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Shortfruit Willow

Salix brachycarpa Nutt.

Common Names

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small-fruit willow
small-fruit sand dune willow
barren-ground willow
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description

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More info for the terms: capsule, fruit, shrub

Small-fruit willow is a much-branched, low-growing, and often
prostrate shrub typically between 1 and 3 feet (0.3-0.9 m) tall. Male
and female flowers occur on separate plants in 0.7- to 2-inch-long
(1.5-5 cm) catkins that persist throughout the summer and often through
the following winter. The fruit is a two-valved capsule [3,6,19,28].
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution

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Small-fruit willow grows throughout Alaska except for the Aleutian
Islands and along the southeastern coast. In northern Canada it grows
from the Yukon Territory to adjacent British Columbia and east to the
Hudson Bay. In the contiguous United States small-fruit willow grows
from the Canadian border southward in the cordilleras to Utah and
Colorado [3,7,15,19].
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bibliographic citation
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology

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More info for the terms: fire regime, seed

Information on small-fruit willow's ability to sprout after fire is
lacking. Like most willows it probably sprouts prolifically after fire.
Small-fruit willow's wind-dispersed seed are probably important in
colonizing recently burned sites [12].


FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)

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More info for the term: phanerophyte

Phanerophyte
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics

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More info for the term: swamp

Small-fruit willow occurs on a wide variety of sites including open
woodlands, bogs, muskegs, meadows, streambanks, alpine slopes, swamp
margins, and moraines. It also occurs on serpentine barrens, salt
marshes, alkaline meadows, and salt flats [11,28].
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types

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This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

12 Black spruce
107 White spruce
201 White spruce
204 Black spruce
206 Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
251 White spruce - aspen
253 Black spruce - white spruce
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem

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This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES23 Fir - spruce
FRES44 Alpine
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations

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This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the term: forest

K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K052 Alpine meadows and barren
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire

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More info for the term: top-kill

Low- to moderate-severity fires generally top-kill willows. Severe fire
can kill willows by completely removing soil organic layers and charring
the roots [29].
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife

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More info for the term: restoration

Small-fruit willow is an important forage for moose in the floodplains
of interior Alaska and has been planted for moose habitat restoration on
the North Slope of Alaska [8,26].

Willows (Salix spp.) are generally a preferred food and building
material for beaver [2]. Willow shoots, catkins, and buds are eaten by
numerous small mammals and birds [5,12].
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bibliographic citation
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations

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More info for the terms: codominant, marsh, shrub

Small-fruit willow codominates in several willow and mixed shrub
floodplain communities in Alaska and northern Canada [2]. In
northwestern Colorado, it is a codominant along rivers and streams along
with diamondleaf willow (Salix planifolia), marsh marigold (Caltha
leptosepala), and water sedge (Carex aquatilis) [3]. Other riparian
community associates include Alaska willow (S. alaxensis), littletree
willow (S. arbusculoides), grayleaf willow (S. glauca), and alders
(Alnus spp.) [4,18].
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form

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More info for the term: shrub

Shrub
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America

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AK CO ID MT OR UT WA WY AB BC
MB NY SK YT
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values

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All willows produce salacin which is closely related chemically to
aspirin. Native American used various preparations from willows to
treat toothache, bee stings, stomachache, and diarrhea [14,17]. Native
Americans also used flexible willow stems for making baskets, bows,
arrows, and fish and muskrat traps [14].
license
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bibliographic citation
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology

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More info for the term: seed

Small-fruit willow flowers in June and July, and the seed is dispersed
in July and August [28].
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bibliographic citation
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire

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Like most willows small-fruit willow will probably sprout vigorously
after fire [3,12]. Information regarding postfire establishment for
small-fruit willow is lacking.
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bibliographic citation
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration

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More info for the terms: root crown, shrub

Small shrub, adventitious-bud root crown
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
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bibliographic citation
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes

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More info for the terms: natural, root crown, seed

Like all willows, small-fruit willow's primary mode of reproduction is
sexual. It produces an abundance of lightweight seed and begins seed
production at an early age (between 2 and 10 years) [12].

Willow seed has an extremely short period of viability. Under natural
conditions, most seeds remain viable for only a few days. Seeds usually
germinate within 12 to 24 hours of landing on a suitable seedbed. At
maturity, the capsular fruits split open to release the minute downy
seeds that are dispersed by either wind or water [12,19].

Vegetative reproduction: Willows are prolific sprouters. Small-fruit
willow sprouts from the root crown if aboveground stems are broken or
destroyed by cutting or fire [12].
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bibliographic citation
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States

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This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status

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Obligate Initial Community Species

Small-fruit willow is an early seral species. It is one of the first
species to become established on exposed silt and gravel bars and the
inside of river meanders [1,18].
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bibliographic citation
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy

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The scientific name for small-fruit willow is Salix brachycarpa Nutt [19,24].
There are two recognized varieties [15,19,22,24]:

Salix brachycarpa var. brachycarpa Nutt. (typical variety)
Salix brachycarpa Nutt. var. psammophila Raup, small-fruit sand dune willow
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Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites

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More info for the terms: reclamation, restoration

Willow stems are commonly planted for restoration of wildlife habitat,
streambank protection, and the reclamation of sites disturbed by mining
and construction [20]. Small-fruit willow is apparently well suited
for these purposes. Small-fruit willow is also planted for windbreaks
[27].
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bibliographic citation
Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Salix brachycarpa

provided by wikipedia EN

Salix brachycarpa is a species of flowering plant in the willow family known by the common names barren-ground willow,[1][2] small-fruit willow[2][3][4][5] and shortfruit willow.[6][7]

Distribution

The plant is native to North America, where it occurs throughout Alaska except for the Aleutian Islands and southeastern coastal region, in western and northern Canada, and in the contiguous United States in the Rocky Mountains south to Colorado, and the Sierra Nevada in California.[1]

It grows in several types of habitat. It grows in coniferous forests and alpine habitat types, near rivers and streams, in bogs, muskegs, swamps, and moraines. It is common on floodplains, where it grows with other willow species and various shrubs. It can also be found on serpentine barrens, salt marshes, and salt flats. It easily colonizes wet places recently cleared of vegetation, such as gravel bars.[1]

Description

Salix brachycarpa is a shrub is low in stature or sometimes prostrate, growing up to 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) tall. The stems are sometimes hairy and the smaller branchlets may be quite woolly. The leaves are also usually hairy, with woolly undersides. The species is dioecious, with male and female reproductive parts occurring on separate plants. The inflorescence is a catkin up to 5 centimeters long.[1][3] The plant produces tiny, downy seeds which are viable for just a few days but may germinate within 12 hours of hitting a suitable substrate.[1]

Varieties

There are at least two recognized varieties of this species of willow:

  • Salix brachycarpa var. brachycarpa is the typical variety.
  • Salix brachycarpa var. niphoclada is considered the arctic variety.[1]
  • Salix brachycarpa var. psammophila, a variety endemic to the Lake Athabasca sand dunes in northern Saskatchewan, Canada.[8][9]

A former subspecies, Salix brachycarpa subsp. niphoclada, is now synonymous with Salix niphoclada, another Alaskan willow species that is also commonly referred to as barren-ground willow.[4][10][11] Of note, barren-ground willow is also the common name of a third but distinct species of willow found in Alaska, Salix nummularia.[12]

Uses

On the Alaska North Slope, sites that supported this and other low-growing willow species before being disturbed for construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System were observed to have been recolonized by low-growing willows, including Salix brachycarpa, within four years after disturbance ceased. Natural regeneration of this and other low-growing willows was successful on moist riparian sites with silty soils, where they were mixed with the taller Alaska willow (Salix alaxensis), and on dry sites with fine-textured soils.[13]

This willow provides food for moose in interior Alaska, and it has been planted to restore moose habitat in the Alaska North Slope.[1] It is also planted in revegetation efforts and as a windbreak.[1]

S. brachycarpa is one of the few willows native to North America popularly in commercial cultivation.[14] The cultivar S. brachycarpa 'Blue Fox' is most popular, valued for its blue-gray foliage and low stature, reaching approximately 1 m in height.

Medicinal plant

Native Americans used parts of willows, including this species, for medicinal purposes, basket weaving, to make bows and arrows, and for building animal traps.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Coladonato, Milo. 1993 Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
  2. ^ a b "ITIS Standard Report Page: Salix brachycarpa Taxonomic Serial No.: 22510". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
  3. ^ a b Salix brachycarpa. Flora of North America.
  4. ^ a b Argus, George W. (July 2004). "A Guide to the identification of Salix (willows) in Alaska, the Yukon Territory and adjacent regions" (PDF). Workshop on willow identification. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
  5. ^ Argus, George W. (2008). "A Guide to the identification of Salix (willows) in Alberta" (PDF). Workshop on willow identification. Devonian Botanical Garden, Jasper National Park, Alberta. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-04. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
  6. ^ "Short-fruit Willow — Salix brachycarpa". Montana Field Guide. Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
  7. ^ "Salix brachycarpa (Shortfruit willow)". Native plant database. Native Plant Information Network, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
  8. ^ Raup, Hugh M. (1936). "Phytogeographic studies in the Athabaska-Great Slave Lake region. I. Catalogue of the vascular plants". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 17 (4): 230–231. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
  9. ^ Salix brachycarpa Nuttall var. psammophila Raup. Flora of North America.
  10. ^ Aiken, S.G.; Dallwitz, M.J.; Consaul, L.L.; McJannet, C.L.; Boles, R.L.; Argus, G.W.; Gillett, J.M.; Scott, P.J.; Elven, R.; LeBlanc, M.C.; Gillespie, L.J.; Brysting, A.K.; Solstad, H. & Harris, J.G. (2007). "Salix niphoclada Rydberg". Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. National Research Council of Canada. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
  11. ^ Collet, Dominique M. (2004). Willows of Interior Alaska (PDF). US Fish & Wildlife Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-16. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
  12. ^ "PLANTS Profile for Salix nummularia Andersson (barren ground willow)". Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
  13. ^ Densmore, R. V.; Neiland, B. J.; Zasada, J. C.; Masters, M. A. (1987), "Planting willow for moose habitat restoration on the North Slope of Alaska, U.S.A.", Arctic and Alpine Research, 19 (4): 537–543, doi:10.2307/1551422, JSTOR 1551422
  14. ^ Yulia A. Kuzovkina; Martin F. Quigle (March 2004). "Ornamental Willows (Salix spp.) for Alpine and Small Urban Gardens" (PDF). Journal of Arboriculture. 30 (2): 127. Retrieved 26 March 2022.

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Salix brachycarpa: Brief Summary

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Salix brachycarpa is a species of flowering plant in the willow family known by the common names barren-ground willow, small-fruit willow and shortfruit willow.

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Salix brachycarpa ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Salix brachycarpa, es una especie de sauce perteneciente a la familia de las salicáceas. Es nativa de Norteamérica.

Descripción

Es un arbusto que alcanza un tamaño de 0.2-1.5 m de altura. Con tallos erectos o decumbentes, las ramas de color gris-marrón o marrón rojizo, velloso o corto y sedoso a glabrescentes; ramillas de color marrón rojizo, largas y sedosas. Hojas: estrechamente oblongas, alargadas, estrechamente elípticas, elípticas, estrechamente oblanceoladas, ovadas u obovadas, base redondeada, convexa, cordadas, o subcordadas, el ápice redondeado, agudo, o convexa. La inflorescencia en forma de amentos. El fruto en forma de cápsulas de 3-6,5 mm.[1]

Taxonomía

Salix brachycarpa fue descrita por Thomas Nuttall y publicado en The North American Sylva 1(2): 69–70, en el año 1842.[2]

Etimología

Salix: nombre genérico latino para el sauce, sus ramas y madera.[3]

brachycarpa: epíteto latino que significa "con el fruto pequeño".[4]

Variedades aceptadas
Sinonimia

Referencias

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Salix brachycarpa: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Salix brachycarpa, es una especie de sauce perteneciente a la familia de las salicáceas. Es nativa de Norteamérica.

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Salix brachycarpa ( French )

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Salix brachycarpa est une espèce de saule connu en anglo-saxon sous le nom de barren-ground willow[2],[3] small-fruit willow[3],[4],[5],[6] et shortfruit willow[7],[8].

Distribution

La plante est native d'Amérique du Nord où on la trouve partout en Alaska excepté dans les îles Aléoutiennes et au sud-est sur la côte. L'espèce est également présente à l'ouest et au nord du Canada et dans les régions limitrophes des États-Unis (du sud des montagnes Rocheuses jusqu'au Colorado), dans la Sierra Nevada, en Californie[2].

Différents types d'habitat lui conviennent. Elle pousse dans les forêts de conifères et dans les climats de type alpin, près des cours d'eau, les mares, les zones marécageuses et les moraines[2].

Description

Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces (1987) (20232137868).jpg

Salix brachycarpa est de stature buissonnante et même parfois rampante, poussant jusqu'à 1,5 m de haut. Les tiges sont parfois velues et les plus petites branches peuvent être franchement laineuses. Les feuilles sont aussi duveteuses avec une face inférieure laineuse. L'inflorescence est un chaton de 5 centimètres de long[2],[4]. La plante produit de petites graines sombres qui ne sont viables que quelques jours mais peuvent germer dans les 12 heures sur un substrat favorable[2].

Variétés

Il y a au moins deux variétés reconnues :

  • Salix brachycarpa var. brachycarpa, la variété type.
  • Salix brachycarpa var. niphoclada, la variété arctique[2].
  • Salix brachycarpa var. psammophila, une variété endémique des dunes de sable du Lac Athabasca, au nord du Saskatchewan, au Canada[9],[10].

Une ancienne sous-espèce, Salix brachycarpa subsp. niphoclada, est maintenant synonyme de Salix niphoclada, une autre variété de saule d'Alaska aussi appelée « barren-ground willow »[5],[11],[12]. Barren-ground willow est aussi le nom d'une troisième vatiété distincte de saule d'Alaska, Salix nummularia[13].

Utilisations

La construction de l'oléoduc trans-Alaska a perturbé l'existence de cette espèce et les espaces ont été recolonisés par d'autres que Salix brachycarpa, dans les quatre années qui ont suivi. La régénération naturelle a bien fonctionné dans les secteurs favorables pour Alaska willow (Salix alaxensis) et sur des sites plus secs à la texture du sol très fine[14].

Cette espèce sert de nourriture pour les élans en Alaska et a été replantée pour assurer l'alimentation de cet animal dans l'« Alaska North Slope »[2]. Elle est aussi utilisée comme coupe-vent et en revégétalisation[2].

Les natifs de l'Amérique du Nord utilisaient la plante pour se soigner, fabriquer des paniers, des arcs et des flèches ainsi que des pièges pour attraper des animaux sauvages.

Références

  1. IPNI. International Plant Names Index. Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens., consulté le 13 juillet 2020
  2. a b c d e f g et h Coladonato, Milo. 1993 Salix brachycarpa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. Département de l'Agriculture des États-Unis (USDA), Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
  3. a et b « ITIS Standard Report Page: Salix brachycarpa Taxonomic Serial No.: 22510 », Système d'information taxonomique intégré (consulté le 25 mars 2012)
  4. a et b Salix brachycarpa. Flora of North America.
  5. a et b (en) Argus, George W., « A Guide to the identification of Salix (willows) in Alaska, the Yukon Territory and adjacent regions », Workshop on willow identification, juillet 2004 (consulté le 25 mars 2012)
  6. Argus, George W., « A Guide to the identification of Salix (willows) in Alberta », Workshop on willow identification, Devonian Botanical Garden, Jasper National Park, Alberta, 2008 (consulté le 23 mars 2012)
  7. « Short-fruit Willow — Salix brachycarpa », Montana Field Guide, Montana Natural Heritage Program (consulté le 25 mars 2012)
  8. (en) « Salix brachycarpa (Shortfruit willow) », Native plant database, Native Plant Information Network, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, 1er janvier 2007 (consulté le 25 mars 2012)
  9. Hugh M. Raup, Phytogeographic studies in the Athabaska-Great Slave Lake region. I. Catalogue of the vascular plants., vol. 17, 1936, 230–231 p. (lire en ligne), chap. 4
  10. Salix brachycarpa Nuttall var. psammophila Raup. Flora of North America.
  11. Aiken, S.G., Dallwitz, M.J., Consaul, L.L., McJannet, C.L., Boles, R.L., Argus, G.W., Gillett, J.M., Scott, P.J., Elven, R., LeBlanc, M.C., Gillespie, L.J., Brysting, A.K., Solstad, H., et Harris, J.G., « Salix niphoclada Rydberg », Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval, National Research Council of Canada, 2007 (consulté le 23 mars 2012)
  12. Collet, Dominique M., « Willows of Interior Alaska », US Fish & Wildlife Service, 2004 (consulté le 23 mars 2012)
  13. (en) « PLANTS Profile for Salix nummularia Andersson (barren ground willow) », Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA (consulté le 25 mars 2012).
  14. Densmore, R. V.; Neiland, B. J.; Zasada, J. C.; Masters, M. A., Planting willow for moose habitat restoration on the North Slope of Alaska, U.S.A., 1987, 537–543 p. (lire en ligne), chap. 19(4).

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Salix brachycarpa: Brief Summary ( French )

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Salix brachycarpa est une espèce de saule connu en anglo-saxon sous le nom de barren-ground willow, small-fruit willow,,, et shortfruit willow,.

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Salix brachycarpa ( Vietnamese )

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Salix brachycarpa là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Liễu. Loài này được Nutt. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1842.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Salix brachycarpa. Truy cập ngày 31 tháng 8 năm 2013.

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original
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wikipedia VI

Salix brachycarpa: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Salix brachycarpa là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Liễu. Loài này được Nutt. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1842.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
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wikipedia VI