Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Body yellowish with broad blackish stripe on upper side; head and anterior part of body with small dark reddish spots (Ref. 5469).Color changes with growth as well as varies among adults (Ref. 37816). In Oceania, juveniles are a golden green dorsally and white ventrally; in continental areas juveniles may be red dorsally (Ref. 37816). The maroon and yellow phase was originally described as a distinct species, P. typee (Ref. 37816).Description: Characterized by having uppermost and lower seven pectoral rays unbranched; finely serrate posterior margin of preopercle; greatest depth of body 2.6-2.9 in SL (Ref. 90102).
- Recorder
- Cristina V. Garilao
Life Cycle
provided by Fishbase
Distinct pairing. Spawning ascents into the water column occurred over a distance of 1.0 to 2.5 m (Ref. 26305).
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 6
- Recorder
- Cristina V. Garilao
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154).
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Inhabits clear lagoon or seaward reefs to at least 33 m depth (Ref. 9710), but may venture very deep. Occurs openly on coral and soft-bottom habitats, occasionally in pairs (Ref. 48636). Benthic (Ref. 58302). Tends to perch on outermost branches of Stylophora, Pocillopora, and Acropora corals (Ref. 9710). Feeds mainly on small fishes and crustaceans, sometimes on shrimps and is territorial and haremic (Ref. 37816). Solitary on corals (Ref 90102). Marketed mostly fresh.
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: unknown; price reliability:
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
分布
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於印度-太平洋區，自紅海及東非洲到夏威夷、萊恩及馬貴斯群島，北到日本南部，南至澳洲及新加勒多尼亞，包括密克羅尼西亞群島。台灣東部及南部的岩礁或珊湖礁海域皆可見其蹤跡。
利用
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
一般以潛水方式捕捉。為觀賞魚類，無食用經濟價值。
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體延長而呈長橢圓形；頭背部近平直；體背略隆起，腹緣弧形。吻鈍。眼中大，近頭背緣。前鰓蓋骨後緣具強鋸齒；鰓蓋骨後緣具棘。上下頜齒呈帶狀，外列齒呈犬狀；鋤骨齒具齒，腭骨齒則無。體被圓鱗；眼眶間隔具鱗；吻部無鱗；頰部與主鰓蓋被鱗；側線鱗數45-49。背鰭單一，硬棘部及軟條部間具缺刻，硬棘部之鰭膜末端呈單一鬚狀，硬棘數X，軟條數11，第1軟條延長如絲；臀鰭硬棘數III，軟條數6；胸鰭最長之鰭條末端僅達腹鰭後緣；尾鰭弧形。體一致為淡紅褐色至暗褐色，腹部偏淡黃；沿後背側具一暗色寬縱帶；沿側帶下方另具乳黃色寬縱帶；頭部及體之前部散佈許多小紅褐色斑點。各鰭淡黃色。
棲地
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
主要棲息於潟湖向海的珊瑚礁區域。通常喜歡停棲於珊瑚枝頭上面、裡面或下面，伺機捕食獵物。以小型魚類為食，偶捕食蝦及螃蟹等甲殼類。
Blackside hawkfish
provided by wikipedia EN
The black-side hawkfish (Paracirrhites forsteri), freckled hawkfish or Forster's hawkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a hawkfish belonging to the family Cirrhitidae. It is from the Indo-Pacific. It is occasionally found in the aquarium trade and is also of minor importance to local commercial fisheries. It grows to a total length of 22 cm (9 in).
Taxonomy
The blackside hawkfish was first formally described in 1801 as Grammistes forsteri by the French naturalist Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider with the type locality given as Vaitahu on Tahuata Island in the Marquesas Islands.[3] The specific name honours the Polish-born German naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster, who was a naturalist aboard James Cook’s second voyage on HMS Resolution and who described this species as “Perca taeniatus” in an unpublished manuscript.[4]
Description
The blackside hawkfish reaches to a maximum total length of about 22 cm (9 in). The dorsal fin has ten spines and eleven soft rays, while the anal fin has three spines and six soft rays. There is considerable variation in the colouring both among adults and as a result of changes during growth. The main colour is usually yellowish but there is a broad black or dark brown lateral band, mainly on the rear half of the body. The sides of the head and the front of the body are whitish or grey, with red speckles. In Asia, juveniles may be reddish dorsally, while in Oceania they tend to have golden-green upper parts and white underparts.[5][6]
Distribution
The blackside hawkfish is native to the tropical and sub-tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. Its range extends from East Africa and the Red Sea to Japan, New Caledonia and Australasia.[6] In Australia its range extends from the northwest of Western Australia round the north of the country to the border of Queensland and New South Wales.[5] It is found on the seaward side of reefs and on soft-bottomed lagoons to depths of 30 m (100 ft) and more.[6]
Ecology
The black-sided hawkfish is an ambush predator; it usually lies in wait on a head of coral, propped up by its stiff pectoral fins, ready to dart out at passing crustaceans or small fish.[5] It is mainly a solitary fish, but may be seen in pairs or may form small harems with one dominant male and several females. Like other members of the family, it is a sequential hermaphrodite; adults start life as females but the largest female in a group changes sex to a male if that position is vacated.[7][8]
Gallery
Adult (black colouration)
Forsters Hawkfish juvenile at Papua New Guinea, 2013
Purple Forsters Hawkfish in Maui, Hawaii, 2020
References
-
^ Greenfield, D. & Williams, I. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Paracirrhites forsteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T67997879A115454368. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T67997879A68001726.en. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
-
^ a b Bailly, Nicolas (2015). "Paracirrhites forsteri (Schneider, 1801)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
-
^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Paracirrhites". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
-
^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (25 February 2021). "Order CENTRARCHIFORMES: Families CENTRARCHIDAE, ELASSOMATIDAE, ENOPLOSIDAE, SINIPERCIDAE, APLODACTYLIDAE, CHEILODACTYLIDAE, CHIRONEMIDAE, CIRRHITIDAE, LATRIDAE, PERCICHTHYIDAE, DICHISTIIDAE, GIRELLIDAE, KUHLIIDAE, KYPHOSIDAE, OPLEGNATHIDAE, TERAPONTIDAE, MICROCANTHIDAE and SCORPIDIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
-
^ a b c "Freckled Hawkfish, Paracirrhites forsteri (Schneider, 1801)". Australian Museum. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
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^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2013). "Paracirrhites forsteri" in FishBase. April 2013 version.
-
^ Vilcinskas, Andreas (2007). La vie sous-marine des tropiques. Vigot. p. 264. ISBN 978-2-7114-1903-6.
-
^ Ghisotti, Andrea (1997). Fish of the Maldives. Casa Editrice Bonechi. p. 86. ISBN 978-88-8029-657-7.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Blackside hawkfish: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The black-side hawkfish (Paracirrhites forsteri), freckled hawkfish or Forster's hawkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a hawkfish belonging to the family Cirrhitidae. It is from the Indo-Pacific. It is occasionally found in the aquarium trade and is also of minor importance to local commercial fisheries. It grows to a total length of 22 cm (9 in).
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Description
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Occurs on lagoon or seaward reefs from 1 to at least 33 m where it tends to perch on outermost branches of corals. Feeds mainly on small fishes, sometimes on shrimps. Marketed mostly fresh.
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).
- license
- cc-by-4.0
- copyright
- WoRMS Editorial Board
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