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Glycera dibranchiata

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Glycera dibranchiata, also known as one variant of bloodworm, are segmented, red marine worms that grow up to 14-inches in length and have unique copper teeth made up of a mixture of protein, melanin and 10% copper. This copper concentration is the highest among any animal.

These creatures live in tidal flats and hunt their prey by burrowing themselves several meters deep into the sand before attempting to ambush anything they are capable of swallowing.

The way these bloodworms grow their partially-metal teeth is through the transformation of a protein from the bottom of the sea into fangs. The amino acid, referred to as dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), is used to gather copper from the sea floor and then this copper is combined with a protein-rich liquid that is found in ocean water. Using the copper as a catalyst, the worm turns DOPA into melanin that combines with copper to create the creatures fangs.[1]

Glycera dibranchiata is considered a marine polychaete, and features a prosboscis equipped with four jaws.[2]

References

  1. ^ Ben Turner (2022-04-26). "Venomous bloodworms grow deadly copper fangs with totally metal trick". livescience.com. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  2. ^ "Study: Bloodworms Use Copper Harvested From Marine Sediments to Form Their Unique Jaws | Sci-News.com". Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
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Glycera dibranchiata: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Glycera dibranchiata, also known as one variant of bloodworm, are segmented, red marine worms that grow up to 14-inches in length and have unique copper teeth made up of a mixture of protein, melanin and 10% copper. This copper concentration is the highest among any animal.

These creatures live in tidal flats and hunt their prey by burrowing themselves several meters deep into the sand before attempting to ambush anything they are capable of swallowing.

The way these bloodworms grow their partially-metal teeth is through the transformation of a protein from the bottom of the sea into fangs. The amino acid, referred to as dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), is used to gather copper from the sea floor and then this copper is combined with a protein-rich liquid that is found in ocean water. Using the copper as a catalyst, the worm turns DOPA into melanin that combines with copper to create the creatures fangs.

Glycera dibranchiata is considered a marine polychaete, and features a prosboscis equipped with four jaws.

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Glycera dibranchiata ( French )

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Le ver américain, Glycera dibranchiata, est une espèce de vers polychètes marins de la famille des Glyceridae.

Description

Le corps est muni d'une trompe expulsable munie de quatre crochets pouvant engendrer des morsures douloureuses.

La dureté de sa mâchoire est en partie due à la présence du biominéral atacamite[1].

Répartition

On le trouve dans les zones intertidales et jusqu'à bathyales sur la côte est de l'Amérique du Nord et dans le golfe du Mexique.

Notes et références

  1. (en) Helga C. Lichtenegger, Thomas Schöberl, Michael H. Bartl, Herbert Waite et Galen D. Stucky, « High Abrasion Resistance with Sparse Mineralization: Copper Biomineral in Worm Jaws », Science, vol. 298, no 5 592,‎ 2002, p. 389-392 (DOI )

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Glycera dibranchiata: Brief Summary ( French )

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Le ver américain, Glycera dibranchiata, est une espèce de vers polychètes marins de la famille des Glyceridae.

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Glycera dibranchiata ( Italian )

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Glycera dibranchiata Ehlers, 1868,[1] comunemente noto col nome di verme americano, è un anellide policheto appartenente alla famiglia Glyceridae, diffuso in America Settentrionale e Centrale.[2]

Vive nei fondali sabbiosi e di norma ha una lunghezza di circa 10 cm, anche se non di rado può raggiungere il metro.

È abitualmente utilizzato come esca viva in pesca.

Note

  1. ^ Ernst Ehlers, Die Borstenwürmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach systematischen und anatomischen Untersuchungen dargestellt, Vol. II, Lipsia, Wilhelm Engelmann, 1868, xx, 269-748.
  2. ^ (EN) Fauchald, K. (2013), Glycera dibranchiata, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species).

Bibliografia

  • Bellan, G., Polychaeta, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification, in Collection Patrimoines Naturels, vol. 50, 2001, pp. 214-231.
  • Fauchald, K., The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera (PDF), in Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA) Science Series, vol. 28, 1977, pp. 1-188.

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Glycera dibranchiata: Brief Summary ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Glycera dibranchiata Ehlers, 1868, comunemente noto col nome di verme americano, è un anellide policheto appartenente alla famiglia Glyceridae, diffuso in America Settentrionale e Centrale.

Vive nei fondali sabbiosi e di norma ha una lunghezza di circa 10 cm, anche se non di rado può raggiungere il metro.

È abitualmente utilizzato come esca viva in pesca.

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Glycera dibranchiata ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Glycera dibranchiata is een borstelworm uit de familie Glyceridae. Het lichaam van de worm bestaat uit een kop, een cilindrisch, gesegmenteerd lichaam en een staartstukje. De kop bestaat uit een prostomium (gedeelte voor de mondopening) en een peristomium (gedeelte rond de mond) en draagt gepaarde aanhangsels (palpen, antennen en cirri).

Glycera dibranchiata werd in 1868 voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Ehlers.

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15-12-2011
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Glycera dibranchiata ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Первичноротые
Надтип: Спиральные
Подкласс: Errantia
Отряд: Phyllodocida
Семейство: Glyceridae
Род: Glycera
Вид: Glycera dibranchiata
Международное научное название

Glycera dibranchiata Ehlers, 1868

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ITIS 66107NCBI 6350EOL 479511

Glycera dibranchiata (лат.) — вид хищных морских червей семейства Glyceridae из группы полихет.

Описание

Червь кроваво-красного цвета длиной до 38 см. Он обитает в галечных отложениях и находит жертв по запаху. У G. dibranchiata имеется хоботок, в обычное время свёрнутый в пружину и распрямляющийся гидравлически — под напором жидкости. На конце хоботка расположены 4 чёрных зуба, которыми червяк цепляет жертву. Зубы содержат медьсодержащий минерал атакамит, скрепляющий белки зуба, и имеют канальца, по которым в тело жертвы впрыскивается яд. Неминерализованная медь и медьсодержащие минералы сосредоточены в верхней части зубов в виде волокон диаметром порядка 50 нанометров, находящихся в своего рода белковой матрице. Дело в том, что по мере увеличения меди прочность зубов возрастает настолько, что червь не рискует их случайно сломать. Помимо этого неминерализованная медь на поверхности зубных каналов, вероятно, служит в качестве катализатора, т. е. делает впрыскиваемое через них вещество токсичным, превращая его в яд.

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Glycera dibranchiata: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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Glycera dibranchiata (лат.) — вид хищных морских червей семейства Glyceridae из группы полихет.

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Distribution

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Gulf of St. Lawrence to Florida; Gulf of Mexico; central California to Lower California and Mexico

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Kennedy, Mary [email]

Habitat

provided by World Register of Marine Species
intertidal, infralittoral and bathyal of the Gulf and estuary

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Kennedy, Mary [email]