Alsodes igneus Cuevas & Formas 2005

Ano todo

Diagnosis Alsodes igneus can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) snout short, slightly truncated in dorsal view; (2) a black ribbon extending below the canthus rostralis; (3) unbarred legs and arms; (4) heel does not reach the posterior border of the eye when hind leg is bent forward; (5) toes scarcely fringed; (6) webbing absent; (7) dorsal surface granular; (8) 26 bi-armed chromosomes, with a secondary constriction and NOR in the short arm of pair 7.

Know only from the type locality in Malleco Lake, Tolhuaca National Park, Chile.

mucilagem, tanino, glucidos, sais minerais, enxofre(1) (20)

Produz sementes

Description of the holotype Adult female, large (66.7 mm snout-vent length). Head wider than long, narrower than the body. Head length 27.1% snout-vent length; snout short, slightly truncated in dorsal view; almost rounded in lateral view; nostrils barely protuberant oriented laterally; internarial distance 27.7% head width; nostrils situated midway between the tip of the snout and anterior border of eyes; canthus rostralis well developed; loreal region slightly rounded in cross section. Eyes moderately large, oriented laterally; eye diameter 27.8% of head length; supratympanic fold well developed, does not reach insertion of arm; tympanum absent; the area below the supratympanic fold with numerous small granulations; maxillary and premaxillary teeth present. Choanae small approximately one mm in diameter, well separated (1.4 times the internarial distance), circular in form; Vomerine teeth (10-12) obliquely located between the choanae; tongue almost rounded (a bit longer than wide), posterior border plain, notched; attached anteriorly through two-thirds its length; posterior border free. Forelimbs thin; dermal wristfold absent; relative length of digits III > IV > II > I; webbing absent; tips of fingers spherical, approximately equal in size; inner palmar tubercle ovoid, prominent; outer palmar tubercle almost rounded, prominent; subarticular tubercle proximately positioned on each finger; distal subarticular tubercle present in all fingers; supernumerary palmar tubercle present. Hind limb thin; length (foot plus tibia) 150% SVL; heel does not reach the posterior border of eye when hind leg is bent forward; relative length of toes IV > III > V > II > I; webbing reduced in all toes; lateral fringes present but reduced in all toes; subartic ular tubercles round, prominent, distributed on toes as follows: I(1), II(2), III(3), IV(3), V(2); minute supernumerary tubercle present; external tubercle ovoid, prominent approximately one-third length of inner tubercle; tarsal fold present, but reduced, extending approximately two-thirds length of tarsus, confluent distally with narrow fringe along inner margin of toe I. Skin of dorsum granular; dorsal surfaces of arms and thighs granular; ventral and posterior surfaces of thighs with numerous pustules. Cloacal opening directed posteriorly at dorsal level of thighs; opening round and unornamented; ventral and throat surface smooth. Measurements of the holotype (in mm): Snout-vent length 66.6. Head length 21.2. Head width 24.3.Thigh length 32.3.Tibia length 30.7. Foot length 47.8. Eye diameter 8.3. Nostril-snout distance 5.9. Internarial distance 6.4. Colouration in preservative (ethanol 70%): the background of dorsum, dorsal surfaces of arms, thighs, hands and feets dark-gray (khaki in life). Minute black spots on the dorsal surface of arms and legs. A triangular light-gray area extending between the tip of the snout and the anterior borders of eyes (khaki in life); lips light gray (yellow in life) with a narrow black stripe near the anterior border of eye; two narrow dark-gray ribbons (converging anteriorly) below the canthus rostralis (dark brown in life). A black triangular zone converges backwards on the head between the eyes. A vertebral and two paravertebral irregular stripes on the dorsum (in life dark brown). The ventral surfaces of venter, throat and thighs leaden; ventral surfaces of hands and feets darker than the other ventral surfaces. In life, the groin is yellowish in colour, and the upper part of the iris golden yellow with black reticulations. One juvenile specimen collected at the type locality shows the same characteristics as the adults; except by presenting the background of dorsum, dorsal surfaces of arms, thighs, hands and feets darkgray in life and in preservative. The ventral surfaces of the throat and thighs are light gray (in preservative). The tubercles of the hand and feet are whitish, as are the tips of fingers and toes. Larval morphology Description based in eight tadpoles stages 25-39 (Gosner 1960) Body ovoid in lateral view (stage 36), 2.0 times longer than deep; in dorsal view contour of snout rounded. Nostrils small situated nearer to eye than the snout tip. Eyes anterodorsolateral, interocular distance equal to internarial distance. Dark pupils circular with the iris black. Oral disc emarginated, translucent, and in anteroventral position.Width of the disc similar to the interocular distance. Oral disc emarginate; rostral gap present and mental gap absent. A line of marginal papillae along the periphery of the disc except in the rostral region. Three to four papillae at supraangular regions. Upper and lower jaw sheaths serrate and black pigmented for about the total surface delimited by a light brown line. The labial tooth row formula is 2(2)/3(1); the balance value is ?1. Spiracular tube as long as 50% the internarial distance, sinistral and laterally located, directed backwards at an angle of 45?; its inner wall adheres to the body and the aperture is oval with a poorly defined border visible in dorsal view. Proctodeal tube transparent, wide (50% the internarial distance), vent opening dextrally. Tail length 2.5 times the body length; tail axis straight. Dorsal fin begins in a fleshy crest on the posterior third of the body. Ventral fin begins at the end of the proctodeal tube. Tail tip rounded. Fin depth not exceeding the body depth. Dorsal and ventral fins transparent with minute and numerous melanophores along its surface. Hind limbs with melanophores. Dorsal surface gray in formalin (dark gray in life), venter translucent with gut coils visible through it. The measurements of the tadpoles (n=2, stage 36, in mm): Total length 53.1-54.8. Body length 20.4-21.9. Internarial distance 2.8-3.5. Interorbital distance 3.8-4.0. Maximum tail height 8.8-10.0. Tail length 34.5-36.3. Tail muscle height 5.6-5.9. Tail muscle width 3.9-4.1.

Europa

DD. Data Deficient.

Alsodes igneus is a species of frogs in the family Alsodidae endemic to Chile; it is only known from its type locality, Tolhuaca National Park, Malleco Province, on the western slopes of the Andes. The specific name igneus, meaning "something that is of fire", was chosen to symbolize the survival of the population from a great forest fire that affected the type locality in 2000.

class=notpageimage| A. igneus is only known from Tolhuaca National Park in Chile