Comments
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Eriophorum scheuchzeri var. tenuifolium Ohwi does not appear to be differentiated based on the North American specimens examined.
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Comments
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The records from N. Pakistan and Kashmir are isolated. Plants recorded from an area from Yakutia to Kirghisia have been named E. scheuchzeri subsp. altaicum, but this is not known from Tadjikistan and China. The status of subsp. altaicum and the plants from Pakistan require further study.
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Description
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Plants colonial from long-creeping rhizomes. Culms solitary or few together, 5–35(–70) cm, usually not more than 1 mm diam. basally; basal sheaths persistent, brown or reddish, septate-nodulose. Leaves: blades channeled or strongly involute, 3–12 cm; distal leaves usually bladeless with black-tipped sheath. Inflorescences: involucre absent. Spikelets solitary, erect, broadly obovoid to subglobose in fruit, 8–12(–40) mm; scales gray to blackish green; proximal empty scales not more than 7, ovate, 4–10 mm, midrib not reaching tip; distal scales narrower, more attenuate, margins hyaline, not more than 1 mm wide. Flowers: perianth bristles 10 or more, bright white, sometimes red-tinged, 15–30 mm, smooth; anthers 0.5–1.5 mm. Achenes narrowly oblong, 0.4–2.5 mm, apex with subulate beak. 2n = 58.
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Description
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Perennial, 10-30 cm. Rhizome with long stolons. Stem 1-1.5 mm diam., terete to subterete, deeply grooved, smooth or finely papillose, basal part often ascending with 1-2 nodes in loer parts of stem. Leaves basal, but 1-2 reduced cauline blades present; sheaths up to 50 mm, soft, cauline shaeths slightly inflated, mouth oblique; blades up to 10 cm long, up to 2 mm wide, smooth, unifacial or upper surface a narrow groove. Inflorescence a head with numerous tightly overlapping glumes; finally 25-35 mm diam., globose, sometimes wider than high; glumes 2.5-3.5 mm, narrowly triangular, acute, lowest 1-2 (-5) mm, widely clasping, obtuse, midnerve not reaching apex, blackish to dark brownish grey, margins widely scarious. Perianth bristles finally up to 25 mm long, white to yellowish white, smooth: stigmas 3(-4); anther c. 0.8 mm. Nut 1.7-2 x 0.5-0.7 mm, narrowly obovoid, compressed trigonous, often slightly curved, brown to dark brown, almost smooth, mat.
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Distribution
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Greenland; Alta., B.C., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., Nunavut, Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Colo., Mont., Utah, Wash., Wyo.; Eurasia.
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Distribution
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Distribution: Circum-polar and montane species.
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Flowering/Fruiting
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Fruiting summer.
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Habitat
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Tundra, wet peat, marshy ground, peaty soils, riverbanks, lake and pond shores; 0–3000m.
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Habitat
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Montain slopes.
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Synonym
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Eriophorum altaicum Meinshausen; E. capitatum Host; E. scheuchzeri var. tenuifolium Ohwi
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Synonym
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E. altaicum Meinsh., Acta Horti Petrop. 18,3: 267. 1900; E. scheuchzeri Hoppe subsp. altaicum (Meinsh.) N. Bondareva, Fl. Sibiriae 3: 15. 1990.
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Eriophorum scheuchzeri
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Eriophorum scheuchzeri is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names Scheuchzer's cottongrass and white cottongrass. It has an arctic circumpolar and circumboreal distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. It can be found in Alaska, across Canada, in the Arctic islands, Greenland, Iceland, and across Eurasia.[1] Disjunct occurrences exist in the Rocky Mountains, in the high mountains of southern Europe (the Pyrenees, Alps, and the Caucasus)[2] and on Mount Daisetsu in Japan and some other Asian mountains.[3]
Description
This species is a perennial herb producing colonies via its rhizomes. The thin stems may reach 70 cm (28 in) tall, but they are often much shorter. The rolled leaf blades are up to 12 cm (4.7 in) long. Leaves at the top of the stem have no blades, just black-tipped sheaths. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head with wispy, cottony, bright white, red-tinged, or silvery bristles up to 3 cm (1.2 in) long.[3][4]
Distribution and habitat
This plant can be found at sea level in northern parts of its range and at over 4,000 m (13,000 ft) in elevation farther south.[3] It is a helophyte. It is restricted to wet habitat types,[3] and grows in marshes and wet meadows, by ponds and lakes, and on riverbanks, in moist and wet gravel and sand substrates.[1] It often lines the edges of standing water bodies commonly associated with mosses and other sedges, such as Carex aquatilis.[3]
Uses
Native and indigenous peoples have long been familiar with the plant and its uses. The Inuit have at least three names for Scheuchzer's cottongrass: pualunnguat, meaning "imitation mittens"; kumaksiutinnguat, meaning "an imitation object to remove lice"; and in North Baffin, kanguujat, meaning "what looks like snow geese". It has been used as lamp wicks, boot insoles, and swabs.[1] The cottony flowers have been used as dressings to absorb wound drainage.[5] The plant is also edible and sweet-tasting.[1]
This plant is consumed by muskoxen.[1] Waterfowl feed on the seeds.[3]
References
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^ a b c d e Aiken, S.G., et al. 2007. Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa.
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^ ": Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe". Plants of the World online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
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^ a b c d e f Ladyman, J.A.R. Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe (white cottongrass): A technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. March 2, 2006.
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^ Eriophorum scheuchzeri. Flora of North America.
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^ Eriophorum scheuchzeri. Native American Ethnobotany. University of Michigan, Dearborn. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
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Eriophorum scheuchzeri: Brief Summary
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Eriophorum scheuchzeri.
Eriophorum scheuchzeri is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names Scheuchzer's cottongrass and white cottongrass. It has an arctic circumpolar and circumboreal distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. It can be found in Alaska, across Canada, in the Arctic islands, Greenland, Iceland, and across Eurasia. Disjunct occurrences exist in the Rocky Mountains, in the high mountains of southern Europe (the Pyrenees, Alps, and the Caucasus) and on Mount Daisetsu in Japan and some other Asian mountains.
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