^Philip, C.B. (1954). "New North American Tabanidae. VIII. Notes on and keys to the genera and species of Pangoniinae exclusive of Chrysops". Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 2: 13–60.
^ Burger, J. F. (1995). "Catalog of Tabanidae (Diptera) in North America north of Mexico". International Contributions on Entomology. Associated Publishers. 1 (1): 1–100.
