Comments
provided by eFloras
It is extensively cultivated in Pakistan.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Comments
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Gossypium hirsutum has replaced G. arboreum and G. herbaceum in the cotton-producing areas of China.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Erect, usually annual herbs, all parts with ± dense, simple, spreading hairs, glabrescent, stem green or tinged red. Leaves 3-10 cm long, broader than long, somewhat orbicular, 3(-5)-lobed, upper ones sometimes entire and ovate, on both sides simple and stellate hairy, glabrescent; lobes ovate, long acuminate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 6-10 mm long, 2-5 mm broad, long acuminate; petiole 3-10 cm long. Flowers axillary, solitary; pedicel 1-1.5 cm long, in fruit up to 2.5 cm long. Epicalyx segments large, foliaceous broadly ovate, cordate at base, 2-4 cm long, 1.5-3 cm broad, laciniate; teeth long, linear to lanceolate. Calyx cupular, 6-7 mm long, usually toothed. Corolla pale yellow, 5-6 cm across; petals 4-5.5 cm long, 3.5-4.5 cm broad, obovate. Capsule 3-4 cm long 2-3 cm broad, ovoid, beaked, coarsely pitted,3-5 celled. Seeds 3-5 mm long, ovoid, fuzzy, white linted. lint firmly attached.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Herbs, annual, 0.6-1.5 m tall. Branchlets sparsely villous. Stipules ovate-falcate, 5-8 mm, caducous; petiole 3-14 cm, pilose; leaf blade broadly ovate, 3(-5)-lobed, 5-12 cm in diam., lobes broadly triangular to ovate-orbicular, base broad, central lobe usually 1/2 as long as leaf blade, abaxially sparsely villous, adaxially nearly glabrous, scabrously hairy on veins, base cordate or cordate-truncate, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicel usually slightly shorter than petiole. Epicalyx lobes 3, free, to 4 × 2.5 cm (including teeth), hirsute and ciliate with long hairs, base cordate, with 1 gland, 7-9-toothed near apex, teeth 3 or 4 × as long as wide. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed, lobes triangular, ciliate. Corolla white or yellowish, fading to reddish or purple, funnelform; petals 4-5.5 × 3.5-4.5 cm. Staminal column 1-2 cm; filaments lax, upper ones longer. Capsule 3- or 4-celled, ovoid, 3.5-5 cm, apex beaked. Seeds free, ovoid, with white wool and gray-white moderately persistent short fuzz. Fl. summer-autumn.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
Central America. Cultivated throughout the tropics.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
Distribution: Cultivated in Tropical North and Central America, introduced into tropical countries of the Old World.
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Elevation Range
provided by eFloras
700-1400 m
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Habitat & Distribution
provided by eFloras
Widely cultivated in China [probably of American origin (?Mexico), now cultivated throughout warmer parts of the world].
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Gossypium hirsutum f. mexicanum (Todaro) Roberty; G. mexicanum Todaro; G. religiosum Linnaeus.
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Derivation of specific name
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
hirsutum: covered with long, moderately stiff and not interwoven hairs; hirsute
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Gossypium hirsutum L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=139760
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- Mark Hyde
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- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Description
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Annual or short-lived perennial shrublet up to 1.5m tall. Leaves almost round in outline, 3-5-lobed to about halfway. Flowers in 1-several flowered clusters, cream to pale yellow, fading pink, with or without dark centre. Epicalyx of 3 large leaf-like bracts. Fruit a round capsule 2-4 cm in diameter, splitting to release the seeds covered in dense white cotton wool.
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
- bibliographic citation
- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Gossypium hirsutum L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=139760
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
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- Petra Ballings
Insects whose larvae eat this plant species
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Utetheisa pulchella (Crimson-speckled footman) Egybolis vaillantina (Peach moth)
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Gossypium hirsutum L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=139760
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Worldwide distribution
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Native to Central America
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Gossypium hirsutum L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=139760
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Gossypium hirsutum
provided by wikipedia EN
Gossypium hirsutum, also known as upland cotton or Mexican cotton, is the most widely planted species of cotton in the world. Globally, about 90% of all cotton production is of cultivars derived from this species.[2] In the United States, the world's largest exporter of cotton, it constitutes approximately 95% of all cotton production.[3] [4]It is native to Mexico, the West Indies, northern South America, Central America and possibly tropical Florida.[5][6]
Archeological evidence from the Tehuacan Valley in Mexico shows the cultivation of this species as long ago as 3,500 BC, although there is as yet no evidence as to exactly where it may have been first domesticated.[7] This is the earliest evidence of cotton cultivation in the Americas found thus far.
Gossypium hirsutum includes a number of varieties or cross-bred cultivars with varying fiber lengths and tolerances to a number of growing conditions. The longer length varieties are called "long staple upland" and the shorter length varieties are referred to as "short staple upland". The long staple varieties are the most widely cultivated in commercial production.
Besides being fibre crops, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium herbaceum are the main species used to produce cottonseed oil.
The Zuni people use this plant to make ceremonial garments,[8] and the fuzz is made into cords and used ceremonially.[9]
Flowers of
Gossypium hirsutum
This species shows extrafloral nectar production.[10]
Synonyms
-
Gossypium barbadense var. marie-galante (G. Watt) A. Chev., Rev. Int. Bot. Appl Agric. Trop. 18:118. 1938.
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Gossypium jamaicense Macfad., Fl. Jamaica 1:73. 1837.
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Gossypium lanceolatum Tod., Relaz. cult. coton. 185. 1877.
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Gossypium marie-galante G. Watt, Kew Bull. 1927:344. 1927.
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Gossypium mexicanum Tod., Ind. sem. panorm. 1867:20, 31. 1868.
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Gossypium morrillii O. F. Cook & J. Hubb., J. Washington Acad. Sci. 16:339. 1926.
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Gossypium palmeri G. Watt, Wild cult. cotton 204, t. 34. 1907.
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Gossypium punctatum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. pl. 309. 1827.
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Gossypium purpurascens Poir., Encycl. suppl. 2:369. 1811.
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Gossypium religiosum L., Syst. nat. ed. 12, 2:462. 1767.
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Gossypium schottii G. Watt, Wild cult. cotton 206. 1907.
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Gossypium taitense Parl., Sp. Cotoni 39, t. 6, fig. A. 1866.
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Gossypium tridens O. F. Cook & J. Hubb., J. Washington Acad. Sci. 16:547. 1926.
References
-
^ Wegier, A.; Alavez, V.; Vega, M.; Azurdia, C. (2019). "Gossypium hirsutum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T71774532A71774543. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T71774532A71774543.en. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
-
^ World Cotton Production, Yara North America
-
^ "USDA ERS - Cotton Sector at a Glance". www.ers.usda.gov. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
-
^ Davenport, Coral (2023-02-18). "How Climate Change Is Making Tampons (and Lots of Other Stuff) More Expensive". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
-
^ "Gossypium hirsutum". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 18 December 2017.
-
^ Wendel; et al. (November 1992). "Genetic Diversity in Gossypium hirsutum and the Origin of Upland". American Journal of Botany. JSTOR. 79 (11): 1291–1310. doi:10.2307/2445058. JSTOR 2445058.
-
^ Smith, C. E.; Stephens, S. G. (1971). "Critical identification of Mexican archaeological cotton remains". Economic Botany. 25 (2): 160. doi:10.1007/BF02860076. S2CID 24273337.
-
^ Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #30 (p. 77)
-
^ Stevenson, p.92
-
^ Röse USR, Lewis J, Tumlinson JH. Extrafloral nectar from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as a food source for parasitic wasps. Functional Ecology 2006; 20:67-74.
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Gossypium hirsutum: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Gossypium hirsutum, also known as upland cotton or Mexican cotton, is the most widely planted species of cotton in the world. Globally, about 90% of all cotton production is of cultivars derived from this species. In the United States, the world's largest exporter of cotton, it constitutes approximately 95% of all cotton production. It is native to Mexico, the West Indies, northern South America, Central America and possibly tropical Florida.
Archeological evidence from the Tehuacan Valley in Mexico shows the cultivation of this species as long ago as 3,500 BC, although there is as yet no evidence as to exactly where it may have been first domesticated. This is the earliest evidence of cotton cultivation in the Americas found thus far.
Gossypium hirsutum includes a number of varieties or cross-bred cultivars with varying fiber lengths and tolerances to a number of growing conditions. The longer length varieties are called "long staple upland" and the shorter length varieties are referred to as "short staple upland". The long staple varieties are the most widely cultivated in commercial production.
Besides being fibre crops, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium herbaceum are the main species used to produce cottonseed oil.
The Zuni people use this plant to make ceremonial garments, and the fuzz is made into cords and used ceremonially.
Flowers of Gossypium hirsutum
This species shows extrafloral nectar production.
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Flowers of Gossypium hirsutum 
