Tongue Biters

Nerocila sp. is not the primary subject of the video clip; the primary subject is Parapercis schauinslandii (Redspotted sandperch). Indo-Pacific, Duration 22 seconds

Cymothoa astrum, an Isopod parasite of fish.

Figure 1.Ceratothoa africanae sp. n. female holotype (29 mm) (SAM A45937): A dorsal view B antero-dorsal view of pereonite 1 and cephalon C ventral view of cephalon D dorsal view of pleotelson E lateral view.

Figure 1.Mothocya xenobranchia Bruce, 1986 (15 mm) (AMNH_IZC 00197448): A dorsal view B dorsal view of cephalon C oostegites D lateral view E dorsal view of pleotelson F pereopod 1 G uropod H pereopod 7 showing indentations.

Nerocila sp. is not the primary subject of the video clip; the primary subject is Parapercis schauinslandii (Redspotted sandperch). Indo-Pacific, Duration 15 seconds

Figure 2.Ceratothoa africanae sp. n. female paratype (30 mm) (SAM A45938): A antennule B antenna C mandible D tip of maxillule E maxillule F tip of maxilliped article 3 G maxilla H tip of maxilla I maxilliped with oostegite J oostegites K uropod.

Figure 2.Mothocya xenobranchia Bruce, 1986 (15 mm) (AMNH_IZC 00197448): A antennula B antenna C tip of maxillula D tip of maxilla E tip of maxilliped article 3 F pleopod 1 G pleopod 2 H pleopod 3 I pleopod 4 J pleopod 5.

Nerocila sp. is not the primary subject of the video clip; the primary subject is Parapercis schauinslandii (Redspotted sandperch). Indo-Pacific, Duration 36 seconds

Figure 3.Ceratothoa africanae sp. n. female holotype (29 mm) (SAM A45937): A pereopod 1 B pereopod 2 C pereopod 6 D pereopod 7.

Figure 3.Mothocya bertlucy sp. n. ovigerous female holotype (7 mm) (AMNH_IZC 00197449): A dorsal view B anterodorsal view of pereonite 1 and cephalon C dorsal view of pleotelson D uropod E lateral view.

Figure 4.Ceratothoa africanae sp. n. female paratype (30 mm) (SAM A45938): A dorsal pleopod 1 B dorsal pleopod 2 C dorsal pleopod 3 D dorsal pleopod 4 E dorsal pleopod 5 F ventral pleopod 1 G ventral pleopod 2 H ventral pleopod 3 I ventral pleopod 4 J ventral pleopod 5.

Figure 4.Mothocya bertlucy sp. n. female paratype (7 mm) (AMNH_IZC 00197450): A antennula B antenna C maxillula D molar process E maxilliped F maxilla G pereopod 1 H pereopod 2 I pereopod 7.

Figure 5.Ceratothoa africanae sp. n. male paratype (14 mm) (SAM A45938): A dorsal view B antero-dorsal view of pereonite 1 and cephalon C ventral view of cephalon D dorsal view of pleotelson E lateral view.

Figure 5.Mothocya bertlucy sp. n. female paratype (7 mm) (AMNH_IZC 00197450): A–E dorsal pleopod 1–5 respectively F–J ventral pleopod 1–5 respectively.

Figure 6.Ceratothoa africanae sp. n. male paratype (14 mm) (SAM A45938): A antennule B antenna C maxillule D mandible E maxilla F tip of maxilliped G maxilliped H uropod I pereopod 1 J pereopod 7.

Figure 6.Mothocya bertlucy sp. n. male paratype (5.5 mm) (AMNH_IZC 00197450): A dorsal view B uropod C dorsal view of pleotelson D pereopod 1 E pereopod 7 F lateral view.

Figure 7.Ceratothoa africanae sp. n. male paratype (14 mm) (SAM A45938): A dorsal pleopod 1 B dorsal pleopod 2 C dorsal pleopod 3 D dorsal pleopod 4 E dorsal pleopod 5 F ventral pleopod 1 G ventral pleopod 2 H ventral pleopod 3 I ventral pleopod 4 J ventral pleopod 5.

Figure 7.Mothocya bertlucy sp. n. male paratype (5.5 mm) (AMNH_IZC 00197450): A antennula and antenna B maxillula C molar process D maxilliped E maxilla F–J pleopod 1–5 respectively.

Figure 21.Photographs of the Ceratothoa specimens studied: A lateral view of Ceratothoa africanae sp. n. (SAM A45938) B dorsal view of Ceratothoa africanae sp. n. (SAM A45938) C lateral view of Ceratothoa famosa sp. n. (SAM A45941) D dorsal view of Ceratothoa famosa sp. n. (SAM A45941) E dorsal view of Ceratothoa imbricata (Fabricius, 1775) (BMNH 1979.403.1) F dorsal view of Ceratothoa trigonocephala (Leach, 1818) (NHMUK 2013.1013).

Figure 8.Ceratothoa famosa sp. n. female holotype (28 mm) (SAM A45939): A dorsal view B anterior view of pereonite 1 and cephalon C ventral view of cephalon D dorsal view of pleotelson E lateral view.

Figure 9.Ceratothoa famosa sp. n. female paratype (26 mm) (SAM A45941): A antennule B antenna C mandible D tip of maxillule E maxillule F tip of maxilla G tip of maxilliped article 3 H maxilla I maxilliped with oostegite J oostegites K uropod.

Figure 10.Ceratothoa famosa sp. n. female holotype (28 mm) (SAM A45939): A pereopod 1 B pereopod 2 C pereopod 6 D pereopod 7.

Figure 11.Ceratothoa famosa sp. n. female paratype (26 mm) (SAM A45941): A dorsal pleopod 1 B dorsal pleopod 2 C dorsal pleopod 3 D dorsal pleopod 4 E dorsal pleopod 5 F ventral pleopod 1 G ventral pleopod 2 H ventral pleopod 3 I ventral pleopod 4 J ventral pleopod 5.

Figure 12.Ceratothoa famosa sp. n. male paratype (12 mm) (SAM A45941): A dorsal view B anterior view of pereonite 1 and cephalon C ventral view of cephalon D dorsal view of pleotelson E lateral view.