Sisyrinchium dichotomum is a rare species of flowering plant in the iris family known by the common names wishbone blue-eyed grass,[2] white irisette, and reflexed blue-eyed grass. It is native to North Carolina and South Carolina in the United States, where fewer than ten populations remain in four counties. It is threatened by the loss and degradation of its habitat and is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.[1]
This plant is a perennial herb producing a clump of branching stems up to 40 centimeters tall with grasslike leaves. The solitary flower has six white tepals with yellow bases, each measuring up to 0.75 centimeters. The fruit is a spherical capsule roughly 0.2 to 0.3 centimeters long.[3]
This species occurs in the Piedmont of North Carolina in Henderson, Polk, and Rutherford Counties, its distribution extending into Greenville County, South Carolina. There are about 30 occurrences making up 5 to 7 populations, the largest of which contains about 1000 individuals. The plant is limited to basic soils in clearings or the edges of wooded areas where there is little canopy cover. It grows in spots where there is thin or no leaf litter as well.[1]
Many of the populations are threatened. They occur in areas that suffer disturbance, such as roadsides and cleared areas around power lines, and one is on private land slated to be cleared for construction.[4] Two of the 30 occurrences are protected within Chimney Rock State Park.[1]
Besides the threat of outright destruction through human activity, the plant faces other problems, including its habitat being seized by the invasion of introduced species of plants such as kudzu (Pueraria lobata) "the vine that ate the south",[5] Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), and Nepalese browntop (Microstegium vimineum).[1] Though the plant can be damaged during disturbance in its habitat, it is adapted to some natural forms of disturbance, such as wildfire. A natural fire regime maintains the open clearings and thin litter layer that the plant requires.[1] Other threats include herbicide use and erosion.[4]
Although the plant was considered "fairly common" as recently as 1942, human activity has since made its habitat unsuitable throughout most of its range.[1]
Sisyrinchium dichotomum is a rare species of flowering plant in the iris family known by the common names wishbone blue-eyed grass, white irisette, and reflexed blue-eyed grass. It is native to North Carolina and South Carolina in the United States, where fewer than ten populations remain in four counties. It is threatened by the loss and degradation of its habitat and is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
This plant is a perennial herb producing a clump of branching stems up to 40 centimeters tall with grasslike leaves. The solitary flower has six white tepals with yellow bases, each measuring up to 0.75 centimeters. The fruit is a spherical capsule roughly 0.2 to 0.3 centimeters long.
This species occurs in the Piedmont of North Carolina in Henderson, Polk, and Rutherford Counties, its distribution extending into Greenville County, South Carolina. There are about 30 occurrences making up 5 to 7 populations, the largest of which contains about 1000 individuals. The plant is limited to basic soils in clearings or the edges of wooded areas where there is little canopy cover. It grows in spots where there is thin or no leaf litter as well.
Many of the populations are threatened. They occur in areas that suffer disturbance, such as roadsides and cleared areas around power lines, and one is on private land slated to be cleared for construction. Two of the 30 occurrences are protected within Chimney Rock State Park.
Besides the threat of outright destruction through human activity, the plant faces other problems, including its habitat being seized by the invasion of introduced species of plants such as kudzu (Pueraria lobata) "the vine that ate the south", Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), and Nepalese browntop (Microstegium vimineum). Though the plant can be damaged during disturbance in its habitat, it is adapted to some natural forms of disturbance, such as wildfire. A natural fire regime maintains the open clearings and thin litter layer that the plant requires. Other threats include herbicide use and erosion.
Although the plant was considered "fairly common" as recently as 1942, human activity has since made its habitat unsuitable throughout most of its range.
Sisyrinchium dichotomum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Diên vĩ. Loài này được E.P.Bicknell miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1899.[1]
Sisyrinchium dichotomum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Diên vĩ. Loài này được E.P.Bicknell miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1899.
Sisyrinchium dichotomum E.P.Bicknell
Голубогла́зка ви́льчатая (лат. Sisyrinchium dichotomum) — вид цветковых растений рода Голубоглазка (Sisyrinchium) семейства Ирисовые (Iridaceae).
Многолетнее травянистое растение, образует дерновинку ветвящихся стеблей до 40 см высотой со злаковидными листьями. Цветки одиночные, с 6 белыми листочками околоцветника, жёлтыми у основания, каждый до 0,75 мм длиной.
Плод — сферическая коробочка 0,2—0,3 см длиной[2].
Обитает в Пидмонте в Северной Каролине и в Южной Калифорнии. Известно около 30 местонахождений, составляющих 5—7 популяций, крупнейшая из которых включает 1000 растений. Растёт на щелочных почвах на просеках по краям лесов, где сохраняется небольшой лесной полог. Также произрастает на прогалинах, где нет лесной подстилки или её слой тонок[3].
Многие популяции находятся в опасности. Голубоглазка вильчатая растёт в местах, подвергаемых постоянному вмешательству извне, таких как обочины дорог и на просеках около линий электропередач, одна популяция находится на территории, специально расчищенной под строительство[4]. 2 популяции из 30 находятся под защитой Chimney Rock State Park[3].
Помимо разрушительной деятельности человека, растения также страдают от других проблем, включая захватывание их местообитаний инвазионными интродуцированными видами, такими как пуэрария дольчатая (Pueraria lobata) («вьюн, поглотивший юг»)[5], жимолость японская (Lonicera japonica) и Microstegium vimineum[3]. Хотя растениям наносит вред искусственное вмешательство в их местообитание, они приспособлены к таким естественным воздействиям как лесные пожары. Они не разрушают просеки и сохраняют тонкий слой лесной подстилки, как раз и необходимый растению[3].
Другой угрозой для голубоглазки вильчатой являются гербициды и эрозия почвы[4].
Хотя ещё в 1942 году вид был признан «достаточно распространённым», деятельность человека сделала его местообитания непригодными на большей части ареала[3]. В настоящее время в США вид внёсён в список видов, находящихся в опасности[3].
Голубогла́зка ви́льчатая (лат. Sisyrinchium dichotomum) — вид цветковых растений рода Голубоглазка (Sisyrinchium) семейства Ирисовые (Iridaceae).
