dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 22.8 years (wild) Observations: One banded bird was 22.8 years of age when recovered (http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/).
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Benefits

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In the United States from 1880 to 1910, adult egrets were shot by plume hunters. Egretta thula was hunted for its delicate back plumes that were used to decorate women's hats and clothing. In 1886, plumes were valued at $32 per ounce, which was twice the price of gold at the time. In 1910, most hunting ceased due to citizens' requests to stop the slaughter of egrets. However, hunting still continued in Central and South America due to the European demand for plumes.

Positive Impacts: body parts are source of valuable material

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Habitat

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Egretta thula generally prefers an environment of shallow water inlets for feeding purposes. Salt-marsh pools, tidal channels, shallow bays, and mangroves are among the most preferred habitats in North America. Habitats are most common among coastal areas and islands due to the availability of stable and abundant food sources. During the winter months, egrets migrate to the Caribbean to nest and roost in the mangroves. The Caribbean is home to other favorable egret habitats including salt-water lagoons, freshwater swamps, grassy ponds, beaches, shallow reef areas, flooded rice fields, and wet grassy meadows. Throughout Central America, E. thula prefers mainly lowland areas near freshwater swamps, lakes, and large river mouths. South American species also prefer coastal mangroves, mudflats, and swamps rather than highland areas.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial

Wetlands: marsh ; swamp

Other Habitat Features: riparian ; estuarine

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Life Expectancy

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Egretta thula has a 71.6% mortality rate during its first year and a 31.4% mortality rate during years 2 to 17. The oldest egret was recorded in Utah and lived 22 years, 10 months. Snowy egrets generally live between 2 and 17 years. Egretta thula has been subject to nematode parasitism, which causes death. Starvation and inclement weather are likely causes of death for young nestlings.

Range lifespan
Status: wild:
22 (high) years.

Typical lifespan
Status: wild:
2 to 17 years.

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Morphology

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Egretta thula is a medium-sized heron with a delicate build. Adult egrets generally measure between 56 to 66 cm and have a wingspan of approximately 100 cm. Egrets average 370 g in weight and the males tend to be slightly larger than the females. Egretta thula has entirely white plumage, a long, slender black bill, bright yellow lores, and long, slender black legs with bright yellow feet. Eyes are yellow. Breeding adults develop long, delicate plumes off their breast and are also characterized by their change in foot color, from yellow to orange. There are no overall differences in appearance between breeding populations, however, populations studied in North America and Central America are found to have a larger bill than egrets of South America.

Average mass: 370 g.

Average length: 56-66 cm.

Average wingspan: 100 cm.

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Average mass: 314 g.

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations

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Egretta thula has shown an increased preference for island nest sites in urbanized, coastal estuaries. Egrets choose urbanized locations over isolated locations, because isolated locations have more predators. Egrets use flight to escape predation from terrestrial animals and they are known to have innate recognition and avoidance of poisonous snakes.

Known predators include: Procyon lotor (racoon), Bubo virginianus (great-horned owl), Strix varia (barred owl), Corvus brachyrhynchos (American crow), Corvus ossifragus (fish crow), Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator), Pantherophis obsoletus (rat snake) and Buteogallus anthracinus (common black-hawk).

Known Predators:

  • raccoons (Procyon lotor)
  • great horned owls (Bubo virginianus)
  • barred owls (Strix varia)
  • American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
  • fish crows (Corvus ossifragus)
  • American alligators (Alligator mississipiensis)
  • gray rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides)
  • common black-hawks (Buteogallus anthracinus)
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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Distribution

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Egretta thula is found throughout North, Central, and South America as well as the Caribbean. It breeds in coastal and inland wetlands, but its range limits have changed over time due to the effects of hunting and habitat loss. Small breeding populations are located in Nova Scotia, Canada, and more heavily populated locations are found across the United States. Egretta thula is common among northern Nevada, Utah, and southeastern states, especially Florida and states bordering the Gulf of Mexico. This egret is most prevalent throughout Mexico, Central America, and South America. Egretta thula is a partially migratory species, as it relocates from its northern habitats of the United States and Canada to its winter ranges located in Mexico, Central America, South America, the West Indies, and Bermuda. Snowy Egrets begin their northward migration in early March and depart in September to migrate to their wintering areas.

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); neotropical (Native ); oceanic islands (Native )

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Trophic Strategy

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Egretta thula prefers foraging habitats near bodies of shallow water, which are ideal for food sources. Its broad diet consists of earthworms, annelid worms, aquatic and terrestrial insects, crabs, shrimp, crayfish, snails, freshwater and marine fish, frogs, toads, lizards and snakes. The egret's diet is generally composed of 75% fish and 25% crustaceans. This egret has the widest range of foraging behaviors when compared to other herons. Food capturing is performed by pecking, walking slowly or quickly, running, hopping, hovering, and "disturb and chase" behaviors. Snowy egrets primarily feed during the early morning and evening hours. Egrets occasionally engage in group flights to fly to far-away foraging environments. Otherwise, egrets independently fly approximately 3 km from their colonies to foraging sites. However, foraging in larger groups allows for greater success in finding substantial food sources and helps provide protection from predators.

Animal Foods: amphibians; reptiles; fish; insects; mollusks; terrestrial worms

Primary Diet: carnivore (Piscivore )

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations

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Egretta thula serves as a biological indicator of ecosystem health and habitat quality. In marshes, bays, and swamp habitats, the absence of egrets may reflect disturbances in the ecosystem, such as pollution, contamination of water, habitat loss, or human disturbance. In some habitats, researchers have sampled eggs and feathers to test levels of environmental contamination. Egrets are positioned at the top of the food chain, thus their decline may also infer a decline of other species, such as fish or insects. Egretta thula is a highly social bird and will not attack humans or disturb other bird species in its habitat.

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits

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There are no known adverse affects of snowy egrets on humans.

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Life Cycle

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Female egrets generally lay 3-6 eggs and both parents incubate the eggs for approximately 22-25 days. Upon hatching, the young nestling is a grayish color. It has a dark blue area around the eyes and the bill is a pale, pinkish gray. Once the eggs are fully hatched, the adults remove the eggshells from the nest. The hatchlings are covered in white down except for their wings. Pinfeathers appear by the first week. Juvenal feathers emerge on the body and wings by 2 to 3 weeks of age. Leg color varies from yellow to black. The hatchlings have a yellow colored bill tipped with black until five weeks of age, when the entire bill changes to black. Both parents brood their semialtricial young for the first 10 days. After 10 days, only one parent remains in the nest for 50% of the time. This generally lasts until the nestlings become 14 days old. The nestlings leave the nest after two weeks, but some may leave the nest as early as 10 days (Howell 1995; Parsons 2000).

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Conservation Status

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Populations appear to be declining along the Atlantic coast due to pollution and competition with other bird species. Egretta thula is at risk because of chemical contamination and the decline of wetland environments. Snowy egrets depend on wetland areas for food. Eggs in agricultural areas are contaminated by pesticides, which cause death. Egrets have also died from consumption of styrofoam, plastics, and lead found in the environment. Oil spills have also caused mortality. Egretta thula has been protected in North America since 1916 under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act prohibited the hunting of egrets for their plumes, thus allowing them to return to their previous levels of abundance.

US Migratory Bird Act: protected

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: appendix iii

State of Michigan List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Behavior

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Egretta thula communicates through sound vocalizations and posture. Young birds produce soft, buzzing calls and mature birds produce high and low-pitched calls. High-pitched calls signify plentiful foraging sites and low-pitched calls signify aggressive situations. Greeting calls are common among egrets. Only males tend to use high sound vocalizations, especially to attract a female mate. Communication sounds are also used to defend the territory surrounding the nest. An egret's upright posture with fully erect feathers marks the onset of an attack on another bird.

Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Untitled

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Similar species to Egretta thula include Egretta caerulea, little blue heron, and Egretta garzetta, little egret. Little blue herons have completely white plumage, but can be distinguished from E. thula by their gray lores. Little egrets are larger and stockier than E. thula and also have longer legs, bill, and neck.

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Reproduction

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Breeding begins in late March or early April when the male egrets perform flight displays and sound vocalizations to attract female mates. The most common courtship display is the "Stretch" display, in which the male pumps his body up and down with his bill pointed towards the sky. The male then produces a call to attract females. The changing foot color from yellow to reddish orange indicates the beginning of breeding behaviors. Breeding adults are also characterized by the distinctive display of long, delicate plumes off their breasts. Once a male finds a mate, the pair performs sexual displays and eventually builds a nest for their offspring.

Mating System: monogamous

The male and female pair-bond is maintained through a series of sexual displays. Breeding begins in March or early April. Female egrets usually build nests in the territories defended by the males. Nests are often built in isolated, estuarine habitats and can be located either on the ground or as high as 30 feet in the trees. The nests are composed of woven twigs and small sticks that female egrets collect from the ground or steal from other nests. Egretta thula may also reuse old nests. These egrets are highly social nesters and build nests close to other egrets or herons. No preliminary rituals are performed prior to copulation, which takes place in the nest. Males stand on the backs of females and cloacal cavities come into contact during copulation to fertilize the eggs. The average duration of contact is 10 seconds. Females lay 3-6 eggs at a time (on average); eggs have a pale, greenish blue color. Incubation lasts 24 days on average and the chicks usually fledge 14 days after hatching. Young reach reproductive maturity after 1 to 2 years.

Breeding season: The breeding season begins in March or early April.

Range eggs per season: 2 to 8.

Average eggs per season: 3-6.

Range time to hatching: 22 to 29 days.

Average time to hatching: 24 days.

Range fledging age: 10 to 25 days.

Average fledging age: 14 days.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 1 (low) years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 1 (low) years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); oviparous

Average eggs per season: 4.

Both parents incubate the eggs and feed the nestlings by dropping food into the nest. Once the eggs hatch, parents remove the eggshells from the nest. Both parents brood their altricial young continuously until the hatchlings are 10 days old. From 10 to 14 days, only one parent is present in the nest to brood the young. After 10 days, parents are only in the nest 50% of the time. However, when storms occur, the young are brooded continuously. During the first five days after hatching, parents feed their young by regurgitating food onto the nest floor for the hatchlings to eat. Sometimes the parents' bill is placed directly into the hatchlings' mouth and food is regurgitated. The younger nestlings are fed before the older hatchlings. Adults keep the nest clean by dumping waste over the sides of the nest.

Parental Investment: no parental involvement; altricial ; pre-fertilization; pre-hatching/birth (Protecting: Male, Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female)

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Weslosky, A. 2002. "Egretta thula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Egretta_thula.html
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Andrea Weslosky, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Egretta thula

provided by DC Birds Brief Summaries

Smaller (20-27 inches) than North America’s other light-colored herons and egrets, the Snowy Egret is most easily identified by its black bill, black legs, yellow feet, and regal breeding plumes. Other field marks include an all-white body, short tail, and small yellow skin patch on the face. Male and female Snowy Egrets are similar to one another in all seasons. The Snowy Egret breeds along the east coast of the United States north to Maine and locally in the interior southeast and west. Coastal birds are non-migratory, while interior birds migrate to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, the Pacific coast of California and in the interior from northern Mexico south to Panama. Other non-migratory populations occur along both coasts of Mexico and Central America as well as in the West Indies. Snowy Egrets live in and around small bodies of water. In summer, Snowy Egrets nest in colonies, called ‘rookeries,’ in trees surrounding lakes and ponds. This species utilizes similar habitats during the winter. Snowy Egrets mainly eat fish, but may also take crustaceans and small vertebrates (such as frogs, lizards, and mice) when the opportunity arises. Snowy Egrets may be best observed wading in shallow water, where they may be seen plunging their bills into the water to catch fish. It is also possible to see Snowy Egrets at their rookeries, especially when they return to roost at sunset, or while flying with their feet extended and their necks pulled in. Snowy Egrets are primarily active during the day.

Threat Status: Least Concern

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Reid Rumelt

Egretta thula

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Smaller (20-27 inches) than North America’s other light-colored herons and egrets, the Snowy Egret is most easily identified by its black bill, black legs, yellow feet, and regal breeding plumes. Other field marks include an all-white body, short tail, and small yellow skin patch on the face. Male and female Snowy Egrets are similar to one another in all seasons. The Snowy Egret breeds along the east coast of the United States north to Maine and locally in the interior southeast and west. Coastal birds are non-migratory, while interior birds migrate to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, the Pacific coast of California and in the interior from northern Mexico south to Panama. Other non-migratory populations occur along both coasts of Mexico and Central America as well as in the West Indies. Snowy Egrets live in and around small bodies of water. In summer, Snowy Egrets nest in colonies, called ‘rookeries,’ in trees surrounding lakes and ponds. This species utilizes similar habitats during the winter. Snowy Egrets mainly eat fish, but may also take crustaceans and small vertebrates (such as frogs, lizards, and mice) when the opportunity arises. Snowy Egrets may be best observed wading in shallow water, where they may be seen plunging their bills into the water to catch fish. It is also possible to see Snowy Egrets at their rookeries, especially when they return to roost at sunset, or while flying with their feet extended and their necks pulled in. Snowy Egrets are primarily active during the day.

References

  • Egretta thula. Xeno-canto. Xeno-canto Foundation, n.d. Web. 20 July 2012.
  • Parsons, Katharine C. and Terry L. Master. 2000. Snowy Egret (Egretta thula), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/489
  • Snowy Egret (Egretta thula). The Internet Bird Collection. Lynx Edicions, n.d. Web. 20 July 2012.
  • eBird Range Map - Snowy Egret. eBird. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, N.d. Web. 20 July 2012.

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Rumelt, Reid B. Egretta thula. June-July 2012. Brief natural history summary of Egretta thula. Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.
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Robert Costello (kearins)
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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Chile Central
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Diagnostic Description ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Localidad del tipo: Chili = Chile.
Depositario del tipo:
Recolector del tipo:
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Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
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The Nature Conservancy
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Diagnostic Description ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Mide 61 cm. y pesa 313 grs. El plumaje siempre es blanco por completo; el contraste entre las patas negras y los dedos amarillos es diagnóstico. En el adulto el pico es negro y delgado, la piel de la cara es amarilla contrastante, y las plumas son alargadas y adornadas como con encaje en la cabeza, el pecho y espalda (más largas y llamativas en la época reproductiva). El iris es amarillo. En los ejemplares inmaduros la parte interior y posterior de las patas es amarillo oliváceo; se reduce el contraste con los dedos amarillos. No presentan plumas alargadas. Los inmaduros de Egretta caerulea exhiben un color diferente en la piel de la cara, pico, patas y dedos.

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The Nature Conservancy
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Reproduction ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Su nido consiste en una plataforma hecha de palitos con una leve depresión en el centro, forrada con palitos más delgados. Se encuentra ubicado sobre un mangle u otro árbol cerca del agua, a una altura de 2 a 4 m. Ponen de 3 a 4 huevos de color verde claro azulado. Se reproducen de mayo a agosto.

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Trophic Strategy ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Forrajean en grupos y conducen a los peces con movimientos coordinados; luego agitan el agua y se zambullen para atrapar a su presa. Establecen territorios espaciados de alimentación en las partes superficiales a lo largo de las márgenes de ríos o lagos, donde el agua es profunda..

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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Distribucion en Costa Rica: Es una especie residente de invierno localmente común en las partes bajas de las dos vertientes; asciende a veces hasta los 700 m. y en raras ocasiones a mayor altura. Es una residente de verano de poco común a rara, sobre todo las aves de primer año. Existen pequeñas cantidades que anidan en colonias grandes de la "garza del ganado" (Bubulcus ibis), en la cuenca baja del río Tempisque y probablemente en algunos otros sitios.


Distribucion General: Se encuentra del norte de E.U.A. hasta el norte de Argentina; las aves del norte inviernan en gran parte de América Central.

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Behavior ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Con frecuencia duermen en grupos comunales.

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Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
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Cyclicity ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Es una especie migratoria neártica (ver Distribución en Costa Rica). Asimismo, efectúa movimientos estacionales pronunciados, relacionados con cambios en el nivel del agua en su hábitat.

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Habitat ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Se encuentran en pantanos, lagos, charcas de agua salada, zonas intermareales y en los esteros.

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Sneeuwitreier ( Afrikaans )

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Die Sneeuwitreier (Egretta thula) is 'n voël en swerwer wat selde in Suid-Afrika voorkom. Die voël is 56 – 60 cm groot en weeg 350 - 450 g. Hulle kom natuurlik voor in Amerika.

Sneeuwitreiers is al twee keer gevind in Kaapstad. Die eerste keer dat dié mediumgrootte reier in Suid-Afrika gesien is, was in 2002 by Zandvlei in Muizenberg. Die tweede Sneeuwitreier is op die 8ste Junie 2015 opgemerk in die Swartrivier by die afrit na Berkeley-weg op die M5.

In Engels staan die voël bekend as Snowy egret.

Fotogalery

Sien ook

Bron

Verwysings

  1. BirdLife International (2012). "Egretta thula". IUCN Rooilys van Bedreigde Spesies. Weergawe 2012.1. Internasionale Unie vir die Bewaring van die Natuur. Besoek op 16 Julie 2012.
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Sneeuwitreier: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Die Sneeuwitreier (Egretta thula) is 'n voël en swerwer wat selde in Suid-Afrika voorkom. Die voël is 56 – 60 cm groot en weeg 350 - 450 g. Hulle kom natuurlik voor in Amerika.

Sneeuwitreiers is al twee keer gevind in Kaapstad. Die eerste keer dat dié mediumgrootte reier in Suid-Afrika gesien is, was in 2002 by Zandvlei in Muizenberg. Die tweede Sneeuwitreier is op die 8ste Junie 2015 opgemerk in die Swartrivier by die afrit na Berkeley-weg op die M5.

In Engels staan die voël bekend as Snowy egret.

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Egretta thula ( Asturian )

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Egretta thula, tamién conocida como garceta nivosa, garcita blanca, garza dedo doraos, garza chica o chusmita ye una especie d'ave pelecaniforme de la familia Ardeidae[2][3] mesma d'América.

Distribución

 src=
Comparanza del tamañu de la garza blanca (Egretta thula) muncho más pequeña cola garza real (Ardea alba) muncho más grande nel sur de Nueva Jersey.

Ye nativa d'América, dende Canadá a Arxentina y Chile. Divagante n'Islandia, Portugal, Sudáfrica, Reinu Xuníu, Samoa Xeorxa del Sur y Sandwich del Sur.[1]

Carauterístiques

El plumaxe d'un blancu puru d'esta especie y les delicaes plumes que cuelguen de la so cabeza, pescuezu y envés, tienen xusta fama pola so guapura. Dambos sexos adquieren esta coloración de primeres de la estación de cría, y erizan les sos plumes pa esibise nel nial. Fora d'esta temporada, ye una garza pequeña blanca, de picu negru y pies mariellu brillante.

 src=
Plumaxe nupcial.

Comportamientu

Suel vivir en marjales d'agües duces o salaes. Aliméntase de día, corriquiando en busca de pexes y pequeños animales. Dacuando xurga'l fondu de l'agua colos sos pies, pa faer salir a les sos preses. Axuntar en grandes bandaes pa dormir sobre los árboles, onde añera en colonies.

Subespecies

Conócense dos subespecies de Egretta thula:[2]

Taxonomía

Egretta thula describióse por Juan Ignacio Molina y publicada en Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili. Nella stamperia de S. Tommaso d' Aquino, pp. 235, 344, nel añu 1782.

Etimoloxía

Egretta: del francés aigrette, una garceta.

Thula: epítetu del nome mapuche de l'ave, trüla.

Sinonimia
  • Ardea thula (Molina), 1782
  • Egretta candidissima (Gosse), 1847
  • Ardea candidissima (J. F. Gmelin), 1789

Referencies

  1. 1,0 1,1 BirdLife International. «Egretta thula» (inglés). Llista Roxa d'especies amenazaes de la UICN 2010.4.
  2. 2,0 2,1 Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2010. The Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.5. Cornell University Press. Downloadable from Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  3. Peterson, A. P. 2010. Birds of the World -- current valid scientific avian names. Consultáu en Xineru de 2011.

Enllaces esternos

Protonotaria-citrea-002 edit.jpg Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Egretta thula: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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Egretta thula

Egretta thula, tamién conocida como garceta nivosa, garcita blanca, garza dedo doraos, garza chica o chusmita ye una especie d'ave pelecaniforme de la familia Ardeidae mesma d'América.

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Egretta thula ( Breton )

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Egretta thula[1] a zo ur spesad evned eus kerentiad an Ardeidae.

Doareoù pennañ

Anavezadus-mat eo al labous en abeg da vizied melen e bavioù.

Boued

Annez hag isspesadoù

 src=
  • ██ Tachenn ouennañ,
  • ██ Tachenn badus,
  • ██ Tachenn c'hoañvin.
  • Al labous a vev an daou isspesad anezhañ[2]Egretta thula brewsteri hag Egretta thula thula — en Amerika.

    Notennoù ha daveennoù

    1. N'en deus al labous anv boutin ebet testeniekaet e brezhoneg evit poent.
    2. Egretta thula war al lec'hienn Avibase.
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    Egretta thula: Brief Summary ( Breton )

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    Egretta thula a zo ur spesad evned eus kerentiad an Ardeidae.

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    Martinet blanc americà ( Catalan; Valencian )

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    El martinet blanc americà[1] (Egretta thula) és un ocell de la família dels ardèids (Ardeidae) que habita aiguamolls, llacs, estanys, llacunes i manglars d'ambdues Amèriques. Habita gran part de l'est i oest dels Estats Units, Amèrica Central, Antilles i gran part de Sud-amèrica fins al centre de Xile i de l'Argentina, faltant de la serralada dels Andes. Les poblacions septentrionals migren cap al sud a l'hivern.

    Referències

     src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Martinet blanc americà Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
    1. El martinet blanc americà a CERCATERM Rev. 03/12/2011 (català)


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    Martinet blanc americà: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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    El martinet blanc americà (Egretta thula) és un ocell de la família dels ardèids (Ardeidae) que habita aiguamolls, llacs, estanys, llacunes i manglars d'ambdues Amèriques. Habita gran part de l'est i oest dels Estats Units, Amèrica Central, Antilles i gran part de Sud-amèrica fins al centre de Xile i de l'Argentina, faltant de la serralada dels Andes. Les poblacions septentrionals migren cap al sud a l'hivern.

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    Crëyr eirwyn ( Welsh )

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    Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Crëyr eirwyn (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: crehyrod eirwyn) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Egretta thula; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Snowy egret. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Crehyrod (Lladin: Ardeidae) sydd yn urdd y Ciconiformes.[1] Dyma aderyn sydd i'w gael yng ngwledydd Prydain, ond nid yng Nghymru.

    Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn E. thula, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Ne America a Gogledd America.

    Teulu

    Mae'r crëyr eirwyn yn perthyn i deulu'r Crehyrod (Lladin: Ardeidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

    Rhestr Wicidata:

    rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Aderyn bwn bach Ixobrychus exilis Aderyn bwn cefn rhesog Ixobrychus involucris
    ArdettaInvolucrisKeulemans.jpg
    Aderyn bwn du Ixobrychus flavicollis
    Black Bittern I IMG 5079.jpg
    Aderyn bwn lleiaf Ixobrychus minutus
    Ixobrychus minutus -Barcelona, Spain-8.jpg
    Aderyn bwn melynllwyd Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
    Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Jaunpur.JPG
    Aderyn bwn Schrenk Ixobrychus eurhythmus
    Ixobrychus eurhythmus by OpenCage.jpg
    Aderyn bwn Tsieina Ixobrychus sinensis
    Ixobrychus sinensis - Bueng Boraphet.jpg
    Butorides striata Butorides striata
    Butorides striata - Laem Pak Bia.jpg
    Crëyr gwyrdd Butorides virescens
    Butorides virescens2.jpg
    Crëyr rhesog cochlyd Tigrisoma lineatum
    Tigrisoma lineatum.jpg
    Crëyr rhesog gyddf-foel Tigrisoma mexicanum
    Tigrisoma mexicanum 3.jpg
    Crëyr rhesog tywyll Tigrisoma fasciatum
    Fasciated tiger heron - Flickr - Lip Kee.jpg
    Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

    Gweler hefyd

    Cyfeiriadau

    1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
    2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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    Crëyr eirwyn: Brief Summary ( Welsh )

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    Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Crëyr eirwyn (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: crehyrod eirwyn) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Egretta thula; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Snowy egret. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Crehyrod (Lladin: Ardeidae) sydd yn urdd y Ciconiformes. Dyma aderyn sydd i'w gael yng ngwledydd Prydain, ond nid yng Nghymru.

    Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn E. thula, sef enw'r rhywogaeth. Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Ne America a Gogledd America.

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    Volavka bělostná ( Czech )

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    Volavka bělostná (Egretta thula) je malý zástupce čeledi volavkovitých. Hnízdí zejména v mokřadech na jihozápadě Spojených států a v Jižní Americe. Je částečně tažná.

     src=
    Volavka bělostná během námluv

    Dorůstá 61 cm a dosahuje hmotnosti kolem 375 g. Je celá jasně bílá s černo-žlutými končetinami.

    Živí se zejména rybami, korýši a hmyzem. Hnízdí v koloniích, často i s jinými brodivými ptáky. Hnízdo v podobě velké plošiny z větví si staví na stromech nebo keřích a následně do něj klade 3-4 zelenavě modrá vejce, na kterých sedí střídavě oba rodiče. Mláďata opouští hnízdo po 20-25 dnech.

    V minulosti byla vysoce ohrožována lovem, její dlouhá ozdobná pera na svrchní části těla, která u ní hrají důležitou roli při námluvách, byla totiž oblíbenou dekorací dámských klobouků.

    Reference

    V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Snowy Egret na anglické Wikipedii.

    1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]

    Externí odkazy

    Pahýl
    Tento článek je příliš stručný nebo postrádá důležité informace.
    Pomozte Wikipedii tím, že jej vhodně rozšíříte. Nevkládejte však bez oprávnění cizí texty.
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    Volavka bělostná: Brief Summary ( Czech )

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    Volavka bělostná (Egretta thula) je malý zástupce čeledi volavkovitých. Hnízdí zejména v mokřadech na jihozápadě Spojených států a v Jižní Americe. Je částečně tažná.

     src= Volavka bělostná během námluv

    Dorůstá 61 cm a dosahuje hmotnosti kolem 375 g. Je celá jasně bílá s černo-žlutými končetinami.

    Živí se zejména rybami, korýši a hmyzem. Hnízdí v koloniích, často i s jinými brodivými ptáky. Hnízdo v podobě velké plošiny z větví si staví na stromech nebo keřích a následně do něj klade 3-4 zelenavě modrá vejce, na kterých sedí střídavě oba rodiče. Mláďata opouští hnízdo po 20-25 dnech.

    V minulosti byla vysoce ohrožována lovem, její dlouhá ozdobná pera na svrchní části těla, která u ní hrají důležitou roli při námluvách, byla totiž oblíbenou dekorací dámských klobouků.

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    Schmuckreiher ( German )

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    Der Schmuckreiher (Egretta thula) ist eine Vogelart aus der Familie der Reiher (Ardeidae).

    Merkmale

    Der Schmuckreiher hat eine Größe von etwa 56 bis 66 Zentimeter. Seine Flügelspannweite beträgt um die 100 Zentimeter. Zwischen Männchen und Weibchen besteht kein Unterschied in der Größe. Auch die Gefiederfarbe ist gleich. Das Federkleid ist schneeweiß. Ihre langen schmalen Schnäbel und die Beine sind schwarz; die Füße haben eine hellgelbe Farbe. Während der Brutzeit tragen Schmuckreiher am Rücken lange fransige Schmuckfedern, die dem Vogel seinen Namen gaben. Zwischen den Augen und dem Schnabel befindet sich ein gelber Bereich, der sich in der Brutzeit rötlich verfärbt. Auch die Füße verfärben sich zu einem orangen Ton.

    Verbreitung

    Die Brutgebiete des Schmuckreihers befinden sich in Nordamerika. Kleine Populationen brüten auch in Kanada und Alaska. Im Winter zieht er nach Mittel- und Südamerika und bewohnt bevorzugt flache Buchten und Mangroven. Weitere Winterquartiere befinden sich in der Karibik.

    Fortpflanzung

     src=
    Schmuckreiher am Nest

    Schmuckreiher brüten in der Regel im März oder im frühen April in großen Kolonien in Sumpfgebieten oder an Küsten und Seen, häufig zusammen mit anderen Reiherarten oder Watvögeln. Ihre flachen Nester legen sie auf Bäumen oder Sträuchern an. Ein Gelege umfasst drei bis vier grünlichblaue Eier, die in einem Zeitraum von drei bis vier Wochen ausgebrütet werden. Bei dem Brutgeschäft wechseln sich Männchen und Weibchen gegenseitig ab.

    Nahrung

     src=
    Schmuckreiher

    Bei ihrer Nahrungssuche waten sie durch flaches Wasser und erbeuten Fische, Frösche und Kröten, Eidechsen und Schlangen. Auch Regenwürmer, Schnecken, Garnelen und Krebstiere werden nicht verschmäht.

    Systematik

    Zusammen mit dem Seidenreiher (Egretta garzetta) (Linnaeus, 1766) wird der Schmuckreiher oft als Superspezies eingeordnet. Bisher wurden folgende zwei Unterarten beschrieben, die sich durch Färbung oder Gesang unterscheiden:

    Schmuckreiher und Mensch

    Schmuckreiher waren Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts und im frühen 20. Jahrhundert in ihren Beständen enorm bedroht. Für die Herstellung von eleganten Damenhüten, die mit Federn dekoriert wurden, wurden Tausende der Vögel abgeschossen. Ein rechtzeitiges Verbot bewahrte den Schmuckreiher vor der Ausrottung. Heute sind Schmuckreiher wieder zahlreich vorzufinden.

    Literatur

    • James A. Kushlan, James A. Hancock: Herons. Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-19-854981-4.

    Weblinks

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    Schmuckreiher: Brief Summary ( German )

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    Der Schmuckreiher (Egretta thula) ist eine Vogelart aus der Familie der Reiher (Ardeidae).

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    Snježna čaplja ( Bosnian )

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     src=
    Snježna čaplja u lovu, Daytona Beach, FL

    Snježna čaplja (Egretta thula) je vrsta male bijele čaplje. Veoma je slična evropskoj maloj bijeloj čaplji. Odrasle jedinke obično narastu do 61 cm i teže oko 375 g. Nastanjuje veći dio Južne Amerike i Centralnu Ameriku, a u Sjevernoj Americi je stalni stanovnik obale Atlantika do Virginije na sjeveru te obale Pacifika od centralnog dijela Kalifornije prema jugu. Snježna čaplja se gnijezdi u kolonijama na izoliranim mjestima sa gustom vegetacijom. Tokom sezone parenja, žuti dio kljuna ispred očiju odraslih jedinki, poprima tamno-crvenu boju, a na potiljku se pojavljuje krijesta.[1] Hrane se ribama, rakovima, insektima, malim gmizavcima, žabama, puževima i crvima. Plijen love u plitkoj vodi. Na IUCN Crvenoj listi ugroženih vrsta stavljena je u kategoriju IUCN 3.1 – najmanji stepen zabrinutosti (LC).[2]

    Reference

    1. ^ "How to Identify White Herons—Excerpt from "Better Birding" Book, George L Armistead and Brian L. Sullivan". All About Birds. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Pristupljeno 11. 4. 2017.
    2. ^ "Egretta thula". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. BirdLife International. Pristupljeno 8. 4. 2017.
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    Snježna čaplja: Brief Summary ( Bosnian )

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     src= Snježna čaplja u lovu, Daytona Beach, FL

    Snježna čaplja (Egretta thula) je vrsta male bijele čaplje. Veoma je slična evropskoj maloj bijeloj čaplji. Odrasle jedinke obično narastu do 61 cm i teže oko 375 g. Nastanjuje veći dio Južne Amerike i Centralnu Ameriku, a u Sjevernoj Americi je stalni stanovnik obale Atlantika do Virginije na sjeveru te obale Pacifika od centralnog dijela Kalifornije prema jugu. Snježna čaplja se gnijezdi u kolonijama na izoliranim mjestima sa gustom vegetacijom. Tokom sezone parenja, žuti dio kljuna ispred očiju odraslih jedinki, poprima tamno-crvenu boju, a na potiljku se pojavljuje krijesta. Hrane se ribama, rakovima, insektima, malim gmizavcima, žabama, puževima i crvima. Plijen love u plitkoj vodi. Na IUCN Crvenoj listi ugroženih vrsta stavljena je u kategoriju IUCN 3.1 – najmanji stepen zabrinutosti (LC).

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    Yuraq waqar ( Quechua )

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    Yuraq waqar (Egretta thula) nisqaqa huk mayu patapi kawsaq, challwa mikhuq pisqum, huk waqarmi.

    Kaypipas qhaway

    Hawa t'inkikuna

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    Yuraq waqar: Brief Summary ( Quechua )

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    Yuraq waqar (Egretta thula) nisqaqa huk mayu patapi kawsaq, challwa mikhuq pisqum, huk waqarmi.

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    Snowy egret

    provided by wikipedia EN

    A Snowy Egret Catches a fish

    The snowy egret (Egretta thula) is a small white heron. The genus name comes from Provençal French for the little egret, aigrette, which is a diminutive of aigron, 'heron'. The species name thula is the Araucano term for the black-necked swan, applied to this species in error by Chilean naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina in 1782.[3]

    The snowy egret is the American counterpart to the very similar Old World little egret, which has become established in the Bahamas. At one time, the plumes of the snowy egret were in great demand as decorations for women's hats.[4] They were hunted for these plumes and this reduced the population of the species to dangerously low levels.[5] Now protected in the United States by law, under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, this bird's population has rebounded.

    Description

    Adult snowy egrets are entirely white apart from the yellow lores between the long black bill and the eye, black legs, and bright yellow feet. The nape and neck bear long, shaggy plumes known as aigrettes.[6] Immature snowy egrets have duller, greenish legs.

    Measurements:[7]

    • Length: 22.1–26.0 in (56–66 cm)
    • Weight: 13.1 oz (370 g)
    • Wingspan: 39.4 inches (100 cm)

    Distribution and habitat

    The snowy egret is native to North, Central and South America. It is present all year round in South America, ranging as far south as Chile and Argentina. It also occurs throughout the year in the West Indies, Florida and coastal regions of North and Central America. Elsewhere, in the southern part of the United States, it is migratory, breeding in California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi. It is found in wetlands of many types; marshes, riverbanks, lakesides, pools, salt marshes and estuaries. It is not found at high altitudes nor generally on the coast.[6] The snowy egret has occurred as a vagrant in Europe, in Iceland, Scotland and the Azores.[8] It has also been recorded in South Africa.[9]

    Diet

    The birds eat fish, crustaceans (such as crabs, shrimp and crayfish),[10] insects, small reptiles (such as lizards and snakes),[11] snails, frogs, toads[12] and worms (especially earthworms and other annelids).[13] They stalk prey in shallow water, often running or shuffling their feet, flushing prey into view by swaying their heads, flicking their wings or vibrating their bills. They may also hover, or "dip-fish" by flying with their feet just above the water surface. Snowy egrets may also stand still and wait to ambush prey, or hunt for insects stirred up by domestic animals in open fields. They sometimes forage in mixed species groups.[5]

    Breeding

    Snowy egrets breed in mixed colonies, which may include great egrets, night herons, tricolored herons, little blue herons, cattle egrets, glossy ibises and roseate spoonbills. The male establishes a territory and starts building the nest in a tree, vines or thick undergrowth. He then attracts a mate with an elaborate courtship display which includes dipping up and down, bill raising, aerial displays, diving, tumbling and calling. The immediate vicinity of the nest is defended from other birds and the female finishes the construction of the nest with materials brought by the male. It is constructed from twigs, rushes, sedges, grasses, Spanish moss and similar materials and may be 15 in (38 cm) across. Up to six pale bluish-green eggs are laid which hatch after about 24 days. The young are altricial and covered with white down when first hatched. They leave the nest after about 22 days.[5]

    Fossil finds

    Fossils of the snowy egret have been reported from the Talara tar seeps of Peru and in Bradenton in Manatee County and Haile XIB in Alachua County in Florida, United States.[2] The deposits were dated to the Late Pleistocene.[14][15][16][17]

    Status

    In the early twentieth century, the snowy egret was hunted extensively for their long breeding plumes that fashionable ladies wore on their hats. This trade was ended in 1910 in North America but continued for some time in Central and South America. Since then populations have recovered.[5] The bird has a very wide range and the total population is large. No particular threats have been recognised and the population trend seems to be upwards, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]

    Gallery

    References

    1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Egretta thula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22696974A93595536. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696974A93595536.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
    2. ^ a b c Egretta thula at Fossilworks.org
    3. ^ Jobling, 2010, p.143, 385
    4. ^ Saikku, Mikko (Autumn 1990). "The Extinction of the Carolina Parakeet". Environmental History Review. 14 (3): 9–10. doi:10.2307/3984724. JSTOR 3984724. S2CID 155475716.
    5. ^ a b c d "Snowy Egret: Life History". All About Birds. TheCornellLab. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
    6. ^ a b T. S. Schulenberg (2020). "Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)". In Poole, Alan F; Gill, Frank B (eds.). Snowy egret (Egretta thula). Cornell Lab of Ornithology: Neotropical Birds Online. doi:10.2173/bow.snoegr.01. S2CID 216257447. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
    7. ^ "Snowy Egret Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology". allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
    8. ^ "Twitchers flock to see UK's first snowy egret". The Scotsman. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
    9. ^ Melanie Gosling (12 June 2015). "Rare bird draws watchers to Cape Town". Independent Online (originally in the Cape Times). Retrieved 31 August 2021.
    10. ^ "Egretta thula (Snowy egret)".
    11. ^ "Egretta thula (Snowy egret)".
    12. ^ "Egretta thula (Snowy egret)".
    13. ^ "Egretta thula (Snowy egret)".
    14. ^ Talara tar seeps at Fossilworks.org
    15. ^ Bradenton at Fossilworks.org
    16. ^ Haile XIB at Fossilworks.org
    17. ^ Ligon, 1966

    Bibliography

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    Snowy egret: Brief Summary

    provided by wikipedia EN
    A Snowy Egret Catches a fish

    The snowy egret (Egretta thula) is a small white heron. The genus name comes from Provençal French for the little egret, aigrette, which is a diminutive of aigron, 'heron'. The species name thula is the Araucano term for the black-necked swan, applied to this species in error by Chilean naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina in 1782.

    The snowy egret is the American counterpart to the very similar Old World little egret, which has become established in the Bahamas. At one time, the plumes of the snowy egret were in great demand as decorations for women's hats. They were hunted for these plumes and this reduced the population of the species to dangerously low levels. Now protected in the United States by law, under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, this bird's population has rebounded.

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    Blanka egreto ( Esperanto )

    provided by wikipedia EO

    La Blanka egreto, konata ankaŭ kiel Neĝegreto (Egretta thula), estas malgranda blanka ardeo nome birdospecio de la familio de Ardeedoj. Ĝi estas la amerika similulo de la tre simila malnovmonda specio de la Malgranda egreto, kiu setlis ankaŭ en Bahamoj.

     src=
    Dumfluge.

    Aspekto

     src=
    Plumara memmontrado.

    Plenkreskulo estas tipe 61 cm longa (sed 56 ĝis 66 cm) kaj peza 3.75 kg kun enverguro de ĝis 100 cm; la masklo estas iomete pli granda kutime ol la ino. Ili havas sveltan nigran bekon kaj longajn nigrajn krurojn kun flavaj piedoj. La areo de la supra bekobazo antaŭ la okuloj (kies irisoj estas same flavaj) estas flava sed iĝas ruĝa dum la reprodukta sezono, kiam plenkreskuloj ankaŭ akiras kurbajn ornamajn plumojn el dorso kaj kolo, kio faras krestan efikon, kaj kompreneble ankaŭ kiel kresto. Junulo similas al plenkreskulo, sed la bekobazo estas pli pala, kaj verdeca al flava linio malsupreniras la krurojn.

    Temas pri plej ofte silentema birdospecio for de la nestokolonioj, sed povas elsendi voccon dum la nuptaj ceremonioj por altiri la inon. Kaze de minaco aŭ por defendo de la teritorio, ĝi elsendas akran kaj nazecan kvakadon.

    Disvastiĝo kaj kutimaro

    Ties reprodukta habitato estas grandaj internaj aŭ marbordaj humidejoj (mangrovejoj, rizkampoj) el malsupro de Grandaj Lagoj kaj sudokcidenta Usono al Sudameriko (ĝis Argentino kaj Ĉilio en kies Andoj ĝi povas esti vidata ĉe ĝis 4,000 m super marnivelo). Estas reproduktaj populacio nek en Kanado nek en Alasko. La reprodukta teritorio en orienta Nordameriko etendas laŭlonge de la marbordoj de Atlantiko kaj de la Meksika Golfo el Majno al Teksaso, kaj interne laŭlonge de ĉefaj riveroj kaj lagoj. Ĝi estas vaganta ankaŭ en Islando, Portugalio, Sudafriko, Granda Britio, Samoo Sud-Georgio kaj Sud-Sandviĉinsuloj.[1]

    En pli varmaj lokoj, kelkaj Blankaj egretoj estas loĝantaj birdoj; dum nordaj populacioj migras al Centrameriko kaj Karibio. Ili povas vagadi norde post la reprodukta sezono, tre rare entrante al okcidenta Eŭropo — la unua birdo estis vidata en Britio vintre, nome en Skotlando el 2001–2002.

    Ili ariĝas en grandaj grupoj por ripozi nokte ĉe arboj, kie ili nestumas en kolonioj. Fuĝas el eventualaj predantoj perfluge. Ĝi flugas kiel plej ardeoj havante kunfalditan kolon kaj etendajn krurojn.

    Ili povas vivi ĝis 22 jarojn.

    Subspecioj

    Oni konas du subspeciojn de Egretta thula:[2]

    Manĝo

     src=
    Kaptante.

    Tiuj birdoj manĝas dumtage (sed ĉefe krepuske aŭ frumatene) fiŝojn (75%), krustulojn, insektojn kaj malgrandajn reptiliojn. Ii gvatas predon en neprofunda akvo, ofte kuretante aŭ trenante piedojn por elpeli predon al vido, same kiel povas fiŝopluki per malalta flugado tenante siajn piedojn ĝuste super akvo. La Blankaj egretoj povas ankaŭ stare senmove kaj gvatatende predon, aŭ ĉasi insektojn movigitajn de hejmaj bestoj en malferma kamparo. Ili povas manĝi ankaŭ grupe kun aliaj specioj. Ili ĉasas ĉefe stare rekte, havante flugilojn fermite kio helpas ŝanĝi rapide la direkton pur kapti siajn predojn. Ili povas veturi tri kilometrojn inter la kolonio kaj la manĝoteritorio.

    Reproduktado

     src=
    Kun idoj

    Ili nestumas en kolonioj, ofte kun aliaj vadbirdoj, kutime sur platformoj el bastonetoj en arboj aŭ arbustoj. La reprodukta sezono komencas fine de marto al komenco de aprilo, kiam la masklo plenumas nuptajn flugojn, kaj elsendas voccojn por altiri la inon. La plej komuna ceremonio konsistas el fakto ke la masklo ŝveligas sian korpon, kaj faras movojn el supro malsupren, havante la bekon indike al la ĉielo. Li lanĉas tiam krion kiu allogas sian partneron. La ŝanĝo de koloro ĉe la fingroj indikas la komencon de la pariĝado. La reproduktaj plenkreskuloj karakteras ankaŭ pro la longaj ornamaj silkecaj plumoj. Post kiam la paro formiĝis, li kaŭras kaj eventuale, konstruas la neston por sia idaro. Tiu ardeo estas tres gregema, kaj konstruas sian neston tute ĉe tiuj de aliaj ardeoj kaj egretoj. La kopulacio okazas en la nesto, sen prepara ceremonio.

    Ties ebenaj, neprofundaj nestoj estas farataj el bastonetoj kaj kovrataj el fajnaj branĉeretoj kaj kareksoj ĉu surgrunde ĝis 8 m supergrunde. La ino demetas 3 al 6 verdecbluajn, ovalformajn ovojn kiuj estas kovataj de ambaŭ gepatroj. Du semajnojn post eloviĝo la idoj akiras sian unuan plumaron. La elnestiĝo okazas post 20 al 25 tagoj kaj la junuloj saltetas inter branĉoj ĉe la nesto antaxu finfine ekflugi. Maturiĝo okazas post 1 aŭ 2 jaroj.

    Populacioj

    Iam la belaj plumoj de la Blanka egreto estis ege komercpetataj de ĉaskomercistoj kiel ornamaĵoj por la porvirinaj ĉapeloj. Tio malpliigis la populacion de la specio ĝis danĝere malaltaj niveloj. Poste kemia poluado kaj degradado de la habitato pro sekigado de humidejoj, estas du ĉefaj minacoj. Nune protektitaj en Usono per leĝe, sub laŭ la Traktato de Migrantaj Birdoj, la populacio de tiu birdospecio rekuperiĝis.

    Kutimaj predantoj estas noktaj rabobirdoj, agloj, venenaj serpentoj, lavursoj, korakoj kaj aligatoroj.

    En kulturo

    Estas poŝtmarkoj dediĉitaj al tiu birdospecioj almenaŭ en 13 landoj.[3]

    Bildaro

    Referencoj

    1. iucn
    2. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, kaj C. L. Wood. 2010. The Clements checklist of birds of the world: Versio 6.5. Cornell University Press. Elŝutebla el Laboratorio Cornell de Ornitologio
    3. Bird stamps kun mapo

    Bibliografio

    Vidu ankaŭ

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    Blanka egreto: Brief Summary ( Esperanto )

    provided by wikipedia EO

    La Blanka egreto, konata ankaŭ kiel Neĝegreto (Egretta thula), estas malgranda blanka ardeo nome birdospecio de la familio de Ardeedoj. Ĝi estas la amerika similulo de la tre simila malnovmonda specio de la Malgranda egreto, kiu setlis ankaŭ en Bahamoj.

     src= Dumfluge.
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    Egretta thula ( Spanish; Castilian )

    provided by wikipedia ES

    La garceta nívea (Egretta thula), también conocida como garceta nivosa, garcita blanca, garza dedos dorados, garza chica o chusmita es una especie de ave pelecaniforme de la familia Ardeidae[3][4]​ propia de América.

    Distribución

     src=
    Garceta nivea, Humedal Batuco
     src=
    Comparación del tamaño de la garza blanca (Egretta thula) mucho más pequeña con la garza real (Ardea alba) mucho más grande en el sur de Nueva Jersey.

    Es nativa de América, desde Canadá a Argentina y Chile. Divagante en Islandia, Portugal, Sudáfrica, Reino Unido, Samoa Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur.[1]

    Características

    El plumaje de un blanco puro de esta especie y las delicadas plumas que cuelgan de su cabeza, cuello y dorso, tienen justa fama por su belleza. Ambos sexos adquieren esta coloración al principio de la estación de cría, y erizan sus plumas para exhibirse en el nido. Fuera de esta temporada, es una garza pequeña blanca, de pico negro y pies amarillo brillante.

     src=
    Plumaje nupcial.

    Comportamiento

    Suele vivir en manglares de aguas dulces o saladas. Se alimenta de día, correteando en busca de peces y pequeños animales. A veces hurga el fondo del agua con sus pies, para hacer salir a sus presas. Se reúne en grandes bandadas para dormir sobre los árboles, donde anida en colonias.

    Subespecies

    Se conocen dos subespecies de Egretta thula:[3]

    Taxonomía

    Egretta thula fue descrita por Juan Ignacio Molina y publicada en Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili. Nella stamperia de S. Tommaso d' Aquino, pp. 235, 344, en el año 1782.

    Etimología

    Egretta: del francés aigrette, una garceta.

    Thula: epíteto del nombre mapuche del ave, trüla.

    Sinonimia
    • Ardea thula (Molina), 1782
    • Egretta candidissima (Gosse), 1847
    • Ardea candidissima (J. F. Gmelin), 1789

    Referencias

    1. a b BirdLife International (2009). «Egretta thula». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2010.4 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 20 de noviembre de 2010.
    2. Molina, J. I. (1782). «Saggio sulla storia naturale de Chili». Disponible en Biblioteca Digital - Real Jardín Botánico - CSIC (en italiano). 367 pp. (Boloña: Stamperia di S. Tomaso d'Aquino). p. 235.
    3. a b Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2010. The Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.5. Cornell University Press. Downloadable from Cornell Lab of Ornithology
    4. Peterson, A. P. 2010. Birds of the World -- current valid scientific avian names. Consultado en enero de 2011.
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    Egretta thula: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

    provided by wikipedia ES

    La garceta nívea (Egretta thula), también conocida como garceta nivosa, garcita blanca, garza dedos dorados, garza chica o chusmita es una especie de ave pelecaniforme de la familia Ardeidae​​ propia de América.

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    Elur-koartzatxo ( Basque )

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    Elur-koartzatxoa (Egretta thula) Egretta generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Ardeidae familian sailkatua dago. Generoaren izena frantsesetik dator, aigrette hitzetik; hau aigron edo lertxun hitzaren diminutiboa da. Espezie hau Ameriketako laku, urmael eta mangalaretan bizi da. Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako ekialde zein mendebaldean aurki daiteke, baita Ertamerikan, Antilletan eta Hego Amerikan, Txile eta Argentinaraino. Andeetan ezin da aurkitu.

    Erreferentziak

    1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
    2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

    Ikus, gainera

    (RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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    Elur-koartzatxo: Brief Summary ( Basque )

    provided by wikipedia EU

    Elur-koartzatxoa (Egretta thula) Egretta generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Ardeidae familian sailkatua dago. Generoaren izena frantsesetik dator, aigrette hitzetik; hau aigron edo lertxun hitzaren diminutiboa da. Espezie hau Ameriketako laku, urmael eta mangalaretan bizi da. Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako ekialde zein mendebaldean aurki daiteke, baita Ertamerikan, Antilletan eta Hego Amerikan, Txile eta Argentinaraino. Andeetan ezin da aurkitu.

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    Lumihaikara ( Finnish )

    provided by wikipedia FI

    Lumihaikara (Egretta thula) on haikaralintu.

    Tuntomerkit

    Lumihaikara on 55-65 senttimetriä pitkä. Se on väritykseltään valkoinen ja muistuttaa paljon silkkihaikaraa. Nilkat ovat tummat, mutta varpaat ja nilkan alaosa takaa ovat voimakkaan keltaiset. Joskus myös nilkan etupuolen alaosat ovat keltaiset, kun taas silkkihaikaran nilkat ovat aina kokonaan tummat. Kesäisin vanhoilla yksilöillö on niskatöyhtö, joka on silkkihaikaran töyhtöä tuuheampi ja lyhyempi.[2]

    Levinneisyys

    Lumihaikaroita elää Pohjois- ja Etelä-Amerikassa. Lajin kannankehitys on kasvava ja laji on luokiteltu elinvoimaiseksi.[1] Harhailijoita on tavattu Isossa-Britanniassa ja Islannissa.[2]

    Lähteet

    1. a b c BirdLife International: Egretta thula IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. 2012. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 25.3.2014. (englanniksi)
    2. a b Svensson, Lars: Lintuopas - Euroopan ja Välimeren alueen linnut, s. 410. Otava, 2010. ISBN 978-951-1-21351-2.
    Tämä lintuihin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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    Lumihaikara: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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    Lumihaikara (Egretta thula) on haikaralintu.

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    Aigrette neigeuse ( French )

    provided by wikipedia FR

    Egretta thula

    L'Aigrette neigeuse (Egretta thula) est une espèce d'oiseaux appartenant à la famille des Ardeidae. Elle se distingue par ses pieds jaunes.

    Description

    Mensurations

    L’Aigrette neigeuse est une aigrette de taille moyenne, dotée d’une silhouette délicate.

    Cet oiseau mesure de 56 à 66 cm. Le mâle est en général un peu plus grand que la femelle. Son envergure s'étend de 90 à 105 cm. Il pèse environ 370 g[1]. Sa longévité peut atteindre 22 ans[2].

    Aspect général

    Son plumage est entièrement blanc. Le bec est long, noir et mince, avec la base jaune vif, allant d’un œil à l’autre sur la partie supérieure. Les pattes sont longues, fines et noires, les doigts sont jaune vif. Les yeux sont jaunes. Les adultes en plumage nuptial développent de longues plumes soyeuses sur la poitrine, ainsi que sur la calotte. Les doigts changent de couleur, passant du jaune vif à l’orange. Les immatures ont l’arrière des pattes jaunâtre et non noir.

    Répartition

    Cet oiseau peuple le continent américain mais a une aire de distribution presque continue en Amérique centrale et en Amérique du Sud : Canada, États-Unis, Anguilla, Antigua-et-Barbuda, Argentine, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbade, Belize, Bermudes, Bolivie, Brésil, Îles Caïmans, Chili, Colombie, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominique... Il n'est qu'occasionnel en Europe et en Afrique[1].

    Habitat

    En Guyane, elle occupe différents biotopes tels que vasières, lagunes du littoral, marais d'eau douce et criques forestières de l'intérieur.

    L’Aigrette neigeuse préfère en général les eaux peu profondes des criques ou des bras de mer pour se nourrir. Les mares salées, les zones de marées, les baies peu profondes et les mangroves sont, entre autres, ses habitats préférés en Amérique du Nord. Les zones les plus communes se situent entre les côtes et les îles, à cause de la constante disponibilité des sources de nourriture. Elle hiverne dans les Caraïbes, où elle retrouve l’habitat qui lui convient, lagons salés, mares d’eau douce, étangs herbeux, plages, zones rocheuses peu profondes, rizières et prairies humides. À travers l’Amérique centrale, elle préfère les basses terres près des eaux douces, les lacs et les grandes embouchures. En Amérique du Sud, elle vit dans les mangroves côtières, les vasières et les marais plutôt que dans les zones plus élevées. Cependant, on la trouve régulièrement jusqu’à 4 000 mètres d’altitude dans les Andes péruviennes.

    L’Aigrette neigeuse vivant en Amérique du Nord migre vers le sud en hiver, et effectue des dispersions après la nidification.

    Vol

    L’Aigrette neigeuse utilise le vol pour échapper aux prédateurs terrestres. Son attitude en vol est celle de toutes les aigrettes et des hérons aussi, le cou replié, la tête droite, et les pattes étendues à l’arrière.

    Alimentation

    L’aigrette neigeuse se nourrit de vers de terre, insectes aquatiques et terrestres, crabes, crevettes, écrevisses, coquillages, poissons, grenouilles, crapauds, lézards et serpents. Elle consomme en général 75 % de poissons pour 25 % de crustacés.

    Voix

    L’aigrette neigeuse est habituellement silencieuse loin des colonies pendant la période de reproduction. Elle émet quelques vocalises pendant la parade nuptiale pour attirer la femelle. Quand elle est menacée, ou pour défendre son territoire, elle lance un « squawk » criard et nasillard.

    Comportement

    La reproduction commence fin mars/début avril, quand l’aigrette neigeuse mâle effectue ses vols nuptiaux, et émet des vocalises pour attirer la femelle. Le comportement nuptial le plus commun voit le mâle gonfler son corps, et faire des mouvements de haut en bas, avec le bec pointé vers le ciel. Il lance alors un cri qui attire sa partenaire. Le changement de couleur des doigts indique le début de la parade. Les adultes nicheurs sont aussi caractérisés par leurs longues plumes délicates. Dès que le couple est formé, il s’accouple, et éventuellement, construit un nid pour sa progéniture. L’aigrette neigeuse est très grégaire, et construit son nid tout près de celui des autres aigrettes et hérons. L’accouplement a lieu dans le nid, sans rituel préliminaire. Elle se nourrit en groupe avec d’autres espèces. Elle picore en marchant lentement ou rapidement, elle peut courir, sauter, fouiller en « dérangeant » ses proies qu’elle poursuit ensuite. Elle marche en se tenant bien droite, les ailes collées au corps. Cette posture est idéale pour se nourrir parce qu’elle lui permet de changer rapidement de direction pour attraper ses proies. Elle pêche plutôt au crépuscule ou tôt le matin. Elle peut parcourir trois kilomètres entre la colonie et son aire de nourrissage.

    Nidification

    L’aigrette neigeuse femelle construit le nid sur le territoire défendu par le mâle. Le couple niche dans les zones isolées autour des estuaires, et le nid peut-être installé soit sur le sol, soit à une hauteur de 8 à 10 mètres dans un arbre. Il se compose de tiges et de branchettes entremêlées, collectées sur le sol par la femelle ou volées dans un autre nid. L’aigrette neigeuse peut aussi utiliser un vieux nid. La femelle dépose 3 à 6 œufs, d’une couleur bleu verdâtre clair. L’incubation dure environ 24 jours, assurée par les deux parents. Les poussins ont leur premier plumage deux semaines après la naissance. Le couple les nourrit en apportant la nourriture au nid. Les jeunes sont nourris continuellement pendant dix jours. Pendant les cinq premiers jours de leur vie, ils sont nourris par régurgitation au fond du nid. Parfois, l’un des parents place son bec dans celui d’un jeune et régurgite. Le plus jeune est nourri avant les autres. Ensuite, les parents passent la moitié du temps hors du nid, mais s’il fait mauvais temps, les petits sont couvés aussi longtemps qu’il le faut. Les parents débarrassent le nid des coquilles d’œufs, et le gardent propre en éjectant les déchets par-dessus bord. Les jeunes atteignent leur maturité sexuelle à l’âge de un ou deux ans.

    Population et conservation

    L’Aigrette neigeuse a des prédateurs tels que les rapaces nocturnes, les aigles, les serpents venimeux, les ratons laveurs, le corbeau américain et l’alligator. Elle a une connaissance innée des serpents venimeux qui lui permet bien souvent d’échapper à leur morsure. Il semble que la chasse perdure en Amérique centrale et en Amérique du Sud, en raison de la demande européenne de plumes pour les ornements. La pollution chimique et la dégradation de son habitat par l’assèchement des zones humides, sont deux menaces importantes pour cette espèce. Fort heureusement, la population d’aigrettes neigeuses d’Amérique du Nord s’est reconstituée, grâce à des mesures de protection de l’espèce.

    Galerie

    Références

    1. a et b (en) KATHARINE C. PARSONS et TERRY L. MASTER, « Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) », The Birds of North America Online,‎ 2000 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 18 janvier 2019)
    2. « Snowy egret (Egretta thula) longevity, ageing, and life history », sur genomics.senescence.info (consulté le 18 janvier 2019)
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    Aigrette neigeuse: Brief Summary ( French )

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    Egretta thula

    L'Aigrette neigeuse (Egretta thula) est une espèce d'oiseaux appartenant à la famille des Ardeidae. Elle se distingue par ses pieds jaunes.

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    Egretta thula ( Italian )

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    La garzetta nivea (Egretta thula (Molina, 1782)), è un uccello della famiglia degli Ardeidi, diffuso nel continente americano.[2]

    Note

    1. ^ (EN) BirdLife International. 2016, Egretta thula, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 2 aprile 2017.
    2. ^ (EN) Gill F. and Donsker D. (eds), Family Ardeidae, in IOC World Bird Names (ver 9.2), International Ornithologists’ Union, 2019. URL consultato il 2 aprile 2017.

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    Egretta thula: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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    La garzetta nivea (Egretta thula (Molina, 1782)), è un uccello della famiglia degli Ardeidi, diffuso nel continente americano.

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    Snieginis garnys ( Lithuanian )

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    Binomas Egretta thula

    Snieginis garnys (lot. Egretta thula, angl. Snowy Egret, vok. Schmuckreiher) – garninių (Ardeidae) šeimos paukštis. Tai amerikietiškas mažojo baltojo garnio antrininkas.

    Suaugę paprastai būna 61 cm ilgio ir sveria 375 g. Snapas siauras, juodas, kojos ilgos, juodos su geltonomis pėdomis. Viršutinė snapo dalis, ties akimis, – geltona, bet paraudonuoja poravimosi sezono metu. Tada suaugusiems taip pat padaugėja nugaros plunksnų, dėl ko paukščiai atrodo pasišiaušę.

    Veisiasi plačiame sausumos bei pelkių plote, nuo Didžiųjų ežerų bei JAV pietvakarių iki Pietų Amerikos, rytinėje Šiaurės Amerikos dalyje – išilgai vandenyno krantų nuo Meino iki Teksaso, bei sausumoje prie didesnių upių bei ežerų. Suka lizdus kolonijomis, neretai su kitais balų paukščiais, paprastai medžiuose ir krūmuose. Snieginių gandrų lizdai būna plokšti ir negilūs, iš pagaliukų, padengtų šakelėmis ir nendrėmis. Kiaušiniai žalsvai mėlyni, ovalūs, trys arba keturi lizde. Jaunikliai palieka lizdą po 20-25 dienų ir šokinėja netolimose šakose prieš galutinai išskrisdami.

    Šiltesnėse vietovėse snieginiai garniai gyvena pastoviai; šiaurinės populiacijos migruoja į Centrinę Ameriką ir Karibus. Po veisimosi sezono gali skristi į Šiaurę, retkarčiais nuklysdami į vakarų Europą.

    Snieginiai garniai minta žuvimi, vėžiagyviais, vabzdžiais. Maistą medžioja sekliame vandenyje, tiek krypuodami vandenyje, kojomis drumsdami vandenį, kol grobis matomas, tiek skrisdami virš vandens, taip pat gali tykoti grobio.

    Snieginiai gandrai yra buvę paklausūs dėl gražių plunksnų ir buvo medžiojami prekybai (moteriškų skrybėlių papuošimui), dėl ko pavojingai sumažėjo jų skaičiai. Šiuo metu saugomi įstatymo ir populiacija atsistačiusi.


    Vikiteka

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    Snieginis garnys: Brief Summary ( Lithuanian )

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    Snieginis garnys (lot. Egretta thula, angl. Snowy Egret, vok. Schmuckreiher) – garninių (Ardeidae) šeimos paukštis. Tai amerikietiškas mažojo baltojo garnio antrininkas.

    Suaugę paprastai būna 61 cm ilgio ir sveria 375 g. Snapas siauras, juodas, kojos ilgos, juodos su geltonomis pėdomis. Viršutinė snapo dalis, ties akimis, – geltona, bet paraudonuoja poravimosi sezono metu. Tada suaugusiems taip pat padaugėja nugaros plunksnų, dėl ko paukščiai atrodo pasišiaušę.

    Veisiasi plačiame sausumos bei pelkių plote, nuo Didžiųjų ežerų bei JAV pietvakarių iki Pietų Amerikos, rytinėje Šiaurės Amerikos dalyje – išilgai vandenyno krantų nuo Meino iki Teksaso, bei sausumoje prie didesnių upių bei ežerų. Suka lizdus kolonijomis, neretai su kitais balų paukščiais, paprastai medžiuose ir krūmuose. Snieginių gandrų lizdai būna plokšti ir negilūs, iš pagaliukų, padengtų šakelėmis ir nendrėmis. Kiaušiniai žalsvai mėlyni, ovalūs, trys arba keturi lizde. Jaunikliai palieka lizdą po 20-25 dienų ir šokinėja netolimose šakose prieš galutinai išskrisdami.

    Šiltesnėse vietovėse snieginiai garniai gyvena pastoviai; šiaurinės populiacijos migruoja į Centrinę Ameriką ir Karibus. Po veisimosi sezono gali skristi į Šiaurę, retkarčiais nuklysdami į vakarų Europą.

    Snieginiai garniai minta žuvimi, vėžiagyviais, vabzdžiais. Maistą medžioja sekliame vandenyje, tiek krypuodami vandenyje, kojomis drumsdami vandenį, kol grobis matomas, tiek skrisdami virš vandens, taip pat gali tykoti grobio.

    Snieginiai gandrai yra buvę paklausūs dėl gražių plunksnų ir buvo medžiojami prekybai (moteriškų skrybėlių papuošimui), dėl ko pavojingai sumažėjo jų skaičiai. Šiuo metu saugomi įstatymo ir populiacija atsistačiusi.


    Vikiteka

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    Amerikaanse kleine zilverreiger ( Dutch; Flemish )

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    Vogels

    De Amerikaanse kleine zilverreiger (Egretta thula) lijkt erg veel op de zilverreiger die in Afrika, Europa en Azië voorkomt.

    Uiterlijk

    De Amerikaanse kleine zilverreiger is een middelgrote reiger welke een lengte tussen de 56 tot 66 centimeter bereikt en een gewicht van 350 tot 380 gram. De vogel heeft een spanwijdte van 100 centimeter. Het gehele verenkleed is helder wit. Rondom de neusgaten, tussen de snavel en de gele ogen, is de huid geel en zichtbaar, tijdens het broedseizoen verkleurt dit vaak naar rood. De bovenkant en de punt van de snavel is donkergrijs van kleur. De onderkant van de bek is wit. De poten van de vogel zijn eveneens donkergrijs. Het mannetje en het vrouwtje zijn gelijk.

    Gedrag

    Het voedsel van de Amerikaanse kleine zilverreiger bestaat net zoals bij de meeste andere reigersoorten uit vis, week- en schaaldieren, kikkers, kleine reptielen en insecten. De vogel staat vaak doodstil aan de waterkant wachtend op mogelijk passerende prooien. Vaak gebruikt de vogel ook zijn poten om half verscholen prooi uit de rivierbodem tevoorschijn te halen waarna hij deze met zijn lange snavel kan pakken. Ook scheert hij soms al vliegend laag over het water waarbij hij vliegensvlug een visje uit het water pikt. Ook zijn ze regelmatig te vinden rondom vee in open vlaktes om de insecten te vangen. Andere keren 'rennen' ze door het water al jagend op kleine rivierkreeftjes.

    Voortplanting

    Deze vogel bouwt zijn nesten voornamelijk in reigerkolonies. Deze kolonies kunnen vaak bestaan uit meerdere soorten reigers. Deze reiger broed zowel aan de kustlijn als bij oevers van zoetwatermeren. Het nest bestaat uit takken, bladeren en veren en worden voornamelijk gemaakt in bomen en flinke struiken. Het mannetje verzamelt het materiaal waarmee het vrouwtje het nest maakt. In sommige gebieden, voornamelijk het westelijke leefgebied van deze reigersoort, bouwt de vogel ook nesten op de grond aan de wateroevers.

    Het vrouwtje legt 3 à 4 lichtblauw-groene eieren. De eieren worden zowel door het mannetje als het vrouwtje uitgebroed. Na een broed periode van 20 tot 26 dagen komen de eieren uit. Na 20 tot 25 dagen zitten de jongen volledig in de veren en kunnen ze het nest verlaten. Na anderhalve maand kunnen de jonge vogels zelfstandig leven.

    Verspreiding en leefgebied

    De Amerikaanse kleine zilverreiger komt echter alleen voor in Noord- en Zuid-Amerika. Hij komt voor van het zuiden van Canada tot en met Chili en Argentinië. Ook is de vogel te vinden in het Caribisch gebied. In de warmere gebieden zijn de vogels permanente inwoners. In de koudere noordelijke en zuidelijke gebieden trekken de vogels in de koude periode naar warmer gelegen gebieden toe.

    De soort telt 2 ondersoorten:

    • E. t. brewsteri: westelijk Noord-Amerika.
    • E. t. thula: van oostelijk en zuidelijk Noord-Amerika tot centraal Chili en noordelijk Argentinië.

    Afbeeldingen

    Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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    Amerikaanse kleine zilverreiger: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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    De Amerikaanse kleine zilverreiger (Egretta thula) lijkt erg veel op de zilverreiger die in Afrika, Europa en Azië voorkomt.

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    Snøhegre ( Norwegian )

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    Snøhegre (Egretta thula) er en fugl i hegrefamilien.

    Inndeling

    Inndelingen under følger HBW Alive og er i henhold til Martínez-Vilalta & Motis (2018).[1] Norske navn på artene følger Norsk navnekomité for fugl og er i henhold til Syvertsen et al. (2008, 2017).[2][3] Navn og beskrivelser i parentes er ikke offisielle, men kun foreløpige beskrivelser.

    Treliste
    Noter
    • A. brachyrhyncha og A. plumifera ble tidligere regnet som underarter av A. intermedia (duskhegre), men disse er nå skilt ut som selvstendige arter. De er imidlertid ikke navngitt på norsk enda.
    • Kritthegre og hvithalshegre ble tidligere av og til regnet til Ardea, men disse er nå plassert i Egretta

    Referanser

    1. ^ Martínez-Vilalta, A. & Motis, A. (2018). Herons (Ardeidae). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/52203 on 6 June 2018).
    2. ^ Syvertsen, P. O., Ree, V., Hansen, O. B., Syvertsen, Ø., Bergan, M., Kvam, H., Viker, M. & Axelsen, T. 2008. Virksomheten til Norsk navnekomité for fugl (NNKF) 1990-2008. Norske navn på verdens fugler. Norsk Ornitologisk Forening. www.birdlife.no (publisert 22.5.2008). Besøkt 2016-08-07
    3. ^ Syvertsen, P.O., M. Bergan, O.B. Hansen, H. Kvam, V. Ree og Ø. Syvertsen 2017: Ny verdensliste med norske fuglenavn. Norsk Ornitologisk Forenings hjemmesider: http://www.birdlife.no/fuglekunnskap/navn/om.php

    Eksterne lenker

    ornitologistubbDenne ornitologirelaterte artikkelen er foreløpig kort eller mangelfull, og du kan hjelpe Wikipedia ved å utvide den.
    Det finnes mer utfyllende artikkel/artikler på .
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    Snøhegre: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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    Snøhegre (Egretta thula) er en fugl i hegrefamilien.

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    Czapla śnieżna ( Polish )

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    Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

    Czapla śnieżna (Egretta thula) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny czaplowatych (Ardeidae). Upierzenie białe, dziób, golenie i skoki czarne. W szacie godowej u samca ozdobne pióra na głowie, plecach i piersi. Żeruje w roślinności na płytkiej wodzie.

    Rozmiary
    Długość ciała 50-10 cm[4]
    Zasięg, środowisko
    Tereny podmokłe. Zimuje na południowych rejonach Ameryki Północnej.

    Przypisy

    1. Egretta thula, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
    2. Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) (ang.). IBC: The Internet Bird Collection. [dostęp 21 grudnia 2010].
    3. Egretta thula. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
    4. E. Keller, prof. dr. J. H. Reichholf, G. Steinbach i inni: Leksykon zwierząt: Ptaki. Cz. 1. Warszawa: Świat Książki, 2003, s. 60. ISBN 83-7227-891-1.

    Bibliografia

    • Andrew Gosler: Atlas Ptaków Świata. Warszawa: MULTICO Oficyna Wydawnicza, 2000. ISBN 83-7073-059-0.
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    Czapla śnieżna: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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    Czapla śnieżna (Egretta thula) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny czaplowatych (Ardeidae). Upierzenie białe, dziób, golenie i skoki czarne. W szacie godowej u samca ozdobne pióra na głowie, plecach i piersi. Żeruje w roślinności na płytkiej wodzie.

    Rozmiary Długość ciała 50-10 cm Zasięg, środowisko Tereny podmokłe. Zimuje na południowych rejonach Ameryki Północnej.
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    Garça-branca-pequena ( Portuguese )

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    A garça-branca-pequena (Egretta thula) é uma garça que ocorre na América temperada e tropical, com ampla distribuição no Brasil. A espécie chega medir até 54 cm de comprimento, possuindo plumagem branca com grandes egretes no período reprodutivo, bico e pernas negros e dedos amarelos. Também é conhecida pelos nomes de garça-pequena e garceta.

    O nome do gênero vem do francês provençal para a garça-pequena, aigrette, que é um diminutivo de aigron, 'garça'. O nome da espécie thula é o termo Araucano para o cisne de pescoço preto, aplicado a esta espécie por engano pelo naturalista chileno Juan Ignacio Molina em 1782.[1]

    Houve uma época em que as plumas da garça-branca eram muito procuradas como enfeites para chapéus femininos.[2] Eles foram caçados por essas plumas e isso reduziu a população da espécie a níveis perigosamente baixos.[3] Agora protegida por lei nos Estados Unidos, sob a Lei do Tratado de Aves Migratórias, a população dessa ave se recuperou.

    Descrição

    As garças-brancas-pequenas adultas são inteiramente brancas, exceto os loros amarelos entre o bico longo e preto e o olho, as pernas pretas e os pés amarelos brilhantes. A nuca e o pescoço apresentam longas plumas desgrenhadas conhecidas como egretes.[4] Garças-brancas-pequenas imaturas têm pernas mais opacas e esverdeadas.

    Medidas : [5]

    • Comprimento : 56-66 centímetros
    • Peso : 370 gramas
    • Envergadura : 1 metro

    Distribuição e habitat

    A garça-branca-pequena é nativa das Américas do Sul, Central e do Norte. Está presente o ano todo na América do Sul, indo até o sul do Chile e Argentina. Também ocorre ao longo do ano nas Índias Ocidentais, Flórida e regiões costeiras da América do Norte e Central. Na parte sul dos Estados Unidos é migratória, reproduzindo-se na Califórnia, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, Novo México, Texas, Louisiana e Mississippi. É encontrada em pântanos de muitos tipos; pântanos, margens de rios, lagos, piscinas, sapais e estuários. Não é encontrada em grandes altitudes nem geralmente na costa.[6] A garça-branca-pequena já ocorreu como vagante na Europa, na Islândia, Escócia e Açores.[7]

    Subespécies

    São reconhecidas duas subespécies:[8]

    • Egretta thula thula (Molina, 1782) - desde os Estados Unidos até o centro da Argentina e nas Índias Ocidentais.
    • Egretta thula brewsteri (Thayer & Bangs, 1909) - oeste dos Estados Unidos até Baja Califórnia e costa noroeste do México.

    As subespécies diferem entre si pelo tamanho, sendo que Egretta thula thula é, em média, menor do que Egretta thula brewsteri e tem o tarso mais curto.[9]

    Dieta

    Essa ave come peixes, crustáceos, insetos, pequenos répteis, caracóis, sapos, vermes e lagostins. Ela persegue a presa em águas rasas, geralmente correndo ou arrastando os pés, lançando a presa à vista balançando a cabeça, batendo as asas ou vibrando seus bicos. Ela também pode pairar ou "mergulhar" voando com os pés logo acima da superfície da água. A garça-branca-pequena também pode ficar parada e esperar para emboscar a presa ou caçar insetos incitados por animais domésticos em campos abertos. Ela às vezes se alimenta em grupos mistos de espécies.[10]

    Reprodução

    A garça-branca-pequena se reproduz em colônias mistas, que podem incluir garças-grandes, socós, garças tricolores, garças-azuis, íbis pretos e colhereiros. O macho estabelece um território e começa a construir o ninho em uma árvore, cipó ou vegetação rasteira. Ele então atrai uma companheira com uma elaborada exibição de corte que inclui mergulhar para cima e para baixo, levantar contas, exibições aéreas, mergulhar, dar cambalhotas e chamar. A vizinhança imediata do ninho é protegida de outras aves e a fêmea termina a construção do ninho com materiais trazidos pelo macho. É construído com galhos, juncos, junças, gramíneas, musgo espanhol e materiais semelhantes e pode ter 38 centímetros de diâmetro. Colocam-se até seis ovos verde-azulados claros, que eclodem após cerca de 24 dias. Os jovens são altriciais e cobertos de penugem branca quando eclodem. Eles deixam o ninho após cerca de 22 dias.[11]

    Achados fósseis

    Fósseis da garça-branca-pequena foram relatados nas infiltrações de alcatrão de Talara, no Peru, em Bradenton, no condado de Manatee, e em Haile XIB, no condado de Alachua, na Flórida, Estados Unidos.[12] Os depósitos datavam do Pleistoceno Superior.[13][14][15][16]

    Status

    No início do século XX, a garça-branca foi amplamente caçada por causa de suas longas plumas reprodutoras que algumas mulheres usavam em seus chapéus. Esse comércio foi encerrado em 1910 na América do Norte, mas continuou por algum tempo na América do Sul e Central. Desde então, as populações se recuperaram.[17] A ave tem um alcance muito amplo e a população total é grande. Nenhuma ameaça particular foi reconhecida e a tendência populacional parece ser de aumento, então a União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza avaliou seu estado de conservação como sendo de "menor preocupação".[18]

    Galeria

    Referências

    1. Jobling, 2010, p.143, 385
    2. Saikku, Mikko (outono de 1990). «The Extinction of the Carolina Parakeet». Environmental History Review. 14: 9–10. JSTOR 3984724. doi:10.2307/3984724
    3. «Snowy Egret: Life History». All About Birds. TheCornellLab. Consultado em 29 de março de 2019
    4. (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). «Snowy egret (Egretta thula. Cornell Lab of Ornithology: Neotropical Birds Online. Consultado em 28 de novembro de 2019
    5. «Snowy Egret Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology». www.allaboutbirds.org (em inglês). Consultado em 26 de setembro de 2020
    6. (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). «Snowy egret (Egretta thula. Cornell Lab of Ornithology: Neotropical Birds Online. Consultado em 28 de novembro de 2019
    7. «Twitchers flock to see UK's first snowy egret». The Scotsman. Consultado em 25 de dezembro de 2018
    8. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan & C. L. Wood (2017). «The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017». The Cornell Lab of Ornithology (Planilha Excel)|formato= requer |url= (ajuda) (em inglês). Disponível para download !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (link)
    9. «garça-branca-pequena (Egretta thula) | WikiAves - A Enciclopédia das Aves do Brasil». www.wikiaves.com.br. Consultado em 12 de setembro de 2021
    10. «Snowy Egret: Life History». All About Birds. TheCornellLab. Consultado em 29 de março de 2019
    11. «Snowy Egret: Life History». All About Birds. TheCornellLab. Consultado em 29 de março de 2019
    12. Egretta thula at Fossilworks.org
    13. Talara tar seeps at Fossilworks.org
    14. Bradenton at Fossilworks.org
    15. Haile XIB at Fossilworks.org
    16. Ligon, 1966
    17. «Snowy Egret: Life History». All About Birds. TheCornellLab. Consultado em 29 de março de 2019
    18. BirdLife International (2016). "Egretta thula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2016: e.T22696974A93595536. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696974A93595536.en. Retrieved 3 December 2019.

    Bibliografia

    • Jobling, James A. 2010. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names, 143, 385. Christopher Helm. Accessed 11 Dec 2019. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4
    • Ligon, J.D. 1965. A Pleistocene avifauna from Haile, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 10. 127-158. Accessed 11 Dec 2019.
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    Garça-branca-pequena: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

    provided by wikipedia PT

    A garça-branca-pequena (Egretta thula) é uma garça que ocorre na América temperada e tropical, com ampla distribuição no Brasil. A espécie chega medir até 54 cm de comprimento, possuindo plumagem branca com grandes egretes no período reprodutivo, bico e pernas negros e dedos amarelos. Também é conhecida pelos nomes de garça-pequena e garceta.

    O nome do gênero vem do francês provençal para a garça-pequena, aigrette, que é um diminutivo de aigron, 'garça'. O nome da espécie thula é o termo Araucano para o cisne de pescoço preto, aplicado a esta espécie por engano pelo naturalista chileno Juan Ignacio Molina em 1782.

    Houve uma época em que as plumas da garça-branca eram muito procuradas como enfeites para chapéus femininos. Eles foram caçados por essas plumas e isso reduziu a população da espécie a níveis perigosamente baixos. Agora protegida por lei nos Estados Unidos, sob a Lei do Tratado de Aves Migratórias, a população dessa ave se recuperou.

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    Snöhäger ( Swedish )

    provided by wikipedia SV

    Snöhäger[2] (Egretta thula) är en amerikansk fågel i familjen hägrar inom ordningen pelikanfåglar.[3]

    Utseende

    Snöhägern är mycket lik sin nära europeiska släkting silkeshäger i storlek (båda 55–65 centimeter i längd) samt med sin helvita dräkt och mörka tarser men gula tår. Snöhägern är dock nästan alltid gul på baksidan av den mörka tarsen, livligt gula fotsulor och tår (silkeshägerns fotsulor är gröna och tårna matt gula) samt klargul tygel utanför parningstid (silkeshägerns är blågrå eller gröngrå). Vidare har silkeshägern i häckningsdräkt yvigare och kortare nackplym samt något kortare ben och hals.[4]

    Utbredning och systematik

    Snöhäger delas in i två underarter med följande utbredning:[3]

    Vissa behandlar arten som monotypisk.[5]

    Arten är en mycket sällsynt gäst i Europa, med ett fynd på Island 1983, ett från Storbritannien 2001-2002 samt ett 15-tal från Azorerna.[6]

    Ekologi

    Föda

    Snöhägrar äter huvudsakligen vattenlevande djur som kräftdjur, insekter, fisk, grodor och maskar. Den födosöker ofta genom att först röra runt med sina starkt gula fötter i vattnet. Den föredrar grunda bräckvattens- eller saltvattenmiljöer.

    Häckning

    Fågeln häckar i kolonier i tät vegetation på isolerade platser, som bevuxna strandrevlar, träsk och våtmarker. De häckar gärna i blandade kolonier med andra hägerarter (ägretthäger, blåhäger, trefärgad häger eller kohäger), bronsibis eller rosenskedstork. Hanen börjar bygga ett bo i toppen på eller längst ut på en gren i ett träd eller buske innan han hittat en partner. När det är gjort tar honan över bobyggandet, men får byggnadsmaterial av hanen. Honan lägger två till sex blekt blågröna ägg som båda könen ruvar. När de avlöser varandra presenterar den som går på passet ofta en liten kvist, nästan som en stafettpinne. Äggen ruvas i 24–25 dagar och när de kläcks tar båda föräldrarna hand om ungarna.

    Status och hot

    I slutet av 1800-talet var silkeshägerns huvudplymer mycket populära i modeindustrin. 1886 värderades de dubbelt så högt i vikt som guld. Silkeshägerns bestånd gick hårt åt, men återhämtade sig gradvis när reformer genomfördes i början av 1900-talet för att skydda arten.[7]

    Idag har arten ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population, och tros öka i antal.[1] Utifrån dessa kriterier kategoriserar internationella naturvårdsunionen IUCN arten som livskraftig (LC).[1]

    Bilder

    Noter

    1. ^ [a b c] Birdlife International 2012 Egretta thula Från: IUCN 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.4 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-02-01.
    2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2017) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2017-08-14
    3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2015) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2015 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2016-02-11
    4. ^ Svensson, Lars; Peter J. Grant, Killian Mullarney, Dan Zetterström (2009). Fågelguiden: Europas och Medelhavsområdets fåglar i fält (andra upplagan). Stockholm: Bonnier Fakta. sid. 410. ISBN 978-91-7424-039-9
    5. ^ Dickinson, E.C., J.V. Remsen Jr. & L. Christidis (Eds). 2013-2014. The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4th. Edition, Vol. 1, 2, Aves Press, Eastbourne, U.K.
    6. ^ Tarsiger.com Fynd av snöhäger i Västpalearktis
    7. ^ Snowy Egret Faktablad om snöhäger på allaboutbird.org

    Externa länkar

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    Snöhäger: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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    Snöhäger (Egretta thula) är en amerikansk fågel i familjen hägrar inom ordningen pelikanfåglar.

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    Süt beyazı balıkçıl ( Turkish )

    provided by wikipedia TR

    Süt beyazı balıkçıl[1] (Egretta thula) balıkçılgiller (Ardeidae) familyasından bir kuş türü. Eski Dünya'nın küçük ak balıkçılına benzer.

    Fiziksel özellikleri

    Tüyleri beyaz renklidir. Erişkinler yaklaşık 61 cm boyunda ve 3,75 kg ağırlığındadır. İnce ve uzun gagaları siyah renklidir. Uzun bacakları siyah renkli, ayakları ise sarıdır. Üst gaganın gözlere yakın olan kısmı sarıdır ancak üreme döneminde kırmızıya dönüşür. Üreme döneminde ayrıca erişkinlerin sırtında kıvrık uzun tüyler çıkar. Genç kuşlar erişkinlere benzer ancak gaganın tabanı daha soluk renklidir ve bacakların arkasında yeşil ya da sarı bir çizgi bulunur.

    Dağılımı

    Üreme döneminde ABD'de Büyük Göller bölgesinin alt kısımları ile güneybatı bölgesinden Güney Amerika'ya kadar uzanan bölgede iç sulak alanlar ile sahil bölgelerinde yaşarlar. Sıcak bölgelerde göç etmezler ancak kuzeyde yaşayan popülasyon kış aylarında Orta Amerika ve Karayipler'e göç eder. Üreme döneminden sonra kuzeyde nadiren de olsa Avrupa'nın batısında rastlantısal konuk olarak da görülebilirler.

     src=
    Üreme dönemi uzun tüyleri ile nümayişte olan süt beyazı balıkçıl.

    Davranış

    Koloniler hâlinde yaşarlar ve ağaçların ya da çalılıkların üzerinde çalı çırpıdan oluşmuş platformlarda yuvalanırlar. Dişi bir keresinde üç ila dört yeşilimsi mavi yumurta yumurtlar ve hem erkek hem dişi kuluçkaya dönüşümlü yatar. Yavrular 20 ila 25 gün içinde yuvadan ayrılırlar.

    Balık, kabuklular, böcekler ve küçük sürüngenler ile beslenirler. Sığ sularda avlanmak için koşarak avları yerlerinden çıkarırlar ya da ayakları suya değecek kadar alçaktan uçup dalarak avlanırlar. Avlanmak için hareketsiz kalıp pusuya da yatabilirler.

    Notlar

    1. ^ "balıkçıl". AnaBritannica. 3. İstanbul: Ana Yayıncılık. 1986. s. 245.
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    Süt beyazı balıkçıl: Brief Summary ( Turkish )

    provided by wikipedia TR

    Süt beyazı balıkçıl (Egretta thula) balıkçılgiller (Ardeidae) familyasından bir kuş türü. Eski Dünya'nın küçük ak balıkçılına benzer.

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    Cò tuyết ( Vietnamese )

    provided by wikipedia VI
     src=
    Cò tuyết

    Cò tuyết (danh pháp hai phần: Egretta thula) là một loài chim thuộc họ Diệc[2]. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là vùng nội địa rộng lớn và các vùng đất ngập nước ven biển từ dưới Ngũ Đại Hồ và tây nam Hoa Kỳ đến Nam Mỹ. Phạm vi sinh sản ở miền đông Bắc Mỹ mở rộng dọc theo bờ biển Đại Tây Dương và vùng Vịnh từ Maine tới Texas, và nội địa dọc theo sông và hồ lớn. Chúng làm tổ thành từng bầy, thường với các loài cò khác, thường là trên các búi cây hoặc cây bụi. Tổ nông làm bằng cây gậy và lót bằng cành cây và cây cói. Mối tổ có 3 đến 4 trứng màu xanh hình bầu dục được cả chim cha lẫn chim mẹ ấp. Chim non rời tổ ​​trong 20-25 ngày và đỗ trên nhánh gần tổ cuối cùng trước khi bay đi.

    Hình ảnh

    Chú thích

    1. ^ BirdLife International (2012). Egretta thula. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2013.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 11 năm 2013.
    2. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

    Tham khảo

    Liên kết ngoài

     src= Wikimedia Commons có thêm hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Cò tuyết


    Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến chim này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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    Cò tuyết: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

    provided by wikipedia VI
     src= Cò tuyết

    Cò tuyết (danh pháp hai phần: Egretta thula) là một loài chim thuộc họ Diệc. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là vùng nội địa rộng lớn và các vùng đất ngập nước ven biển từ dưới Ngũ Đại Hồ và tây nam Hoa Kỳ đến Nam Mỹ. Phạm vi sinh sản ở miền đông Bắc Mỹ mở rộng dọc theo bờ biển Đại Tây Dương và vùng Vịnh từ Maine tới Texas, và nội địa dọc theo sông và hồ lớn. Chúng làm tổ thành từng bầy, thường với các loài cò khác, thường là trên các búi cây hoặc cây bụi. Tổ nông làm bằng cây gậy và lót bằng cành cây và cây cói. Mối tổ có 3 đến 4 trứng màu xanh hình bầu dục được cả chim cha lẫn chim mẹ ấp. Chim non rời tổ ​​trong 20-25 ngày và đỗ trên nhánh gần tổ cuối cùng trước khi bay đi.

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    Белая американская цапля ( Russian )

    provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
    Научная классификация
    промежуточные ранги
    Домен: Эукариоты
    Царство: Животные
    Подцарство: Эуметазои
    Без ранга: Вторичноротые
    Подтип: Позвоночные
    Инфратип: Челюстноротые
    Надкласс: Четвероногие
    Класс: Птицы
    Подкласс: Настоящие птицы
    Инфракласс: Новонёбные
    Семейство: Цаплевые
    Подсемейство: Ardeinae
    Вид: Белая американская цапля
    Международное научное название

    Egretta thula (Molina, 1782)

    Ареал изображение

    Гнездовой ареал Круглогодично

    Только зимой
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    Систематика
    на Викивидах
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    ITIS 174813NCBI 110681EOL 1048667FW 368414

    Бе́лая америка́нская ца́пля[1] (лат. Egretta thula) — вид птиц из рода белые цапли.

    Описаны два подвида:

    • Egretta thula brewsteri
    • Egretta thula thula

    Описание

    Цапля около 61 см длиной, весящая 375 г. Клюв и ноги чёрного цвета, пальцы ярко-жёлтые. Верхняя часть основания клюва также жёлтого цвета. Неполовозрелые особи похожи на взрослых, однако отличаются от них более светлым основанием клюва и зелёной линией на задней части ног. Яйца овальной формы, сине-зеленоватого цвета, в количестве трёх—четырёх. Птенцы покидают гнёзда через 20—25 дней после вылупления.

    Белые американские цапли питаются мелкими рыбами, ракообразными, насекомыми и рептилиями.

    Примечания

    1. Бёме Р. Л., Флинт В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Птицы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский / Под общ. ред. акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., «РУССО», 1994. — С. 24. — 2030 экз.ISBN 5-200-00643-0.
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    Белая американская цапля: Brief Summary ( Russian )

    provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

    Бе́лая америка́нская ца́пля (лат. Egretta thula) — вид птиц из рода белые цапли.

    Описаны два подвида:

    Egretta thula brewsteri Egretta thula thula
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    雪鹭 ( Chinese )

    provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
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    二名法 Egretta thula
    Molina, 1782)  繁殖區 度冬區 留鳥
    繁殖區 度冬區 留鳥
     src=
    飞翔的雪鹭

    雪鹭学名Egretta thula)是一种中小型鹭科白鷺屬鳥類,主要分布於五大湖以南的美洲地區,外形極近似於旧大陆的白鹭(其中巴哈马更都在兩者的分布範圍內)。

    雪鷺的模式標本採集於18世紀的智利,其種名「thula」來自當地馬普切人馬普切語。在馬普切語中,「Thula」指的原是黑頸天鵝,但智利的西班牙裔博物學家胡安·莫里納(Juan I. Molina)卻把「Thula」誤當成了雪鷺,他爾後在1782年發表了這個被誤用的名字,於是也因此被沿用至今。

    特征

     src=
    雪鷺頭部特寫(美西亞種)

    成年雪鹭长56-66厘米,重375克,翼展达100厘米,全身羽毛均为白色。喙细长,黑色,腿修长,黑色,脚换色。眼前喙的上部为黄色,但是在繁殖期会变成红色,而成鸟的背部长出向後弯曲的羽毛,看起来很蓬乱。幼鸟与成鸟外表相似,但是喙的基部颜色较浅,腿背侧有一条绿色或黄色的流线。生性活泼。

    繁殖

     src=
    雪鷺成鳥、其幼鳥與巢。照片攝於美國佛羅里達,雪鷺在當地屬於留鳥
     src=
    亞成鳥(美西亞種)

    它们的繁殖栖息地在五大湖南部和美国西南部至南美洲的大片内陆地区和沿岸湿地。北美洲东部的繁殖地区包括大西洋和美國墨西哥灣沿岸地區延伸到缅因州至得克萨斯州,而内陆繁殖地区包括主要河流和湖泊沿岸。它们常与其他的涉禽成群筑巢,一般在乔木和灌木树枝上较平的地方筑巢。它们的巢较为扁平,较浅,以树枝构造,边沿用细枝和灯心草编织成。

    卵3-4枚,蓝中带绿,双亲都会孵卵,孵化期20-21日。双亲都会在巢中孵育,到雏鸟10日大时才停止。雏鸟10-14日大时,双亲中某一方会有50%守护在巢中。在风暴期间,双亲会继续孵育2周大的幼鸟。幼鸟在出生後20-25日离巢,在最终独立前都会在巢附近的树枝上跳跃。当受到惊扰时,雏鸟会排便并反刍以清空胃内物。成鸟和幼鸟在巢外排便,而雏鸟在巢内排便。

    双亲都会喂食小鸟,对於1-5日大的雏鸟,成鸟会将食物反刍到巢中底部以供小鸟取食。5日後的雏鸟能够夹住成鸟的喙以刺激成鸟反刍,使食物流入雏鸟的嘴中。由於雏鸟不是同时孵化,巢中可能会出现等级差异,这取决於巢的大小。成鸟会花费花费15%的时间喂食5-10日大的雏鸟,只花费6%的时间喂食21-25日大的幼鸟。

    维持巢中卫生的活动仅限於清理蛋壳,以及将巢中成鸟和幼鸟的排泄物扔到巢外。死亡的雏鸟常会被踩踏融合到巢的结构中。

    迁徙

    部分雪鹭会永久居留在在较温暖的地点,北方群体在冬天会迁徙中美洲加勒比地区。繁殖期後可能会有雪鹭在向北飞行时迷失,欧洲西部可能会出现迷鸟,不过非常罕见,第一只在英国观察到的迷鸟是於2001年至2002年到苏格兰越冬。

    亞種

    雪鹭共有2个亚种,但二者外观差异很小,仅仅是从体型上来区分二者:

    • 雪鷺指名亞種学名Egretta thula thula (Molina, 1782) ):分布範圍北起美國東岸,經中美洲(包含巴哈馬加勒比海地區),南抵彭巴草原智利西南沿岸。繁殖區包含北美洲东部,南至中美洲、大安的列斯群岛和南美洲全境。总体上看来,指名亞種的体型小於美西亚种,胫骨也较短。北美洲南至南美洲北部(委内瑞拉哥伦比亚厄瓜多尔)的繁殖种群可能是独立的亚种 E. t. candidissima,而南美洲南部的种群一般被视为指名亚种。
    • 雪鷺美西亞種学名Egretta thula brewsteri Thayer & Bangs, 1909 ):分布於美國西南部與墨西哥下加利福尼亞一帶,繁殖區也大致在落基山脉以西。体形较大,尤其是下加利福尼亚州的种群更大。Rea (1983)認為只有下加利福尼亚地區的种群才能算是美西亞種,原因是此种群的喙明显大於别处種群,并将北美洲其他所有种群都归类到指名亚种下。

    觅食

     src=
    完整的繁殖羽色

    雪鹭以甲殼類昆虫和小型爬行动物为食。它们在浅水中悄悄靠近猎物,双脚跑动或慢慢移动,将猎物赶入它们的视野中,同时双脚紧贴水面飞行并将双脚浸入水中捕获猎物。它们也可能会站立不动,待猎物靠近时伏击猎物,或者在开阔牧场中觅食由家畜惊扰钻出地面的昆虫

    鸣叫

    长有绒羽的幼鸟会发出轻柔的嗡嗡声,乞求食物时会发出频率高达2,500-3,500 Hz的2-3个音节。它们在繁殖地点以外的地方很少鸣叫,当从觅食地点被驱赶时,它们会发出高音调的Aargaarg声。它们进行侵略性表演时伴有低音调的Arg-Aarh-Aah-Raah叫声,当竞争表演的程度更为强烈时,它们的叫声会更为尖锐刺耳。它们竞争表演时的鸣叫频率最高可达1,100-1,200 Hz。静立和空中展翅表演时会发出A-wah-wah-wah。问候鸣叫的特征是2个1秒的长音节後接若干个0.1秒的短音节,频率可高达1,700 Hz。它们在追赶飞行或争夺猎物时可能会发出Aarg叫声。雄鸟和雌鸟都能发出高音调的占领领地叫声Aarh,但只有雄鸟在求偶时才能发出很有特点的Arg-obble或低音调的气泡音或咕噜音Wah-wahwah。攫夺猎物时颚骨会快速的合在一起,发出嗒嗒声。

    保护现状

    雪鹭的美丽羽衣曾经有很大的需求量,因为猎手会将羽衣制成女帽上的装饰物销售。正式由於这一原因,雪鹭的种群数量降低至危险的低水平。1886年时,雪鹭為32美元每盎司,是現在黃金價格的2倍。掠奪雪鹭羽毛的捕獵活動約始於1880年,在1903達到頂峰,直到1910年才停止,因為這種行為引起了民眾的公憤,促成了減少屠殺雪鹭的法律條文的出台。美国也颁布《Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918》保护雪鹭。而中美洲和南美洲继续雪鹭的捕猎,因为欧洲对此有需求。羽毛贸易中断後,雪鹭的数量大幅度增加,其分布区达到了历史上从未有过的大面积。

    参考文献

    1. ^ BirdLife International. Egretta thula. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2016 [1 October 2016]. 数据库資料包含說明此物種被編入無危級別的原因

    外部链接

     src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:雪鹭  src= 维基物种中的分类信息:雪鹭 物種識別信息
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    维基百科作者和编辑

    雪鹭: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

    provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
     src= 飞翔的雪鹭

    雪鹭(学名: Egretta thula)是一种中小型鹭科白鷺屬鳥類,主要分布於五大湖以南的美洲地區,外形極近似於旧大陆的白鹭(其中巴哈马更都在兩者的分布範圍內)。

    雪鷺的模式標本採集於18世紀的智利,其種名「thula」來自當地馬普切人馬普切語。在馬普切語中,「Thula」指的原是黑頸天鵝,但智利的西班牙裔博物學家胡安·莫里納(Juan I. Molina)卻把「Thula」誤當成了雪鷺,他爾後在1782年發表了這個被誤用的名字,於是也因此被沿用至今。

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    Distribution

    provided by World Register of Marine Species
    North America

    Reference

    North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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    contributor
    Kennedy, Mary [email]