Gymnothorax miliaris, the goldentail moray, bastard eel,[1] or conger moray, is a species of marine fish in the family Muraenidae.[2]
Description
The goldentail moray is a medium-sized fish that can reach a maximum length of 70 cm, but the ones usually observed are rather average 40 cm in length.[3][4] Its serpentine in shape body has a brown light or dark background color dotted with small yellow spots. These later are smaller on the head and larger at the tail. The snout and the tail are yellowish. The inside of their mouth is white.
A color morph of the eel, frequently called the "Banana Eel",[5] is mostly yellow with large spots instead of many small spots.
Distribution and habitat
The goldentail moray is widespread throughout the western Atlantic Ocean, including the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, so it is present from Florida, Bermudas until southeast Brazil.[6][7][8] Its presence was also reported in the islands from the center of the Atlantic Ocean like Saint Helena and Ascension but also close to the African coast in the Cape Verde Islands.[6][3]
It typically lives on rocky and coral reef slopes between the surface and 35 meters (115.5 feet) in depth with a maximum reported at 60 meters (198 feet).[9][10]
Biology
The goldentail moray is a solitary carnivorous fish, it leaves its lair at night to actively hunt its prey along the reef but it has also been observed hunting during daytime. It feeds mainly on small invertebrates like crustaceans and mollusks, rarely on small fishes.
References
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^ a b Smith, D.G.; McCosker, J. (2015). "Gymnothorax miliaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T195756A2413354. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T195756A2413354.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
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^ Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, 1856). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 15 January 2019.
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^ a b Smith, D.G. and E.B. Böhlke, 1990. Muraenidae. p. 136-148. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1.
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^ Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD.
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^ "Banana Moray Eel – the Mandarin Garden".
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^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Gymnothorax miliaris" in FishBase. January 2019 version.
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^ Claro, R., 1994. Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo. DOI
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^ Carvalho-Filho, A., 1999. Peixes: costa Brasileira. 3ª edicão. Melro, São Paulo. 320 p.
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^ Smith, C.L., 1997. National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p.
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^ Gasparini, J.L. and S.R. Floeter, 2001. The shore fishes of Trindade Island, western South Atlantic. J. Nat. Hist. 35:1639-1656.
Media related to Gymnothorax miliaris at Wikimedia Commons
Media related to Gymnothorax miliaris at Wikimedia Commons 
