Eresus

Figure 2.A–H Habitus of living Eresidae, photographs. A, B Eresus kollari A adult female from Hungary (photo by Tamás Szűts) B adult male from Kadaň, Czechia, (photo by Pavel Krásenský) C, E Eresus walckenaeri; C adult female from Greece (photo by Sergio Henriques) D adult male from Mihas, Greece (photo by Martin Forman) E juvenile female F Seothyra sp., juvenile female, from Brandberg, Namibia (photo by Martin Forman) G, H Paradonea variegata (photos by Martin Forman) G juvenile female from Betta, Namibia H adult male from Homeb, Namibia.

Figure 9.A–L Schematic illustrations of the carapace of assorted eresids. A–D Eresus kollari E–H Gandanameno sp. I–L Loureedia annulipes A–B, E–F, I–J male C–D, G–H, K–L female A, C, E, G, I, K anterior view B, D, F, H, J, L dorsal view. Dashed lines at posterior of carapace indicate uncertainty. Not to scale.

Figure 13.A–L Left male palpi of eresid species, photomicrographs. A–C Eresus kollari from res. Radotinske udoli, Czechia (MR007, MR) D–F Gandanameno sp. from Van Riebeeck Park, Western Cape, South Africa (CASENT 9023763, CAS) G–I Loureedia annulipes from Haluqim Ridge, Israel (PET03, MR) J, K Paradonea striatipes from Otjivasandu (NMN), Namibia L Paradonea splendens from Sunnyside, South Africa (C1076, SAM) A, D, G, J, L prolateral view B, H, K retrolateral view E ventral view C, F, I expanded palp. BH basal haematodocha MH median haematodocha.

Figure 16.A–L Epigyna of eresid species, photomicrographs. A, D Adonea fimbriata; A from Mehav Am village, Israel (MR003, MR) D from Wadi Mashash, Israel (MR013, HUJ) B, E Dorceus fastuosus from Mashabim sand dunes, Israel (MR002, MR) C, F Dresserus sp. from Klein Kariba, South Africa (CASENT 9025745, CAS) G, J Eresus walckenaeri from 5 km south of Monemvasia, Lakonia, Greece (ZMUC 00012903, ZMUC) H, K Eresus kollari from res. Radotinske udoli, Czechia (MR016, MR) I, L Eresus sandaliatus from SE of Silkeborg, Denmark (CASENT 9039243, CAS) A–C, G–I ventral viewD–F, J–L dorsal view, cleared. CD copulatory duct ML median lobe S spermatheca SH spermathecal head.

Figure 43.A–J Eresus kollari. A–D, I, J male from Prague, Czechia (MR007, MR) E–H female from res. Srbsko, Czechia (MR016, MR) A–D habitus of male, photomicrographs E–H habitus of female, photomicrographs I, J illustrations of left male palp A, E dorsal view B, F ventral view C, G anterior view D, H lateral view I prolateral view J retrolateral view, arrow indicates notch in conductor. C conductor E embolus T tegulum.

Figure 44.A–F Eresus kollari from Remete Mountain, Hungary (CASENT 9037134, CAS), scanning electron micrographs of left male palp. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D palpal bulb, retrolateral view E palpal bulb, retrodorsal view F apical view. C conductor E embolus ST subtegulum T tegulum.

Figure 45.A–F Eresus spp., scanning electron micrographs. A–D Eresus sandaliatus female from SE of Silkeborg, Denmark (CASENT 9039243, CAS) E Eresus kollari female from Srbsko, Czechia (MR016, MR) F Eresus kollari male from Prague, Czechia (MR007, MR) A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C left spermathecal head D detail, left spermatheca E trichobothria, left tibia I F epiandrous region. ML median lobe S spermatheca SH spermathecal head.

Figure 46.A–F Eresus kollari from Srbsko, Czechia (MR016, MR), scanning electron micrographs of female. A prosoma, anterior view B left cheliceral boss C detail of carapace texture D tarsal organ, left leg I E calamistrum, left metatarsus IV F detail, calamistrum seta, left metatarsus IV.

Figure 31.A–F Dorceus fastuosus, female from Mashabim sand dunes, Israel (MR002, MR), scanning electron micrographs. A detail of spigots on left ALS B cribellum C detail cribellar spigots D trichobothrium, left tibia IV E calamistrum, left metatarsus IV F detail, calamistrum seta, left metatarsus IV. MAP major ampullate gland spigot PI piriform gland spigot. 

Figure 45.A–F Eresus spp., scanning electron micrographs. A–D Eresus sandaliatus female from SE of Silkeborg, Denmark (CASENT 9039243, CAS) E Eresus kollari female from Srbsko, Czechia (MR016, MR) F Eresus kollari male from Prague, Czechia (MR007, MR) A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C left spermathecal head D detail, left spermatheca E trichobothria, left tibia I F epiandrous region. ML median lobe S spermatheca SH spermathecal head.

Figure 9.A–L Schematic illustrations of the carapace of assorted eresids. A–D Eresus kollari E–H Gandanameno sp. I–L Loureedia annulipes A–B, E–F, I–J male C–D, G–H, K–L female A, C, E, G, I, K anterior view B, D, F, H, J, L dorsal view. Dashed lines at posterior of carapace indicate uncertainty. Not to scale.

Figure 10.A–L Schematic illustrations of the carapace of assorted eresids. A–B Paradonea striatipes C–D Paradonea splendens E–H Paradonea variegata I–L Seothyra henscheli A–D, E–F, I–J male G–H, K–L female. A, C, E, G, I, K anterior view B, D, F, H, J, L dorsal view G illustrates example of median eyes overlapping on horizontal axis. Dashed lines at posterior of carapace indicate uncertainty. Not to scale.

Figure 18.A–L Epigyna of eresid species, photomicrographs. A, D Loureedia annulipes from Wadi Mashash, Negev, Israel (MR019, MR) B, E Paradonea variegata from Steinkopf, Northern Cape, South Africa (ZMB 26964, ZMHB) C, F Seothyra henscheli; C from Kuiseb River, Gobabeb, Namibia (SMN 46627, NMN) F from Sout Rivier, Namibia (CASENT 9039242, CAS) G, J Stegodyphus lineatus from Belkis, near Birecor, Turkey (MR015, MR) H, K Stegodyphus mimosarum H from Forêt d'Analalava, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar (CASENT 9015950, CAS) K from Réserve Spéciale de Cap Sainte Marie, Toliara, Madagascar (CASENT 9012844, CAS) I, L Stegodyphus sarasinorum from 7.5 km E PwintPhyu, Magway Division, Myanmar (CASENT 9019370, CAS) A–C, G–I ventral view D–F, J–L dorsal view, cleared. AL anterior lobe ML median lobe S spermatheca SH spermathecal head.

Figure 82.A–F female Stegodyphus lineatus from Belkis, near Birecor, Turkey (MR015, MR), scanning electron micrographs of epigynum, vulva, and calamistrum. A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C right spermatheca and fertilization duct D right spermathecal head E calamistrum, left metatarsus IV F detail, calamistrum setae. FD fertilization duct ML median lobe; S spermatheca SH spermathecal head.

Figure 41.A–F Eresus walckenaeri from Kresna, Bulgaria (MR), scanning electron micrographs of right male palp, images reversed to appear as left palp. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C detail of embolic division, prolateral view D detail of embolic division, retrolateral view E apex of cymbium, ventral view F detail of embolic division, apical view. C conductor E embolus ST subtegulum T tegulum.

Figure 44.A–F Eresus kollari from Remete Mountain, Hungary (CASENT 9037134, CAS), scanning electron micrographs of left male palp. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D palpal bulb, retrolateral view E palpal bulb, retrodorsal view F apical view. C conductor E embolus ST subtegulum T tegulum.

Figure 33.A–K Dresserus sp. A–D male from Manga Forest Reserve, Tanzania (ZMUC), image D reversed E–H female from Mazumbai, Tanzania (CASENT 9025747, CAS) I–K male from Mazumbai, Tanzania (CASENT 9025746, CAS) A–D habitus of male, photomicrographs E–H habitus of female, photomicrographs I–K illustrations of left male palp A, E dorsal view B, F ventral view C, G anterior view D, H lateral view I prolateral view J ventral view K retrolateral view. C conductor E embolus ST subtegulum T tegulum.

Figure 34.A–F Dresserus sp. A–E male from Mazumbai, Tanzania (CASENT 9025746, CAS), scanning electron micrographs of right palp, images reversed to appear as left palp F female from Klein Kariba, South Africa (CASENT 9025745, CAS), scanning electron micrographs of left chelicera A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D apical view E palpal tibia, dorsal view F distal part of chelicerae showing fang and teeth. C conductor E embolus T tegulum.

Figure 2.A–H Habitus of living Eresidae, photographs. A, B Eresus kollari A adult female from Hungary (photo by Tamás Szűts) B adult male from Kadaň, Czechia, (photo by Pavel Krásenský) C, E Eresus walckenaeri; C adult female from Greece (photo by Sergio Henriques) D adult male from Mihas, Greece (photo by Martin Forman) E juvenile female F Seothyra sp., juvenile female, from Brandberg, Namibia (photo by Martin Forman) G, H Paradonea variegata (photos by Martin Forman) G juvenile female from Betta, Namibia H adult male from Homeb, Namibia.

Figure 40.A–J Eresus walckenaeri. A–D, I–J male from Kresna, Bulgaria (MR) E–H female from 5 km south of Monemvasia, Lakonia, Greece (ZMUC 00012903, ZMUC) A–D habitus of male, photomicrographs E–H habitus of female, photomicrographs I, J illustrations of left male palp A, E dorsal view B, F ventral view C, G anterior view D, H lateral view I prolateral view J retrolateral view. C conductor E embolus ST subtegulum T tegulum.

Figure 43.A–J Eresus kollari. A–D, I, J male from Prague, Czechia (MR007, MR) E–H female from res. Srbsko, Czechia (MR016, MR) A–D habitus of male, photomicrographs E–H habitus of female, photomicrographs I, J illustrations of left male palp A, E dorsal view B, F ventral view C, G anterior view D, H lateral view I prolateral view J retrolateral view, arrow indicates notch in conductor. C conductor E embolus T tegulum.

Figure 16.A–L Epigyna of eresid species, photomicrographs. A, D Adonea fimbriata; A from Mehav Am village, Israel (MR003, MR) D from Wadi Mashash, Israel (MR013, HUJ) B, E Dorceus fastuosus from Mashabim sand dunes, Israel (MR002, MR) C, F Dresserus sp. from Klein Kariba, South Africa (CASENT 9025745, CAS) G, J Eresus walckenaeri from 5 km south of Monemvasia, Lakonia, Greece (ZMUC 00012903, ZMUC) H, K Eresus kollari from res. Radotinske udoli, Czechia (MR016, MR) I, L Eresus sandaliatus from SE of Silkeborg, Denmark (CASENT 9039243, CAS) A–C, G–I ventral viewD–F, J–L dorsal view, cleared. CD copulatory duct ML median lobe S spermatheca SH spermathecal head.

Figure 42.A–F Eresus walckenaeri female from 5 km south of Monemvasia, Lakonia, Greece (ZMUC 00012903), scanning electron micrographs. A prosoma, anterior view B epigynum C tarsal organ, left leg I. ventral view D vulva, dorsal view E left spermatheca F left spermathecal head. S spermatheca SH spermathecal head.

Figure 29.A–F Dorceus fastuosus, female from Mashabim sand dunes, Israel (MR002, MR), scanning electron micrographs. A median eye group B prosoma, dorsal C epigynum, ventral view D cleared vulva, dorsal view E detail, left spermathecal head F detail, right spermatheca. ML median lobe S spermatheca SH spermathecal head.