Kymachrysa

Figure 1.Two external features that characterize Kymachrysa adults. A, B Fore and hind wings with sinuate longitudinal veins between the first and second gradate series of crossveins C–F Terminal segments (dorsal) with Tergite 9+ectoproct separated dorsally C, D Female E, F Male A, C, E. Kymachrysa placita A, C Colorado, USNM E Type, Colorado, MCZ B, D, F Kymachrysa intacta B Neotype, Quebec, CNC D New York, TRC F New York, TRC [Males: gonarcal complex not removed]. Abbreviations: i.g. inner gradate veins o.g. outer gradate veins T8 eighth tergite T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct.

Figure 10.Kymachrysa intacta third instar (darkly marked). Note head markings, debris packet containing woody and dried plant material. (Photo: Stephen A. Marshall).

Figure 2.Kymachrysa male terminalia. A, B Abdominal segments 8 and 9 (lateral), with genitalia everted C, D Sternite 8+9 (ventral) E, F Genitalia (everted, dorsal) A, C, E Kymachrysa placita Type, Colorado, MCZ B, D, F Kymachrysa intacta, California, TRC. Abbreviations: c.c. callus cerci d.a. dorsal apodeme (on ninth tergite and ectoproct) gc gonocornu gps gonapsis g.b. gonarcal bridge med mediuncus m.s. membranous sac S8+9 fused eighth and ninth sternites T8 eighth tergite T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct v.a. ventral apodeme (on sternite 8+9).

Figure 3.Kymachrysa female terminalia. A, B Abdominal segments 7 and 9 (lateral) [Arrows delineate the praegenitale] C, D Praegenitale at distal margin of S7 (ventral) E–H Spermatheca A, C, F Kymachrysa placita A, F Colorado, USNM C New Mexico, USNM B, D, E, G, H Kymachrysa intacta B, D, E New York, TRC G Colorado, CPG H California, TRC. Abbreviations: c.c. callus cerci g.l. gonapophysis lateralis inv spermathecal invagination prae praegenitale sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp.d. spermathecal duct S7 seventh sternite tr.s. transverse sclerite T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct vel velum.

Figure 4.Kymachrysa placita external adult features. Note variation in darkness and size of head markings, prothoracic size and shape. A, B Head (dorsal) C, D Head (frontal) E Head, prothorax (lateral) F, G Head, prothorax, mesothorax (dorsal) H Head, thorax (lateral) [Background with small piece of abdomen visible]. A, C, E, F Wyoming, SDNHM; B, D, G, H Colorado, CPG.

Figure 5.Kymachrysa intacta external adult features. Note variation in the presence, darkness, and size of head and thoracic markings. A–C Head (dorsal) D, E Head (frontal) F Head, prothorax (lateral) G, H Head, prothorax, mesothorax (dorsal) I Thorax (dorsal) J Head, thorax (lateral) A, D, G, I, J California, TRC B, E, F, H Colorado, TRC; C New York, TRC.

Figure 8.A, B Integument of fifth abdominal sternite. A Kymachrysa placita, without microtholi [typical of Kymachrysa placita and some Kymachrysa intacta populations (see text)] B Kymachrysa intacta, with microtholi (typical of some populations). C, D Prothoracic tarsal claw. C Kymachrysa placita D Kymachrysa intacta. A Type, Colorado, MCZ; B California, TRC; C Wyoming, SDNHM; D Minnesota, CMNH.

Figure 6.Kymachrysa placita male abdomen. A Abdominal segments 3 to terminus (lateral), with genitalia everted B Gonarcal complex (dorsal) C Genitalia (everted–including gonapsis, lateral) D Gonapsis (ventral) E Hypandrium internum nestled within membrane [Gonapsis not in focus, shown for relative scale]. All Types, Colorado, MCZ Abbreviations: gc gonocornu gps gonapsis g.a. gonarcal apodeme g.b. gonarcal bridge g.c. gonarcal complex h.i. V-shaped hypandrium internum med mediuncus m.s. membranous sac S7 seventh sternite S8+9 fused eighth and ninth sternites Tx tergite, number T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct.

Figure 7.Kymachrysa intacta male abdomen. A Abdominal segments 4 to terminus (lateral), with genitalia everted B Gonarcal complex (dorsal) C Everted genitalia (dorsolateral), showing dorsal membranous sacs D Gonapsis (lateral), hypandrium internum (dorsal) E Gonapsis (ventral). A, D California, TRC B, E New York, TRC; C Colorado, CPG. Abbreviations: gc gonocornu gps gonapsis g.a. gonarcal apodeme g.b. gonarcal bridge g.c. gonarcal complex h.i. V-shaped hypandrium internum med mediuncus m.s. membranous sac Sx sternite, number S8+9 fused eighth and ninth sternites T8 eighth tergite T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct.

Figure 9.Larval characteristics that distinguish Kymachrysa from Chrysopodes. A, B Raised metathoracic posterior fold [Arrows indicate dark setal bases with distinctive anterior markings] C–F Setae on raised metathoracic fold [Note slender, curved structure, granular surface (Kymachrysa) vs robust, erect structure, thorny surface (Chrysopodes)] A, C, E Kymachrysa intacta (Californa, TRC) B, D, F Chrysopodes geayi (Rio de Janeiro, TRC).

Figure 4.Kymachrysa placita external adult features. Note variation in darkness and size of head markings, prothoracic size and shape. A, B Head (dorsal) C, D Head (frontal) E Head, prothorax (lateral) F, G Head, prothorax, mesothorax (dorsal) H Head, thorax (lateral) [Background with small piece of abdomen visible]. A, C, E, F Wyoming, SDNHM; B, D, G, H Colorado, CPG.

Figure 8.A, B Integument of fifth abdominal sternite. A Kymachrysa placita, without microtholi [typical of Kymachrysa placita and some Kymachrysa intacta populations (see text)] B Kymachrysa intacta, with microtholi (typical of some populations). C, D Prothoracic tarsal claw. C Kymachrysa placita D Kymachrysa intacta. A Type, Colorado, MCZ; B California, TRC; C Wyoming, SDNHM; D Minnesota, CMNH.

Figure 6.Kymachrysa placita male abdomen. A Abdominal segments 3 to terminus (lateral), with genitalia everted B Gonarcal complex (dorsal) C Genitalia (everted–including gonapsis, lateral) D Gonapsis (ventral) E Hypandrium internum nestled within membrane [Gonapsis not in focus, shown for relative scale]. All Types, Colorado, MCZ Abbreviations: gc gonocornu gps gonapsis g.a. gonarcal apodeme g.b. gonarcal bridge g.c. gonarcal complex h.i. V-shaped hypandrium internum med mediuncus m.s. membranous sac S7 seventh sternite S8+9 fused eighth and ninth sternites Tx tergite, number T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct.

Figure 3.Kymachrysa female terminalia. A, B Abdominal segments 7 and 9 (lateral) [Arrows delineate the praegenitale] C, D Praegenitale at distal margin of S7 (ventral) E–H Spermatheca A, C, F Kymachrysa placita A, F Colorado, USNM C New Mexico, USNM B, D, E, G, H Kymachrysa intacta B, D, E New York, TRC G Colorado, CPG H California, TRC. Abbreviations: c.c. callus cerci g.l. gonapophysis lateralis inv spermathecal invagination prae praegenitale sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp.d. spermathecal duct S7 seventh sternite tr.s. transverse sclerite T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct vel velum.

Figure 5.Kymachrysa intacta external adult features. Note variation in the presence, darkness, and size of head and thoracic markings. A–C Head (dorsal) D, E Head (frontal) F Head, prothorax (lateral) G, H Head, prothorax, mesothorax (dorsal) I Thorax (dorsal) J Head, thorax (lateral) A, D, G, I, J California, TRC B, E, F, H Colorado, TRC; C New York, TRC.

Figure 8.A, B Integument of fifth abdominal sternite. A Kymachrysa placita, without microtholi [typical of Kymachrysa placita and some Kymachrysa intacta populations (see text)] B Kymachrysa intacta, with microtholi (typical of some populations). C, D Prothoracic tarsal claw. C Kymachrysa placita D Kymachrysa intacta. A Type, Colorado, MCZ; B California, TRC; C Wyoming, SDNHM; D Minnesota, CMNH.

Figure 7.Kymachrysa intacta male abdomen. A Abdominal segments 4 to terminus (lateral), with genitalia everted B Gonarcal complex (dorsal) C Everted genitalia (dorsolateral), showing dorsal membranous sacs D Gonapsis (lateral), hypandrium internum (dorsal) E Gonapsis (ventral). A, D California, TRC B, E New York, TRC; C Colorado, CPG. Abbreviations: gc gonocornu gps gonapsis g.a. gonarcal apodeme g.b. gonarcal bridge g.c. gonarcal complex h.i. V-shaped hypandrium internum med mediuncus m.s. membranous sac Sx sternite, number S8+9 fused eighth and ninth sternites T8 eighth tergite T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct.

Figure 3.Kymachrysa female terminalia. A, B Abdominal segments 7 and 9 (lateral) [Arrows delineate the praegenitale] C, D Praegenitale at distal margin of S7 (ventral) E–H Spermatheca A, C, F Kymachrysa placita A, F Colorado, USNM C New Mexico, USNM B, D, E, G, H Kymachrysa intacta B, D, E New York, TRC G Colorado, CPG H California, TRC. Abbreviations: c.c. callus cerci g.l. gonapophysis lateralis inv spermathecal invagination prae praegenitale sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp.d. spermathecal duct S7 seventh sternite tr.s. transverse sclerite T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct vel velum.

Figure 11.Kymachrysa intacta third instar. A Head (dorsal) B Head (lateral) C Thorax (lateral) D Thorax (dorsal) E Abdominal segments 1–4 (dorsal) F Abdominal segments 4–10 (dorsal) G Body (lateral). All New York, TRC.