Biology
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The Round Island skink is active at all times of day and night, depending upon the time of year. It is a bold and gregarious species and shows little fear of people. Though much remains to be learned about this species' ecology it is known to be an aggressive predator of practically anything it can get in its mouth, including the young of its own species. However it is an opportunistic omnivore and eats fruits and seeds as well as invertebrates and other lizards (2).
This species is an egg-layer with females laying multiple clutches of up to a dozen or more soft-shelled eggs over the course of a breeding season. Each clutch is buried in damp, sandy soil where they are abandoned to undergo the two months or so of incubation before they hatch as fully independent, but vulnerable, miniatures of their parents (2).
Conservation
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Recent conservation measures on Round Island, and especially those involving the Round Island skink, have met with considerable success. The Mauritian Wildlife Foundation (MWF), New Zealand Department of Conservation (NZ, DOC) and Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust (DWCT) have all worked closely with the Mauritian Government to help protect the remaining species from extinction (5). They began by eradicating the goats and rabbits. This has allowed the island's vegetation to begin a natural process of regeneration, assisted by intensive restoration programmes including weeding, propagation, planting and seeding of pioneer and endemic plant species. The improved habitat available on Round Island as in turn resulted in a dramatic increase in Round Island skink numbers in the past 15 years (2).
The species has also been bred successfully at DWCT's Jersey Zoo and other zoos in Europe and the USA (6).
Despite its revived and healthy population this species is still considered vulnerable since it is only found on Round Island. While other Round Island endemic species might be translocated to other islets formerly within their range and which have had exotic predators removed, the skink is such a voracious predator that there are concerns it may feed on, and deplete, other rare lizard species endemic to some of these islets (6) (2).
Description
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There are around 1,400 skink species occupying almost all types of habitats worldwide. They are divided into 3 distinct sub-families with the Round Island skink belonging to the Scincinae sub-family (3). Despite the number of skink species many are superficially similar in appearance. The Round Island skink is a brownish-grey lizard, often speckled with darker or brown flecks, which reaches an average total length of about 30-40 centimetres. Its small, shiny scales shine with rainbow-coloured iridescence in the sunshine (2). The body is roughly cylindrical in shape, with a fairly long, strong tail which can be regenerated if lost in a fight or predation attempt (4) (2). Its four legs, though relatively short, are very powerful and are used for digging nesting or hiding burrows. When these lizards move quickly through dense undergrowth they may lie their legs alongside the body and move in a snake-like fashion (2) (4).
Habitat
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Since the destruction of the tropical hardwood forest on Round Island at the hands of humans and the goats and rabbits they stocked the island with, this species and the others it shares Round Island with are restricted to the grasses, scrub and leaf litter beneath the remaining endemic palm forest (2).
Range
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This species is now endemic to Round Island, a small 151 hectare island found off the north coast of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean (5). Before the arrival of humans and their entourage of pets and pests, the skinks were found on the mainland of Mauritius and numerous other offshore islets (2).
Status
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Classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List (1).
Threats
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Round Island is a refuge for many rare and endangered plants and animals, several of which are found nowhere else in the world (5). Many of these species used to occur in Mauritius and on other islets, but have been exterminated by a combination of habitat loss and depredation by exotic animals brought by human settlers. Mongooses, rats, and cats are the worst offenders but by a stroke of good fortune, Round Island has remained free of these invaders. However, Round Island suffered terribly from introduced goats and rabbits grazing on the vegetation, preventing plant regeneration and causing serious soil erosion (2).
Leiolopisma telfairii
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Leiolopisma telfairii, also known commonly as the Round Island ground skink, the Round Island skink, and Telfair's skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Round Island, one of the islands of Mauritius.
Taxonomy
Other members of the genus Leiolopisma occur on New Caledonia and New Zealand, but the Round Island skink is closely related to the two extinct Mascarenes taxa, L. mauritiana from Mauritius and L. ceciliae from Réunion.
Etymology
L. telfairii is named after Irish botanist Charles Telfair,[3] the founder of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius.
Description
L. telfairii reaches a total length (including tail) of between 30–40 cm (12–16 in). The body is general brownish grey mottled with dark brown spots. The small scales exhibit an iridescence when the sunlight is reflected on them. The body is approximately cylindrical. L. telfairii can cast its relatively long tail during a fight or to escape capture; the tail is regenerated after a while. The short but vigorous legs are used to dig burrows.
Ecology
The omnivorous diet of L. telfairii consists of seeds, fruits, insects, and small lizards. Cannibalism is not unknown, and L. telfairii may even kill its own young to eat them.
Status and conservation
L. telfairii was once numerous on Mauritius and offshore islands like Flat Island. Due to habitat destruction and introduced species like goats, black rats, and rabbits, it has been limited to Round Island since the middle of the 19th century. When Gerald Durrell visited Round Island in the 1970s he recorded 5,000 specimens. He brought some specimens to the Jersey Zoo to build up a captive breeding program. Since the eradication of the goats and rabbits on Round Island the skink population has increased to the point that some could be relocated to other islands, like Gunner's Quoin (Coin du Mire) and the Île aux Aigrettes.
References
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Leiolopisma telfairii: Brief Summary
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Leiolopisma telfairii, also known commonly as the Round Island ground skink, the Round Island skink, and Telfair's skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Round Island, one of the islands of Mauritius.
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