膽是夜間活動及底棲的。[3]在日間,它們會用其大刺將自己牢牢的掛在石上或石縫間。它們很少會遠離自己的地方。[3]夜間,它們主要吃珊瑚海綿[8]

台灣南部珊瑚礁海岸偶可發現的石筆海膽,正處於瀕臨絕種危機。[9]

繁殖

石筆海膽的繁殖對於季節轉變及月相都十分敏感。在佛羅里達礁島群,它們於夏末及初冬的繁殖率最高。[3]巴拿馬的群落則會於春天夏天冬天進行繁殖,約於滿月的時份達至最高峰。[10]

參考

  1. ^ Schroeder, TE. Development of a 'primitive' sea urchin (Eucidaris tribuloides): irregularities in the hyaline layer, micromeres, and primary mesenchyme. Biol. Bull. (Marine Biological Laboratory). 1981, 161 (1): 141–51. doi:10.2307/1541114.
  2. ^ Lamarck J. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, Tome 3. 1816: 56.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 McPherson, BF. Contributions to the biology of the sea urchin Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck). Bulletin of Marine Science. 1968, 18: 400–43.
  4. ^ Cerame-Vivas, MJ and Gray IE. The distributional pattern of benthic invertebrates of the continental shelf off North Carolina. Ecology (Ecological Society of America). 1966, 47 (2): 260–70. doi:10.2307/1933773.
  5. ^ Bernasconi I. Equinoideos y asteroideos de la coleccion del Instituto Oceanografico de la Universidad de San Pablo. Bolm Inst. Oceanogr., S. Paulo. 1955, 6: 51–77.
  6. ^ Kornicker, LS, Bonet F, Cann R, and Hoskin CM. Alacran Reef, Campeche Bank, Mexico. Publs. Inst. Mar. Sci. 1959, 6: 1–22.
  7. ^ Mortensen, T. A monograph of the Echinoidea 1, Cidaroides. Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzel. 1928: 551.
  8. ^ Santos CP, Coutinho AB and Hajdu E. Spongivory by Eucidaris tribuloides from Salvador, Bahia (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 2002, 82: 295–7. doi:10.1017/S0025315402005477.
  9. ^ 順手牽膽 鉛筆海膽瀕危
  10. ^ Lessios H. Presence and absence of monthly reproductive rhythms among eight Caribbean echinoids off the coast of Panama. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1991, 153: 27–47. doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(05)80004-8.
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石筆海膽: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

石筆海膽(學名Eucidaris tribuloides)是一種頭帕科海膽。其型態、發育及分子遺傳特徵都令它們成為一種有趣的物種

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Habitat

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Known from seamounts and knolls

Reference

Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication.

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